Important World Cultivars of Loquat
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Transcript of Important World Cultivars of Loquat
Important World Cultivars of LoquatJules Janick, Zhike Zhang, and Shunquan Lin
Purdue University, USAGuangdon Higher Education Institute, China
Loquats and a Mountain BirdSouthern Song Dynasty (1127–1279)
BrazilJ. Saval BrasilRonda BrasilChinaChanghong-3DazhongHongganbenJiefanghzhongMeihuaxiaPuxinbenTaicheng-4Xiangzhong-11Zaozhong-6JapanMogiMogi WasseTanakaItalyBiancoItaliano-1MarchettoOttaviani
MaiteManisesMarcMas VaguéMasía CañeraManeraMercedesMil HomensMiquel d’AixaràMiquel NucierNadal TardíoNadal TempranoPeluchesPeixPere EsquenaPieraPolop-1RaúlRedonetRequinaRonda GruesosSacós
RosaRosa TardíoSanfilipparaVaniglia DulceVirticchiaraPakistanIkramullah-1Ikramullah-2Khyber-1Saeed-1PortugalAlmargemMata Mouros
RegionalRolhâo IITaviraSpainAl-AmaAlcácerAlfons Gregori-1Alfons Gregori-2Algerie (Altea)Algerie clon tardío
BarretBenimelliBeniaratxBordeCabeloCambrilsChirleroCortCoxCremaorDamaDulce PeraEstrada BlancEstrada GrocPaco el GordoIRTAIsmaelJavierínJoaquín GinerLinaresMagdalMagdal Carne
Blanca
SaguntíSallySamper-1Samper-2Saval-1Saval-2Saval MorenoSaval NerviadoSisantanouSiscarSusanaTemprano de
PetrésToni TomacaVilaUSAAdvanceChampagneGolden NuggetMcBethMrs CookseySabrosoVista White
Fujian
Huangmi Seedling, 2005, big fruit 63–121gWhitish. Late, late-April to early-MayEdible rate: 73%. TSS: 13%Thick peel, easy peel, resists fruit cracking,
rust, sunburn; good storage & transport
CHINA: Fujian ProvinceYanhong ‘Jiefangzhong’ × ‘Gold Nugget2009, 69g.Orange, late, mid MayTSS :13.1%.Disease resistance, high yield
Changhong No.3 Seedling, 1987, 50.1g. YellowishTSS: 8.9%High yield, large fruit, thick fresh, disease resistance
Zaozhong No.6 ‘Jiefangzhong’ × ‘Moriowase’, 198953–100g. Orange, Early (mid-April)TSS: 11.9%. High yieldMelting, sweet, resistant to fruit rust & low temperature
Zheijiang
Ninghaibai Seedling, 2004, 52g, WhitishLate May to early June. TSS: 13–19%Quality: Melting
Libai Seedling, 1985, 45g, WhitishMid-late May. TSS: 14.2, 79% edibleQuality, tender, juicy, rich flavorResistant to leaf spot, fruit rust, sunburn
Subai No. 1Seedling, new. 41g, WhitishLate (early–mid June). TSS: 14.5%Quality; high, juicy, sweet-sour, long storage
CHINA: Zheijiang Province
DahongpaoSeedling, 1876, 45–100gYellow-orange, late May, TSS: 11%.High yield, resistant to cold & droughtEasy to peel, thick flesh, good quality.
Sichuan
Dawuxing Seedling, 1978, 60–78gOrange-red. TSS: 12–15%Edible rate 73%. Late (May-June)Easy peel, strong flavor, juicy, tender and delicate
Longquan No.1 Seedling, 2002, 58–69gYellow-orange Early (mid-May)TSS: 11.4%, 71% edibleLarge fruit, good taste, tender
CHINA: Sichuan Province
Anhui
Shanxi
CHINA: Anhui Province
Guangrongzhong Seedling, 45–80gYellow-orange. Mid-late MayTSS: 10%High yield, resistant to cold & dry, good storage & transportEasy peel, sweet-acid, good quality
CHINA: Shanxi Province
MaihouhuangSeedling, 1995, 30–42gOrange-red. TSS 12.0%Edible rate 75%Late (mid to late-June)High yield, delicate, good taste
TURKEY
Akko I3Japanese origin, 20–25g, 2–3 seedDark orange, yellow-red fleshSunburnJuicy, sweet agreeable flavorGood keeping
Golden NuggetClone of Tanaka, California 1888–1890Orange, yellow-red fleshJuicy, sweet, agreeable apricot-like flavorGood keeping, ships well
Hafif CukurgobekSeedling, Turkish selectionOrange, yellowish-red fleshSweet, juicy, pleasant flavor,Good keeping
ITALY (Sicily)
VirticchiaraSeedling from Bocca di Falco
(near Palermo)Very early (April)White-pink flesh, 45–50g, TSS:
9–10%Sweet
Nespola Rossa Seedling from Ficarfazzi (near Palermo)End of April, (flowers Oct–Dec).Pink fleshTSS: 9–10%Pollinator for Nespolone di Trabia and
Sanfilliparo
Nespolone di TrabiaSeedling from Trabia (near Palermo)May–JuneOrange flesh, 60–80gTSS: 14–15%Very good quality, ships well
ITALY (Sicily)
Sanfilipparo (Gigante)Derived and similar to Nespolone di TrabiaOrange fleshAdaptable to different climates, ships well
MarchettoSeedling from Facarazzi (near Palermo)White orange flesh, 70–80g, TSS: 15%Easy peel, ships poorly, local sales
SPAIN
AlgerieSeedling from Algeria, 65g, TSS: 11%Yellow-orange fruit & fleshJuicy, tasty, good sugar acid balance, good postharvest High productivity 90% of Spanish production
Golden NuggetClone of Tanaka, California 1888–1890Orange, yellow-red fleshJuicy, sweet, agreeable apricot-like flavorGood keeping, ships well
UNITED STATES (California)
AdvanceSeedling, 1897 (C.P. Taft), Japanese originLate, Yellow–red flesh, self infertileDowny skin, Medium sizeGood pollinatorExcellent flavor, thick fleshDwarf tree
ChampagneSeedling, 1908 (C.P. Taft), Japanese originMid-season to lateYellowish-red flesh, 3–5 seedExcellent flavor, juicyProlific
JAPAN (Honshu, Shikoku)
TanakaSeed from Nagasaki 1888May (late in California), 70–80g, 2–4 seedYellow-red flesh, firm. Juicy, subacid, sweet35% of crop in Japan, susceptible to sunburn
JAPAN (Kyushu)
Yougyoku‘Mogi’ × ‘Morimoto’, 1973,
released 199960g, TSS: 12%Yellow fleshSensitive to loquat canker
Shiromogi From Moki, seedling of Chinese loquat, 1840Mid seasonWhite fleshExcellent quality
Nagasaki-wase‘Mogi’ × ‘Hondawase’, 1976Very earlyOrange-orange yellow, yellow-red fleshExcellent quality, good keeping
JAPAN (Kyushu)
SuzukazeFrom ‘Kusunoki’ × ‘Mogi’, 1999, 55g Yellow fleshMiddle season, big fruit
ReigetsuFrom Moriowase × , 2002, 51gYellow freshMature in late April, easy to peel
Mizuho‘Nao’ × ‘Tanaka’Yellow fleshLate season
Obusa‘Tanaka’ × ‘Kushioki’, 1967, 70 gYellow fleshMid-seasonGood keeping quality, resistant to insects & diseases
JAPAN
ISRAEL
Akko 1Midseason, 40–50 gSensitive to 'Purple spot'Dark orange peelProbably chance seedling from
Akko farm, 1960s–1970sFruit pear shapeRelatively strong flavor
YehudaMidseason, 40-50 gProbably Akko 1 × Akko 13,
1960s–1970sOrange peelFruit shape oblong
AvriRelatively late season50–70 g (relatively large fruit)Local chance seedling from Nordia nursery 1980sYellow-orange peelFruit pear shape
Seedless loquat H324 (white fleshed)
Seedless loquat D425 (orange flesh) with diploid ‘Jinfeng’ at far right
Conclusion
Most present cultivars are chance seedlingsVariability in cultivars include:
External and internal colorSizeFlesh characters, taste, sweetness, acidity, textureSeed numberFlesh thicknessKeeping qualityDisease resistance
Loquats and a Mountain BirdSouthern Song Dynasty (1127–1279)