Review for Imperialism Test
Make sure you have definitions for the following Vocabulary:Imperialism Protectorate Sphere of Influence Jihad
Missionary Elite Pasha Genocide
Concession Sati Sepoy Viceroy
Deforestation Purdah trade surplus trade deficit
indemnity extraterritoriality
Essay QuestionTheme: ImperialismHistorical Context: There are many explanations why
European nations chose to imperialize other non-industrialized nations of the world over the course of the 19th century. They include the needs of industrialization as well as issues of international prestige.
Task: 1.Define the term, “Imperialism.”2.Discuss at least two reasons that motivated European
nations to seek colonies.3.State your position on European imperialism, citing
at least two positive or negative developments that came as result of imperialism.
Imperialism•Domination by one country of the political,
economic or cultural life of another country or region.
•Motivated by▫Economics (need for raw materials/markets)▫Military (bases for resupply/protection)▫Nationalism (power/prestige/nationalism)▫Arrogance/Humanitarian (Europeans thought
they were superior bringing civilization)
Reasons for European success
•Modern Industrial economies•Stable governments•Advanced technology•Wealth•Non-western societies in decline
Imperialism in Africa• Africa unexplored in early 1800s• Explorers/missionaries seek to “civilize”• King Leopold II (Belgium) begins “Scramble for
Africa”• Berlin Conference Africa divided among
European powers / no African voice• Britain controlled Northeastern and Southern
Africa; France controlled Northwestern and Central Africa
• African Resistance: Zulu (Shaka) in South; Ethiopia (Menlik II in East)
Imperialism in the Muslim World• Muslim powers were weak; corruption
widespread• Reform movements emerged (fundamentalist)
▫Wahhabi movement in Arabia ▫Mahdi in Sudan
• Ottoman Empire being torn apart by nationalist movements (Romania, Greece, etc.)
• Christian Armenians victims of genocide by Turks (accused of assisting Russians)
• Iran’s attractive to Russia (North) and British (East ); discovery of oil even more important
Imperialism in India•British used India’s diversity to weaken and
control it•Sepoy Rebellion: Indians angry over disregard
for their religion rise up put down•British bring western reforms to Indian
education and law •Changes give rise to Indian nationalist
movements:▫Indian National Congress▫Muslim League
Imperialism in China• Opium War: Chinese try to prevent sale of British
Opium defeated /forced to accept treaty• Treaty of Nanjing: Indemnity to be paid; Hong
Kong to Britain; Ports opened; Extraterritoriality• Taiping Rebellion: Chinese Rise up against
British; defeated & forced to accept more reforms• Sino-Japanese War: Japan defeats China sending
other powers signal of China’s weakness; other powers establish spheres of influence
• Chinese Nationalism: Sun Yixian and the Three Principles of the People
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