Review for Imperialism Test

Make sure you have definitions for the following Vocabulary:Imperialism Protectorate Sphere of Influence Jihad

Missionary Elite Pasha Genocide

Concession Sati Sepoy Viceroy

Deforestation Purdah trade surplus trade deficit

indemnity extraterritoriality

Essay QuestionTheme: ImperialismHistorical Context: There are many explanations why

European nations chose to imperialize other non-industrialized nations of the world over the course of the 19th century. They include the needs of industrialization as well as issues of international prestige.

Task: 1.Define the term, “Imperialism.”2.Discuss at least two reasons that motivated European

nations to seek colonies.3.State your position on European imperialism, citing

at least two positive or negative developments that came as result of imperialism.

Imperialism•Domination by one country of the political,

economic or cultural life of another country or region.

•Motivated by▫Economics (need for raw materials/markets)▫Military (bases for resupply/protection)▫Nationalism (power/prestige/nationalism)▫Arrogance/Humanitarian (Europeans thought

they were superior bringing civilization)

Reasons for European success

•Modern Industrial economies•Stable governments•Advanced technology•Wealth•Non-western societies in decline

Imperialism in Africa• Africa unexplored in early 1800s• Explorers/missionaries seek to “civilize”• King Leopold II (Belgium) begins “Scramble for

Africa”• Berlin Conference Africa divided among

European powers / no African voice• Britain controlled Northeastern and Southern

Africa; France controlled Northwestern and Central Africa

• African Resistance: Zulu (Shaka) in South; Ethiopia (Menlik II in East)

Imperialism in the Muslim World• Muslim powers were weak; corruption

widespread• Reform movements emerged (fundamentalist)

▫Wahhabi movement in Arabia ▫Mahdi in Sudan

• Ottoman Empire being torn apart by nationalist movements (Romania, Greece, etc.)

• Christian Armenians victims of genocide by Turks (accused of assisting Russians)

• Iran’s attractive to Russia (North) and British (East ); discovery of oil even more important

Imperialism in India•British used India’s diversity to weaken and

control it•Sepoy Rebellion: Indians angry over disregard

for their religion rise up put down•British bring western reforms to Indian

education and law •Changes give rise to Indian nationalist

movements:▫Indian National Congress▫Muslim League

Imperialism in China• Opium War: Chinese try to prevent sale of British

Opium defeated /forced to accept treaty• Treaty of Nanjing: Indemnity to be paid; Hong

Kong to Britain; Ports opened; Extraterritoriality• Taiping Rebellion: Chinese Rise up against

British; defeated & forced to accept more reforms• Sino-Japanese War: Japan defeats China sending

other powers signal of China’s weakness; other powers establish spheres of influence

• Chinese Nationalism: Sun Yixian and the Three Principles of the People