Renaissance and Renaissance and ReformationReformation
Renaissance Italy Renaissance Italy 1
Why Did the Renaissance Begin in Why Did the Renaissance Begin in Italy?Italy?
New interest in ancient Rome New interest in ancient Rome
The cities of Italy The cities of Italy
Survived the Middle AgesSurvived the Middle Ages
Trade and manufacturing. Trade and manufacturing.
Wealthy merchant class Wealthy merchant class
Education and individual Education and individual achievement achievement
Spent lavishly on the arts. Spent lavishly on the arts.
Florence Florence
Gifted poets, artists, Gifted poets, artists, architects, scholars, and architects, scholars, and scientists. scientists.
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City of Florence, Italy
What Was the What Was the Renaissance?Renaissance?
The Renaissance was a The Renaissance was a time of creativity and time of creativity and changechange
social, economic, and social, economic, and cultural cultural
changes the way people changes the way people viewed themselves and viewed themselves and their worldtheir world
Renaissance thinkers Renaissance thinkers explored the human explored the human
experience in the here experience in the here and nowand now
emphasized individual emphasized individual achievement.achievement.
The Renaissance ideal was The Renaissance ideal was the person with talent in the person with talent in many fields.many fields.
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HumanismHumanism
HumanismHumanism
the study of classical the study of classical culture, culture,
worldly subjects rather worldly subjects rather than on religious issues. than on religious issues.
HumanitiesHumanities,, the the subjects taught in subjects taught in ancient Greece and ancient Greece and RomeRome
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Renaissance Artists and Writers Explored Renaissance Artists and Writers Explored New Themes and TechniquesNew Themes and Techniques
Wrote self-help books to help ambitious men and women rise in the Renaissance world
Rejected Gothic style Adopted columns, domes, and arches that had been favored by the Greeks and Romans
Developed realistic styleLearned rules of perspectiveUsed shading to make objectslook round and realStudied human anatomyUsed live models
WRITERS PAINTERS
ARCHITECTS
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Three Geniuses of Renaissance Three Geniuses of Renaissance Art Art
Studied the works of Studied the works of Michelangelo and Michelangelo and LeonardoLeonardo
Paintings blended Paintings blended Christian and Christian and classical stylesclassical styles
Best known for Best known for paintings of the paintings of the Madonna, the biblical Madonna, the biblical mother of Jesusmother of Jesus
Talented sculptor, Talented sculptor, engineer, painter, engineer, painter, architect, and poetarchitect, and poet
Sculpted the Sculpted the Pieta Pieta and and statue of Davidstatue of David
Painted huge mural to Painted huge mural to decorate the ceiling of the decorate the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in RomeSistine Chapel in Rome
Designed the dome for St. Designed the dome for St. Peter’s Cathedral in RomePeter’s Cathedral in Rome
Made sketches of nature Made sketches of nature and of modelsand of models
Dissected corpses to Dissected corpses to learn how the human learn how the human body workedbody worked
Masterpieces include Masterpieces include Mona LisaMona Lisa and and The Last The Last SupperSupper
Studied botany, Studied botany, anatomy, optics, music, anatomy, optics, music, architecture, and architecture, and engineeringengineering
Made sketches for flying Made sketches for flying machines and undersea machines and undersea boatsboats
RAPHAELRAPHAELMICHELANGELOMICHELANGELOLEONARDOLEONARDO
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Artists of the Northern Artists of the Northern RenaissanceRenaissance
Peter Paul Reubens Peter Paul Reubens blended Flemish with the Italian Renaissance. blended Flemish with the Italian Renaissance.
Pieter Bruegel Pieter Bruegel -peasant life, influenced later Flemish -peasant life, influenced later Flemish artists.artists.
Jan and Hubert van EyckJan and Hubert van Eyck
painted townspeople in rich, realistic detail-oil paint.painted townspeople in rich, realistic detail-oil paint.
Albrecht DurerAlbrecht Durer – Germany – Germany
““German Leonardo.”German Leonardo.”
The Northern Renaissance began in Flanders later spread to Spain, France, Germany, and England.
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Northern HumanistsNorthern Humanists
Northern humanists stressed Northern humanists stressed education and classical learning education and classical learning
Revival of ancient learning Revival of ancient learning
Religious and moral reforms. Religious and moral reforms.
Two humanists:Two humanists:
Desiderius Erasmus Desiderius Erasmus
Reform of the church Reform of the church
Bible to be translated Bible to be translated from from LatinLatin
Thomas More Thomas More
Social reform Social reform
UtopianUtopian society. society.
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Erasmus
More
The Printing RevolutionThe Printing Revolution
Printing revolutionPrinting revolution 1456-Johann 1456-Johann
Gutenberg Gutenberg Movable typeMovable type
IMPACT:IMPACT: Cheaper and easierCheaper and easier More people learned More people learned
to read.to read. Broad range of Broad range of
knowledge and ideas.knowledge and ideas.
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Writers of the Northern Writers of the Northern RenaissanceRenaissance
Spanish Spanish author who author who wrote wrote Don Don QuixoteQuixote, which , which mocks mocks romantic romantic notions about notions about medieval medieval chivalrychivalry
English poet who was English poet who was the towering figure the towering figure of Renaissance of Renaissance literatureliterature
Wrote 37 plays that Wrote 37 plays that are still performed are still performed around the worldaround the world
His love of words His love of words vastly enriched the vastly enriched the English language.English language.
French humanist French humanist who was a monk, who was a monk, physician, Greek physician, Greek scholar, and authorscholar, and author
Offered opinions on Offered opinions on religion, education, religion, education, and other subjects and other subjects in in Gargantua and Gargantua and Pantagruel. Pantagruel.
RABELAIS SHAKESPEARE CERVANTES
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The Protestant The Protestant ReformationReformation
1500s-Protestant 1500s-Protestant ReformationReformation
Calls for Reform Calls for Reform
Protestants Protestants
““protested” papal protested” papal authority. authority.
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Abuses in the ChurchAbuses in the Church
The Church gets caught up in worldly affairs
Popes competed and Popes competed and Italian princesItalian princes
Popes fought long wars Popes fought long wars over Papal Statesover Papal States
IndulgencesIndulgences Popes led lavish Popes led lavish
lifestyleslifestyles The Church increased The Church increased
feesfees Weddings, baptisms etc.Weddings, baptisms etc.
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The Teachings of Martin The Teachings of Martin LutherLuther
95 Theses 95 Theses Salvation=faith aloneSalvation=faith alone
Luther rejected that Luther rejected that good deeds were good deeds were necessary for necessary for salvation salvation
The Bible The Bible Luther denied other Luther denied other
authoritiesauthorities All Christians have equal All Christians have equal
access to God access to God Priests and Church-special Priests and Church-special
powerspowers
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Why did Luther’s ideas receive Why did Luther’s ideas receive such support?such support?
Germany and Germany and ScandinaviaScandinavia
Answer to Church Answer to Church corruption.corruption.
German princesGerman princes National loyalty.National loyalty. PeasantsPeasants
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John CalvinJohn Calvin
Followed LutherFollowed Luther PredestinationPredestination Theocracy-GenevaTheocracy-Geneva Spread to Spread to
Germany, France, Germany, France, Scotland, EnglandScotland, England
PersecutionPersecution
Radical ReformersRadical Reformers
New Protestant sects sprang New Protestant sects sprang up up More radical than Luther and More radical than Luther and Calvin. Calvin. AnabaptistsAnabaptists
rejected infant baptismrejected infant baptismabolish private property abolish private property violence to speed up violence to speed up
judgment judgment day day religious tolerance religious tolerance separation of Church and separation of Church and
statestate
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England and the Church England and the Church
In 1528, King Henry VIII asked the pope to annul his marriage.
The pope refused Henry’s request.
Henry took the Church from the pope’s control and created the Church of England.
Protestant King Edward VI brought Protestant reforms to England.
Queen Mary wanted to restore Catholicism to England. She had hundreds of English Protestants burned at the stake.
Queen Elizabeth forged a compromise between Protestants and Catholics.
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King Henry’s WivesKing Henry’s Wives
The Catholic ReformationThe Catholic Reformation
•Pope Paul IIIPope Paul III• Moral authority of Moral authority of
the Church the Church • Called the Council Called the Council
of Trentof Trent• Strengthened the Strengthened the
InquisitionInquisition• JesuitsJesuits
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Causes and Effects of the Causes and Effects of the Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation
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Immediate Effects
Peasants’ Revolt
Founding of Lutheran, Calvinist, Anglican, Presbyterian, and other Protestant churches
Weakening of Holy Roman Empire
Luther calls for Jews to be expelled from Christian lands
Long-Term Effects
Religious wars in Europe
Catholic Reformation
Strengthening of the Inquisition
Jewish migration to Eastern Europe
Increased anti-Semitism
Widespread PersecutionWidespread Persecution
Both Catholics and Both Catholics and Protestants fostered Protestants fostered intoleranceintolerance
Catholics killed Catholics killed Protestants Protestants and and Protestants Protestants killed killed CatholicsCatholics
1450-1750 witch hunts1450-1750 witch hunts
Jewish PersecutionJewish Persecution
GhettosGhettos
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Major European Religions Major European Religions about 1600about 1600
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Changing Views of the Changing Views of the UniverseUniverse
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Until the mid-1500s, Europeans Until the mid-1500s, Europeans accepted accepted PtolemyPtolemy’s theory’s theory
1543 1543 Nicolaus CopernicusNicolaus CopernicusHeliocentricHeliocentric
1500s 1500s Tycho BraheTycho BraheSet up an observatorySet up an observatory
Johannes KepplerJohannes KepplerEllipseEllipse
Galileo GalileiGalileo Galilei Telescope Telescope Confirmed the heliocentric Confirmed the heliocentric modelmodelGalileo was tried before the Galileo was tried before the
InquisitionInquisition
The Scientific MethodThe Scientific Method
This new approach to science depended on observation and experimentation.
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Scientific AdvancesScientific Advances
Anthony von Leeuwenhoek Anthony von Leeuwenhoek perfected the microscope, first perfected the microscope, first human to see cells and human to see cells and microorganisms.microorganisms.
William Harvey described William Harvey described the circulation of blood.the circulation of blood.
Ambroise Pare developed an ointment for Ambroise Pare developed an ointment for preventing infection, technique for preventing infection, technique for stitching wounds. stitching wounds.
Andreas Vesalius published the first Andreas Vesalius published the first accurate study of human anatomy.accurate study of human anatomy.
Robert Boyle differentiated elements Robert Boyle differentiated elements from compoundsfrom compounds
Isaac Newton proposed Isaac Newton proposed the law of the law of gravity.gravity.
The 1500s and 1600s saw breakthroughs in many branches of science.
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