1 First Aid for Children
Your Instructor
Nevan MulvihillYour Instructor: Nevan Mulvihill087 946 2865www.facebook.com/redtrain.ie
Parent First Aid
2 Main causes of death in children
• Choking, • Drowning, • Poisoning, • Suffocation,• Trauma
5 Main causes of mortalityIn children
3 Patient Assessment
• Danger• Response• Airway
– C-Spine• Breathing• Circulation
Primary Survey
Paediatric Chain of Survival4
1. Prevention of arrest2. Early CPR – 2 minutes if unwitnessed3. Early Activation of Emergency Services 999/1124. Early Advanced Life Support5. Early Post-Resuscitation care
CPR5
Infant Choking – repeat 5 back slaps & 5 chest compressions until object clearsBack Slaps Chest Compressions
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7 Treatment for Poisons (999)
• Primary SurveyIF CONSCIOUS– Do not induce vomiting– If the casualty has swallowed a corrosive – Give small sips of water or milk to drink
• Primary Survey• IF UNCONSCIOUS
– Recovery position– Monitor vital signs / Keep samples– Urgent removal to hospital– Be prepared to resuscitate
• Avoid becoming contaminated • The National Poisons Information Centre can be
contacted at Beaumont Hospital – telephone 01 - 8092568
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Treatment for Poison
8 Common Childhood illness
Asthma
Seizures in children – main causes
Febrile ConvulsionsEpilepsyHead InjuryLack of OxygenStroke
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Picture: Many Thanks to the Anaphylaxis Campaign.
Anaphylaxis
• Anxiety• Blotchy skin• Swelling of face• Swelling of neck• Puffiness around
eyes• Breathing difficulties• Rapid pulse
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Anaphylaxis
12 Treatment of Severe Allergies
• Relieve Breathing• If trained use Epi-pen
999
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Concussion CompressionUnconsciousness for a short period, followed by an increase in levels of response and recovery.
Could have a history of recent head injury with apparent recovery, but then deteriorates
Short term memory loss (particularly of the incident). Confusion, irritability.
Levels of response become worse as condition develops
Mild, general headache. Intense headache.
Pale, clammy skin. Flushed, dry skin.
Shallow / normal breathing. Deep, noisy, slow breathing.(Pressure on the respiratory control area of the brain)
Rapid, weak pulse. (Blood diverts away from the extremities)
Slow, strong pulse. (Caused by raised blood pressure)
Normal pupils, reacting to light. One or both pupils dilate as pressure increases on the brain.
Possible nausea or vomiting on recovery.
Condition becomes worse. Fits may occur. No recovery.
Serious Head injuries13
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Management of a Head Injury:
Ensure A c, B CTreat all life threatening injuriesMonitor vital signsHead to toe surveyPrevent chillingIf UNCONSCIOUS due to trauma
Consider spinal injury and treat
Refer to attached pocket guide on concussion
PEEP
osture
levate
xamine
ressure
Bleeding15
Treatment of Bleeding
16 Nose Bleed
• Breath through Mouth• Pinch below bridge of Nose• Have casualty lean forward• Try not to speak, sniff, swallow, or spit• Check after 10 minutes• Do not blow nose for a few hours• Seek Medical Attention if bleeding persists for more than 30 minutes
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Treatment of Nose Bleed
RICE
est
ce
ompression
levation
Sprains and strains
IF IN DOUBT - TREAT AS A FRACTURE !
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Sprain or Strain Treatment
18 Hypoglycaemia - Treatment
If Concious : • Talk to them, encourage them to check
sugar levels.• Ask if they should take sugar / food /
drinks.• Seek Medical AttentionIf Unconcious :• Call 999 / 112 and Ensure ABC• Place patient in recovery position• Monitor vital signs / Prevent chilling• Look for other causes
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Treatment of DiabeticsHypoglyacemic – low blood sugar levels
19 Electrical Injuries - Treatment
• Make sure scene is safe• Primary Survey• Burns often full thickness• Multiple burns possible• Activate EMS
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Treatment for burns
COOL! – 10 -15 Minutes cool Running Water
REMOVE Jewellery and clothing
DRESS – non adherent
Burns – treatment20
21 Low Current Voltage
REMOVE PLUG
DO NOTtouch casualty if he/she is still in
contact with electrical current
Try to use a telephonedirectory or something
similar as a insulator
DO NOT use any metal object to push
away electrical source, use a
wooden object
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Treatment for Electric Shock
22 Common Childhood illness
Chicken Pox
Red Flag early warning signs!• Cold hands and feet• Pain in the limbs or joints• Abnormal skin colour (pallor or mottling)
Other signs, which can occur later:• Fever and vomiting• Rash that doesn’t fade with tumbler test• Drowsiness or lowered levels of consciousness• Severe headache• Stiff neck (rare)• Dislike of bright lights (rare)
Meningitis23
Meningitis
Meningitis – doesn’t disappear under a glass – if in doubt arrange transport to hospital
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