Question of the Question of the DayDay
5-101. What is a codon? Where
is it found?
2. What is an anticodon? Where is it found?
WarreWarren Pn P
DominiDominicc
MarkMark MattMatt LizziLizziee
Khalid Khalid Lai Lai FangFang
TimTim ChristinChristinaa
ShontaShontay y VaughVaughnn
MariMariaa
KaylKayla a BeerBeerss
RicharRichard d LevickLevick
James James PP
Travis Travis GraffGraff
CoreyCorey Kohl Kohl MikeMike Ashley Ashley
FRONT OF THE ROOMDO
OR
Win
dow
s
AnnouncementAnnouncement5-10
Unit # 8 Test will be Friday 5-13!
Translation SummaryTranslation Summary
Review DNAReview DNA
REVIEWREVIEW
Replication fork
Question of the Question of the DayDay
5-111. During translation, the ____
moves along the mRNA and builds the amino acid chain with the help of ____ molecules.
MutationsMutations MutationMutation – – random error or change in a DNA random error or change in a DNA
sequencesequence that may affect the whole that may affect the whole chromosome or just one genechromosome or just one gene
• What can cause a mutationWhat can cause a mutation? ? Copying Copying errorserrors by the polymerase, by the polymerase, UVUV radiation, radiation, chemicalschemicals, , virusesviruses
• Are mutations always badAre mutations always bad? ? NONO. . Beneficial mutations Beneficial mutations can lead to can lead to evolutionary changeevolutionary change..
Point MutationPoint Mutation – – a change to a a change to a single base pair in DNAsingle base pair in DNA– This kind of error This kind of error usually changes usually changes
only one amino acidonly one amino acid
MutationsMutationsFrameshift Mutation – a mutation in Frameshift Mutation – a mutation in
which which a base or bases are added or a base or bases are added or deleted from the DNA sequencedeleted from the DNA sequence
This would This would cause every codon to cause every codon to be differentbe different after that addition / after that addition / deletiondeletion
Mutation ExamplesMutation Examples: :
DeletionsDeletions – – part of chromosome is part of chromosome is lostlost
InsertionsInsertions – – part of the chromosome part of the chromosome breaks off and rejoins it’s sister breaks off and rejoins it’s sister chromatidchromatid
MutationsMutations NondisjunctionNondisjunction – – failure of failure of
homologous chromosomes to homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosisseparate properly during meiosis Trisomy – when a Trisomy – when a gamete (sex cell) has gamete (sex cell) has
an extra chromosomean extra chromosome So in humans there would be So in humans there would be 47 47 chromosomeschromosomes
If the extra chromosome If the extra chromosome is # 21 in humans = is # 21 in humans = down syndromedown syndrome
MutationsMutations
– MonosomyMonosomy – – absence of a absence of a chromosome chromosome – most do not survive– most do not surviveFemales can be missing the Females can be missing the XX chromosome and survivechromosome and survive
WHY? B/C the other WHY? B/C the other X chromosome can X chromosome can make up the make up the difference difference
AssignmentsAssignments 5-9
DNA Replication, Transcription, and Translation Handout My.hrw.com
Chapter 4
Username = dhe5n
Password = p5e8n
Question of the Question of the DayDay
5-121. Which mutation is more
likely to cause a problem a point mutation or a frameshift mutation? WHY?
ReviewReview
The type of mutation when a piece of the chromosome breaks off and is reinserted backwards =
Students Choice Students Choice 5-4You may:
• Take 10.2, 10.3, & 10.4 self-check quizzes for a question point each (by yourself or w/ one partner)
• Work on your review assignment
• Make notecards
• Study with a buddy
AnnouncementAnnouncement5-12
Unit # 8 Test will be Friday 5-13 (due to testing)!
DNA replication
Point mutation
Thymine
Helicase
Peptide bond
Ribosome
mRNA
Translation
DNA polymerase
Frame shift mutation
Hydrogen bond
Transcription
Transcription - Last names A through J
http://www-class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/animation/gene/gene_a2.html
Translation - Last names K through Z
http://www-class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/animation/gene/gene_a3.html
ActivitActivityy
Come up w/ 6 questions. You do NOT need anwers.
A ____________
C ____________
D __________
B _________
= process of making mRNA from DNA
= process of making mRNA from DNA
C_____________
= single stranded nucleic acid
D__________ = organelle that translates
Protein
DNA
Protein
Replication = process of making DNA copy
A_____________
tRNA
C___________
D_____________
B___________
E___________
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