-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
Wafer supplier
CBA
Re
lative
lig
ht-
ind
uce
d
de
gra
da
tio
n D
PM
PP [
%re
l.]
Q.ANTUM
PERC w/o BO stabilisation
25°C, LID OC mode, 24 h
D
VMPP
- IMPP
Voc
- Isc
[]
D
D
°° °
250 500 750 1000 1250 15000-10.0
-8.0
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
95°C OC mode
50°C SC mode
50°C OC mode
95°C SC mode
Rela
tive C
han
ge
in
Vo
c r
el. [
%]
Exposure Time t [h]D
D °
0 200 400 600 800-12.0
-10.0
-8.0
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
2.0
Rel. C
han
ge
in
Mod
ule
Pow
er
Pre
l. [
%]
Exposure Time t [h]
D
85°C OC mode
LID = CID
VMPP
- IMPP
Voc
- Isc
[]
D °
D
0 200 400 600 800-12.0
-10.0
-8.0
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
2.0
Rel. C
han
ge
in
Mod
ule
Pow
er
Pre
l. [
%]
Exposure Time t [h]
60°C MPP mode
85°C OC mode
LID = CID
85°C MPP mode
VMPP
- IMPP
Voc
- Isc
[]
°
0 1 2 3 4-8.0
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
2.0
LeTID-sens. PERC Field
Re
l. M
od
ule
Po
wer
Lo
ss d
ue
to
Le
TID
[%
]
Field Operation Time tField
[a]
0 1 2 3 4-8.0
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
2.0
LeTID-sens. PERC Field
Re
l. M
od
ule
Po
wer
Lo
ss d
ue
to
Le
TID
[%
]
Field Operation Time tField
[a]
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
LeTID-sens. PERC Lab
Lab Degradation Time tLab
[h]
°
0 1 2 3 4-8.0
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
2.0
LeTID-sens. PERC Field
Q.ANTUM Field
Re
l. M
od
ule
Po
wer
Lo
ss d
ue
to
Le
TID
[%
]
Field Operation Time tField [a]
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
LeTID-sens. PERC Lab
Lab Degradation Time tLab [h]
°
0 1 2 3 4-8.0
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
2.0
LeTID-sens. PERC Field
Q.ANTUM Field
Re
l. M
od
ule
Po
wer
Lo
ss d
ue
to
Le
TID
[%
]
Field Operation Time tField [a]
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
LeTID-sens. PERC Lab
Q.ANTUM Lab
Lab Degradation Time tLab [h]
°
10-1
00
100-
200
200-
300
300-
400
400-
500
500-
600
600-
700
700-
800
800-
900
900-
1000
1000
-110
0
1100
-120
0
1200
-130
0
1300
-140
0 --0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Annual S
um
of Ir
radia
ted E
nerg
y [
kW
h/m
2]
Irradiance GModule [W/m²]
Germany
Cyprus
-5-0 0-
55-
10
10-1
5
15-2
0
20-2
5
25-3
0
30-3
5
35-4
0
40-4
5
45-5
0
50-5
5
55-6
0
60-6
5
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Annual F
ield
Opera
tion T
ime t
Fie
ld [
h]
Module Temperature TModule [°C]
Germany
Cyprus
0 1 2 3 4-8.0
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
2.0
LeTID-sens. PERC Field
Germany
Cyprus
Rel. M
od
ule
Po
we
r L
oss d
ue
to
Le
TID
[%
]
Field Operation Time tField [a]
0 1 2 3 4-8.0
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
2.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
-2.0Ju
l.Ju
l.
LeTID-sens. PERC
Q.ANTUM
Re
l. I
ncre
ase
to
Re
fere
nce
in
LC
OE
[%
]
Re
l. L
oss t
o R
efe
ren
ce
in S
pe
cific
Yie
ld [
%]
Field Operation Time tField [a]
Jul.
Jul.
Jul.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
0 1 2 3 4-8.0
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
2.0
LeTID-sens. PERC
Q.ANTUM
Rel. M
odule
Pow
er
Loss d
ue to L
eT
ID [
%]
Field Operation Time tField [a]
°
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15-8.0
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
2.0
LeTID-sens. PERC Field
Q.ANTUM Field
Rel. M
odule
Pow
er
Loss d
ue t
o L
eT
ID [%
]
Field Operation Time tField [a]
0 580 1160 1740 2320 2900 3480 4060
LeTID-sens. PERC Lab
Q.ANTUM Lab
Lab Degradation Time tLab [h]
85°C
mc silicon
Q.ANTUM
PERC w/ medium LeTID
PERC w/ high LeTID
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400-12
-11
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
medium LeTID
TLID = 75°C
CID MPP mode
Re
lative
lig
ht-
ind
uce
d d
eg
rad
atio
n D
PM
PP [
%]
Time [h]
0 100 200 300 400-12
-11
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
TLID = 25°C
CID OC mode
Cz silicon
Q.ANTUM
PERC w/ BO stabil.
PERC w/o BO stabil.
Re
lative
lig
ht-
ind
uce
d d
eg
rad
atio
n D
PM
PP [
%]
Time [h]
BO stabil. Q.ANTUM
85°C
mc silicon
Q.ANTUM
PERC w/ medium LeTID
PERC w/ high LeTID
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400-12
-11
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
medium LeTID
TLID = 75°C
CID MPP mode
Re
lative
lig
ht-
ind
uce
d d
eg
rad
atio
n D
PM
PP [
%]
Time [h] -14
-13
-12
-11
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
Re
lative
lig
ht-
ind
uce
d d
eg
rad
atio
n D
PM
PP [
%]
Q.ANTUM
BO stabilisation
LID OC mode, 24 h
Temperature during LID
w/ BO
stab.
w/o BO
stab.
75°C
PERC w/ high LeTID
25°C
25°C
75°C
25°C
75°C
0 100 200 300 400-12
-11
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
TLID = 25°C
CID OC mode
Cz silicon
Q.ANTUM
PERC w/ BO stabil.
PERC w/o BO stabil.
Re
lative
lig
ht-
ind
uce
d d
eg
rad
atio
n D
PM
PP [
%]
Time [h]
BO stabil. Q.ANTUM
°