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Helping Students Generate
Creative Ideas
Jim Flowers
Ball State University
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1. Brainstorming
Good for a flood of ideas
Limited by whats in the lake
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Rules:
(Assumption: Clear problem definition)
Defer judgment.
Aim for quantity and variety.Record all responses.
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Options
Present examples?
Allow incubation time?
Set a time limit?Vary the number of brainstormers?
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Typical procedure:
State rules
Present problem statement
(List examples)Allow for incubation
Say Go
Record all responses.
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5 Brainstorming Examples
Individual
Whole-group
Small groupRelay
Round robin
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Individual Brainstorming
(Get ready to write
your responses.)
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Topic: Uses for Animal Skin
Common response: leather shoe
Uncommon response: to hold animals
together
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Whole class brainstorming
(Get ready to call out your responses.)
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Topic: Types of Ships
Common response:
battleship
Uncommon
response:penmanship
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Small Group Brainstorming
(Collaborate with
your group
members.)
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Topic:
How can you use a barometer to help
determine the height of a building?
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Relay Brainstorming
Each team member
must respond in
order.
Responses cannotbe used twice.
No helping is
allowed. Teams compete.
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Relay Brainstorming
(Who responds first?)
(Get ready to respond.)
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Topic: Things that support
other things.
(You must list the thing that supports
and the thing supported.)
Common response: A foundationsupports a building.
Uncommon response: Parents support
the PTA.
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Round Robin Brainstorming
Respond quickly.
Respond only during
your turn.
Step back when you
are asked.
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Topic:
New uses for
discarded
automobile tires
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5 Brainstorming Examples
Individual
Whole-group
Small groupRelay
Round robin
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Common Aspects of
Brainstorming Sessions
Many ideas
Wide variety of ideas
Limited
Defer judgment (no killer phrases allowed)
Quick
Active
Creative
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Brainstorming sessions differ
regarding:
Size of group
Time limits
CompetitionMode of expression
Noisiness
Pressure
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Is it right to put students underpressure when we ask them to
be creative?
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Use brainstorming:
To generate possible solutions.
To help generate problem statements.
As a break in a class.To introduce or break the ice.
Where creative responses are
appropriate.
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Beyond brainstorming
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2. Forced Questioning
Problem solvers use terms to help them
formulate original questions regarding a
topic.
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Basic Question Terms
Who
What
WhereWhen
Why
How
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Sample Problem:
Design a system for packaging an egg
so that it can withstand being released
20 above the ground without breaking.
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Questions for Egg Drop
What packaging shapes absorb
impact?
When, during the eggs descent, shouldour system act?
What other technologies are designed
to minimize injury due to impact?
Why are we assuming the egg is to fall?
Q & Q
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Question Dice & Question
Wheels
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Second Set of Terms
Did
Will
MightWould
Could
Should
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Typical 2-Dice Terms
Who could
When will
What might
Wh t d ith i
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What can you do with a piece
of paper?
Write notes.
Draw pictures.
Scribble.
Work out math
problems.
Draw maps.
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3. Attribute Listing
List all of the attributes or properties of
an object so that unintended uses
appear.
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Paper:
White
Thin (0.004)
90-degree cornersTranslucent
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4. Manipulative Verbs
Help us consider a certain change in
physical objects or concepts.
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Reverse (Push/Pull)
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Manipulative Verbs
AdaptModify Substitute
MagnifyMinify Rearrange
Reverse Combine (Other)
(Alex Osborn)
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Manipulative verbs:
Can be applied to solutions
Can be applied to problem statements
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Problem Statement Reversal
State the opposite of your goal:
How can we get people to hate our
web site and leave it right away?
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5. Forced Lateral Thinking
Violates tacit assumptions
(Assumption Smashing)
E.g., how can our competitive robotstore more balls than its rival?
Can become
How can our robot get one ball anddestroy the rival?
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6. Thinking Assignments
Six thinking hats (Edward deBono)
White Hat Thinking: facts
Red: intuitions and emotions
Black: judgment and caution
Yellow: logical positive; finding the good in
each option
Green: creative alternatives Blue: control; metacognition
7 Forced Analogy &
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7. Forced Analogy &
Metaphorical Thinking
Our company as a life preserver
My family seems like candle
Love is like a whetstoneThe Internet is our conscience
(Later elaborations)
8 Sketching &
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8. Sketching &
Sketchstorming
Fast sketchstorming
Slower, more detailed sketching
Sketching while manipulating a 3Dobject
9 Constructing / 3D Modeling
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9. Constructing / 3D Modeling
/ Tinkering
Allow physical objects to stimulate
ideas.
Have students generate solutions by
helping them with visualization.
Help student with visualization by
having them generate solutions.
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10. Thought Book / Diary / Log
Last night, in a dream, I had this great
idea for a new invention. I remembered
the idea when I first awoke, but I cant
recall it now.
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11. Stream of Consciousness
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Paired Term Association
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Paired Term Association
Example
Term Asked Response
Egg yolkBreak pedal
Fall leaf
Time delay
Forced Connections (Hybrid
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Forced Connections (Hybrid
Ideas)
Making a connection between two
seemingly unrelated terms, concepts or
objects.
Conceptual: In-line skates
Physical: Swiss army knife
Forced Connections: New
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Forced Connections: New
Product Ideas
Eagle
Dog
Chair
Broom
Sun
Water
Oil
Poetry
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13. Morphological Charts
List different properties (shapes) as
column headings and the possible
choices below; select a path through
the chart.
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Chair Chart
Matl Color Rock Height
Wood black yes tall
Metal brown no regularPlastic white adjustable
blue
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Chair Chart
Matl Color Rock Height
Wood black yes tall
Metal brownno
regularPlastic white adjustable
blue
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14. Mind Mapping
Tony Buzan
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15. Other graphic displays
Storyboarding
Venn Diagrams
FlowchartingLotus Blossom
Thinkpak by
Michael Michalko
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16. Fooling your mind
Putting it on the back burner Unconscious Problem Solving
Walking aroundFrequent disruptions may promotealternatives.
Cf The Discontinuity Principle
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17. Research!!!
Visit the library. Read. Search the Internet.
Ask experts. Conduct experiments. Visit the competition. (Imitation)
Read more. Assess previous attempts. Discuss what you know. Read.
18 Question the Problem and
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18. Question the Problem and
its Assumptions
Kirk reprogrammed the computer.
Peaches will not grow everywhere.
Maybe its not a (blank) problem at all;maybe its really a (blank) problem,
instead.
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Promoting critical thought
Pay them to:Find a mistake
Add to a list
Double their credit if they:Find a mistake on a test
Post a correction of a web site
Make mistakes on purpose
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5 Examples of
1. Brainstorming Individual
Whole-group
Small group
Relay
Round robin
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Other Ideation Techniques
2. Forced QuestioningQuestion Dice & Question Wheels
3. Attribute Listing
4. Manipulative Verbs
5. Forced Lateral Thinking
6. Thinking Assignments7. Forced Analogy & Metaphorical
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More Ideation Techniques
8. Sketching & Sketchstorming
9. Constructing / 3D Modeling /
Tinkering
10. Thought Book / Diary / Log
11. Stream of Consciousness
12. AssociationForced Connections
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More Ideation Techniques
13. Morphological Charts
14. Mind Mapping
15. Other graphic displays16. Fooling your mind
17. Research
18. Question the Problem and itsAssumptions
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Helping Students Generate
Creative Ideas
Jim Flowers
Ball State University
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