PROFESIONALISME GURU- HELPING STUDENTS GENERATES CREATIVE IDEAS

8/14/2019 PROFESIONALISME GURU- HELPING STUDENTS GENERATES CREATIVE IDEAS

1/63

Helping Students Generate

Creative Ideas

Jim Flowers

Ball State University


2/63

1. Brainstorming

Good for a flood of ideas

Limited by whats in the lake


3/63

Rules:

(Assumption: Clear problem definition)

Defer judgment.

Aim for quantity and variety.Record all responses.


4/63

Options

Present examples?

Allow incubation time?

Set a time limit?Vary the number of brainstormers?


5/63

Typical procedure:

State rules

Present problem statement

(List examples)Allow for incubation

Say Go

Record all responses.


6/63

5 Brainstorming Examples

Individual

Whole-group

Small groupRelay

Round robin


7/63

Individual Brainstorming

(Get ready to write

your responses.)


8/63

Topic: Uses for Animal Skin

Common response: leather shoe

Uncommon response: to hold animals

together


9/63

Whole class brainstorming

(Get ready to call out your responses.)


10/63

Topic: Types of Ships

Common response:

battleship

Uncommon

response:penmanship


11/63

Small Group Brainstorming

(Collaborate with

your group

members.)


12/63

Topic:

How can you use a barometer to help

determine the height of a building?


13/63

Relay Brainstorming

Each team member

must respond in

order.

Responses cannotbe used twice.

No helping is

allowed. Teams compete.


14/63

Relay Brainstorming

(Who responds first?)

(Get ready to respond.)


15/63

Topic: Things that support

other things.

(You must list the thing that supports

and the thing supported.)

Common response: A foundationsupports a building.

Uncommon response: Parents support

the PTA.


16/63

Round Robin Brainstorming

Respond quickly.

Respond only during

your turn.

Step back when you

are asked.


17/63

Topic:

New uses for

discarded

automobile tires


18/63

5 Brainstorming Examples

Individual

Whole-group

Small groupRelay

Round robin


19/63

Common Aspects of

Brainstorming Sessions

Many ideas

Wide variety of ideas

Limited

Defer judgment (no killer phrases allowed)

Quick

Active

Creative


20/63

Brainstorming sessions differ

regarding:

Size of group

Time limits

CompetitionMode of expression

Noisiness

Pressure


21/63

Is it right to put students underpressure when we ask them to

be creative?


22/63

Use brainstorming:

To generate possible solutions.

To help generate problem statements.

As a break in a class.To introduce or break the ice.

Where creative responses are

appropriate.


23/63

Beyond brainstorming


24/63

2. Forced Questioning

Problem solvers use terms to help them

formulate original questions regarding a

topic.


25/63

Basic Question Terms

Who

What

WhereWhen

Why

How


26/63

Sample Problem:

Design a system for packaging an egg

so that it can withstand being released

20 above the ground without breaking.


27/63

Questions for Egg Drop

What packaging shapes absorb

impact?

When, during the eggs descent, shouldour system act?

What other technologies are designed

to minimize injury due to impact?

Why are we assuming the egg is to fall?

Q & Q


28/63

Question Dice & Question

Wheels


29/63

Second Set of Terms

Did

Will

MightWould

Could

Should


30/63

Typical 2-Dice Terms

Who could

When will

What might

Wh t d ith i


31/63

What can you do with a piece

of paper?

Write notes.

Draw pictures.

Scribble.

Work out math

problems.

Draw maps.


32/63

3. Attribute Listing

List all of the attributes or properties of

an object so that unintended uses

appear.


33/63

Paper:

White

Thin (0.004)

90-degree cornersTranslucent


34/63

4. Manipulative Verbs

Help us consider a certain change in

physical objects or concepts.


35/63

Reverse (Push/Pull)


36/63

Manipulative Verbs

AdaptModify Substitute

MagnifyMinify Rearrange

Reverse Combine (Other)

(Alex Osborn)


37/63

Manipulative verbs:

Can be applied to solutions

Can be applied to problem statements


38/63

Problem Statement Reversal

State the opposite of your goal:

How can we get people to hate our

web site and leave it right away?


39/63

5. Forced Lateral Thinking

Violates tacit assumptions

(Assumption Smashing)

E.g., how can our competitive robotstore more balls than its rival?

Can become

How can our robot get one ball anddestroy the rival?


40/63

6. Thinking Assignments

Six thinking hats (Edward deBono)

White Hat Thinking: facts

Red: intuitions and emotions

Black: judgment and caution

Yellow: logical positive; finding the good in

each option

Green: creative alternatives Blue: control; metacognition

7 Forced Analogy &


41/63

7. Forced Analogy &

Metaphorical Thinking

Our company as a life preserver

My family seems like candle

Love is like a whetstoneThe Internet is our conscience

(Later elaborations)

8 Sketching &


42/63

8. Sketching &

Sketchstorming

Fast sketchstorming

Slower, more detailed sketching

Sketching while manipulating a 3Dobject

9 Constructing / 3D Modeling


43/63

9. Constructing / 3D Modeling

/ Tinkering

Allow physical objects to stimulate

ideas.

Have students generate solutions by

helping them with visualization.

Help student with visualization by

having them generate solutions.


44/63

10. Thought Book / Diary / Log

Last night, in a dream, I had this great

idea for a new invention. I remembered

the idea when I first awoke, but I cant

recall it now.


45/63

11. Stream of Consciousness


46/63

Paired Term Association


47/63

Paired Term Association

Example

Term Asked Response

Egg yolkBreak pedal

Fall leaf

Time delay

Forced Connections (Hybrid


48/63

Forced Connections (Hybrid

Ideas)

Making a connection between two

seemingly unrelated terms, concepts or

objects.

Conceptual: In-line skates

Physical: Swiss army knife

Forced Connections: New


49/63

Forced Connections: New

Product Ideas

Eagle

Dog

Chair

Broom

Sun

Water

Oil

Poetry


50/63

13. Morphological Charts

List different properties (shapes) as

column headings and the possible

choices below; select a path through

the chart.


51/63

Chair Chart

Matl Color Rock Height

Wood black yes tall

Metal brown no regularPlastic white adjustable

blue


52/63

Chair Chart

Matl Color Rock Height

Wood black yes tall

Metal brownno

regularPlastic white adjustable

blue


53/63

14. Mind Mapping

Tony Buzan


54/63

15. Other graphic displays

Storyboarding

Venn Diagrams

FlowchartingLotus Blossom

Thinkpak by

Michael Michalko


55/63

16. Fooling your mind

Putting it on the back burner Unconscious Problem Solving

Walking aroundFrequent disruptions may promotealternatives.

Cf The Discontinuity Principle


56/63

17. Research!!!

Visit the library. Read. Search the Internet.

Ask experts. Conduct experiments. Visit the competition. (Imitation)

Read more. Assess previous attempts. Discuss what you know. Read.

18 Question the Problem and


57/63

18. Question the Problem and

its Assumptions

Kirk reprogrammed the computer.

Peaches will not grow everywhere.

Maybe its not a (blank) problem at all;maybe its really a (blank) problem,

instead.


58/63

Promoting critical thought

Pay them to:Find a mistake

Add to a list

Double their credit if they:Find a mistake on a test

Post a correction of a web site

Make mistakes on purpose


59/63

5 Examples of

1. Brainstorming Individual

Whole-group

Small group

Relay

Round robin


60/63

Other Ideation Techniques

2. Forced QuestioningQuestion Dice & Question Wheels

3. Attribute Listing

4. Manipulative Verbs

5. Forced Lateral Thinking

6. Thinking Assignments7. Forced Analogy & Metaphorical


61/63

More Ideation Techniques

8. Sketching & Sketchstorming

9. Constructing / 3D Modeling /

Tinkering

10. Thought Book / Diary / Log

11. Stream of Consciousness

12. AssociationForced Connections


62/63

More Ideation Techniques

13. Morphological Charts

14. Mind Mapping

15. Other graphic displays16. Fooling your mind

17. Research

18. Question the Problem and itsAssumptions


63/63

Helping Students Generate

Creative Ideas

Jim Flowers

Ball State University

PROFESIONALISME GURU- HELPING STUDENTS GENERATES CREATIVE IDEAS

Documents

Transcript of PROFESIONALISME GURU- HELPING STUDENTS GENERATES CREATIVE IDEAS