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Presentation onCentrifugal Compressors
Presented by:-
Akshat SharmaAkshay Upadhyaya
Akshay Chopra
Presented to:-
Prof. Satish shah
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Introduction
Compressors:- It is a power consuming thermodynamic device
which converts mechanical energy into head or pressure
There are majorly 2 types of compressors :-
Reciprocating Rotary
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Introduction Centrifugal force :-
Centrifugal force is the apparent force that draws a rotatingbody away from the center of rotation. It is caused by the
inertia of the body as the body's path is continually redirected
Centrifugal compressors :-
A type of dynamic compressor that compresses air and expels it
with a centrifugal force from a rotating wheel with radial vanes
is known as centrifugal compressor
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Components
Major components of a centrifugal compressors are
Impeller disc :- it is a rotating member that imparts energy to the
fluid which flows radially through it.
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Types of Impeller
Unshrouded Impeller Shrouded Impeller
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The DiffuserAfter the flow leaves the impeller it comes to the diffuser. The
diffuser can either be designed with or without guide-vanes.
This design parameter has an effect on the efficiency of thecompressor.
Vaneless diffusers are often used in applications where a widerange of mass flow is used, f. ex. a turbocharger
Guide vanes, on the other hand, which give a higher efficiency atconstant mass flow, are used in gas turbine applications for aeroplanes, which have heavy demands on the efficiency.
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The Diffuser
The task of the diffuser is to increase the static pressure of the
fluid, and at the same time decrease the velocity.
Therefore, it is necessary to design the diffuser so that only asmall part of the stagnation pressure at the compressor outlet
corresponds to kinetic energy.
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The casing
The compressor manifold is known as the Casing. It is mainly of three
types
Vortex casing in a casing a
circular chamber B/W theImpellor and casing is introduced.
Volute casing:- it is of spiral formWith increasing cross-sectioning
Area towards the discharge end.
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Vortex casing with guide ways:-
This consist of guide
Wheels with stationary
Vanes called diffuser.
Water leaving the
Impeller enters the guide vanes without shock.
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Working
Centrifugal compressors produce high-pressure discharge by
converting angular momentum imparted by the rotating impeller(dynamic displacement), as illustrated in the figure below
In order to do this efficiently, centrifugal compressors rotate at
higher speeds than the other types of compressors.
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These types of compressors are also designed for higher capacitybecause flow through the compressor is continuous.
Adjusting the inlet guide vanes is the most common method tocontrol capacity of a centrifugal compressor.
By closing the guide vanes, volumetric flows and capacity arereduced
Flow enters the compressor parallel to the impeller axis and isaccelerated by the blades, greatly increasing its velocity, and thusits total pressure
The gas leaves the impeller and is decelerated as smoothly aspossible to convert the kinetic energy imparted in the impeller tostatic pressure.
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Working of centrifugal compressors
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Applications of centrifugal
compressors
1. Gas turbines :-A gas turbine, also called a combustion
turbine, is a type of internal combustion engine. It has an
upstream rotating compressor coupled to a
downstream turbine, and a combustion chamber in-
between.
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2). Turbochargers:- A turbocharger, is a forcedinduction device used to allow more power to be produced by
an engine of a given size. A turbocharged engine can be more
powerful and efficient than a naturally aspirated
engine because the turbine forces more air, and
proportionately more fuel, into the combustion chamber than
atmospheric pressure alone.
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Advantages
In these compressors low starting torque is required whereas
axial flow compressors require high torque
Manufacturing and running cost is low in comparison with other
compressors
It converts kinetic energy into pressure energy
It runs at 2000-3000 rpm and delkivers fluid at a pressure upto100 bar
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Difference b/w axial flow and
centrifugal compressorsAxial flow Centrifugal flow
The flow of air is parallel to axis of
compressor
The flow is perpendicular
It requires high starting torque Starting torque is low
It is ideal for constant load applications It can handle wide range of loads
It requires less frontal area for given flow
rate
It requires large area
It is suitable for multi staging It is not
It has high manufacturing and running cost It has low running and other costs
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