Presentation On centrifugal compressors

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    Presentation onCentrifugal Compressors

    Presented by:-

    Akshat SharmaAkshay Upadhyaya

    Akshay Chopra

    Presented to:-

    Prof. Satish shah

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    Introduction

    Compressors:- It is a power consuming thermodynamic device

    which converts mechanical energy into head or pressure

    There are majorly 2 types of compressors :-

    Reciprocating Rotary

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    Introduction Centrifugal force :-

    Centrifugal force is the apparent force that draws a rotatingbody away from the center of rotation. It is caused by the

    inertia of the body as the body's path is continually redirected

    Centrifugal compressors :-

    A type of dynamic compressor that compresses air and expels it

    with a centrifugal force from a rotating wheel with radial vanes

    is known as centrifugal compressor

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    Components

    Major components of a centrifugal compressors are

    Impeller disc :- it is a rotating member that imparts energy to the

    fluid which flows radially through it.

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    Types of Impeller

    Unshrouded Impeller Shrouded Impeller

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    The DiffuserAfter the flow leaves the impeller it comes to the diffuser. The

    diffuser can either be designed with or without guide-vanes.

    This design parameter has an effect on the efficiency of thecompressor.

    Vaneless diffusers are often used in applications where a widerange of mass flow is used, f. ex. a turbocharger

    Guide vanes, on the other hand, which give a higher efficiency atconstant mass flow, are used in gas turbine applications for aeroplanes, which have heavy demands on the efficiency.

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    The Diffuser

    The task of the diffuser is to increase the static pressure of the

    fluid, and at the same time decrease the velocity.

    Therefore, it is necessary to design the diffuser so that only asmall part of the stagnation pressure at the compressor outlet

    corresponds to kinetic energy.

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    The casing

    The compressor manifold is known as the Casing. It is mainly of three

    types

    Vortex casing in a casing a

    circular chamber B/W theImpellor and casing is introduced.

    Volute casing:- it is of spiral formWith increasing cross-sectioning

    Area towards the discharge end.

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    Vortex casing with guide ways:-

    This consist of guide

    Wheels with stationary

    Vanes called diffuser.

    Water leaving the

    Impeller enters the guide vanes without shock.

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    Working

    Centrifugal compressors produce high-pressure discharge by

    converting angular momentum imparted by the rotating impeller(dynamic displacement), as illustrated in the figure below

    In order to do this efficiently, centrifugal compressors rotate at

    higher speeds than the other types of compressors.

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    These types of compressors are also designed for higher capacitybecause flow through the compressor is continuous.

    Adjusting the inlet guide vanes is the most common method tocontrol capacity of a centrifugal compressor.

    By closing the guide vanes, volumetric flows and capacity arereduced

    Flow enters the compressor parallel to the impeller axis and isaccelerated by the blades, greatly increasing its velocity, and thusits total pressure

    The gas leaves the impeller and is decelerated as smoothly aspossible to convert the kinetic energy imparted in the impeller tostatic pressure.

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    Working of centrifugal compressors

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    Applications of centrifugal

    compressors

    1. Gas turbines :-A gas turbine, also called a combustion

    turbine, is a type of internal combustion engine. It has an

    upstream rotating compressor coupled to a

    downstream turbine, and a combustion chamber in-

    between.

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    2). Turbochargers:- A turbocharger, is a forcedinduction device used to allow more power to be produced by

    an engine of a given size. A turbocharged engine can be more

    powerful and efficient than a naturally aspirated

    engine because the turbine forces more air, and

    proportionately more fuel, into the combustion chamber than

    atmospheric pressure alone.

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    Advantages

    In these compressors low starting torque is required whereas

    axial flow compressors require high torque

    Manufacturing and running cost is low in comparison with other

    compressors

    It converts kinetic energy into pressure energy

    It runs at 2000-3000 rpm and delkivers fluid at a pressure upto100 bar

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    Difference b/w axial flow and

    centrifugal compressorsAxial flow Centrifugal flow

    The flow of air is parallel to axis of

    compressor

    The flow is perpendicular

    It requires high starting torque Starting torque is low

    It is ideal for constant load applications It can handle wide range of loads

    It requires less frontal area for given flow

    rate

    It requires large area

    It is suitable for multi staging It is not

    It has high manufacturing and running cost It has low running and other costs

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