PISA 2015Volume I: Excellence and Equity in Education
Volume II: Policies and Practices for Successful Schools
OECD Secretary-General Angel GurríaLondon, UK
6 December 2016
We live in an age of unprecedented science innovation, but science
education isn’t keeping up.
Science
Student expectations of a science-related career, 2006 and 2015
Mont
eneg
roUn
ited
King
dom
Israe
lCr
oatia
Mexi
coAu
stria
Norw
ayTu
rkey
Esto
nia
Aust
ralia
Unite
d St
ates
Rom
ania
Maca
o (C
hina
)Jo
rdan
Braz
ilRu
ssia
Hong
Kon
g (C
h...
Lithu
ania
Japa
nNe
w Ze
alan
dSp
ain
Latv
iaCa
nada
Slov
enia
Bulg
aria
Hung
ary
Swed
enGr
eece
Finla
ndSw
itzer
land
OECD
ave
rage
-35
Irela
ndTu
nisia
Chile
Fran
ceCz
ech
Repu
blic
Neth
erla
nds
Kore
aSl
ovak
Rep
ublic
Germ
any
Icela
ndLu
xem
bour
gBe
lgiu
mUr
ugua
yCh
ines
e Ta
ipei
Denm
ark
Italy
Colo
mbi
aPo
land
Portu
gal
Indo
nesia
Thai
land
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
2015-NS Students in 2006 who expect to work in science
%
Geor
gia
Alba
nia
Mold
ova
Portu
gal
Sing
apor
eRo
man
iaBu
lgar
iaRu
ssia
Japa
nBr
azil
Esto
nia
Malta
Italy
Mexi
coTu
rkey
Urug
uay
Chin
ese
Taip
eiTu
nisia
Irela
ndUn
ited
King
dom
Germ
any
Switz
erla
ndBe
lgiu
mVi
et N
amJo
rdan
Aust
riaHo
ng K
ong
(Chi
na)
Aust
ralia
Cost
a Ri
caIce
land
Slov
ak R
epub
licUn
ited
Arab
Em
irate
s
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
Average three-year trend in science across PISA assessments
Scor
e-po
int d
iffer
ence
Average three-year trend in science performance since 2006
(51)
Spending per student from the age of 6 to 15 and science performance
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200300
350
400
450
500
550
600
Hungary
Costa Rica
Chinese Taipei
Chile
Brazil
TurkeyUruguayBulgaria
MexicoThailandMontenegro
Colombia
Dominican Republic
PeruGeorgia
Luxembourg
SwitzerlandNorwayAustria
Singapore
United States
United Kingdom
Malta
Sweden
BelgiumIceland
DenmarkFinland NetherlandsCanada
Japan
Slovenia
AustraliaGermany
IrelandFranceItaly
PortugalNew Zealand
Korea
SpainPoland
Israel
Estonia
Czech Rep.Latvia
Slovak Rep.
RussiaCroatiaLithuania
R² = 0.363584735029022
R² = 0.0354531836854977
Average spending per student from the age of 6 to 15 (in thousands USD, PPP)
Scie
nce
perf
orm
ance
(sc
ore
poin
ts)
Mean science performance
410
430
450
470
490
510
530
550
SingaporeJapan EstoniaChinese Taipei FinlandMacao (China)
CanadaViet NamHong Kong (China)B-S-J-G (China)KoreaNew ZealandSloveniaAustralia United KingdomGermany
NetherlandsIreland BelgiumDenmark Poland
Portugal NorwayUnited StatesAustria FranceSweden Czech RepublicSpain
LatviaRussia
LuxembourgItalyHungary LithuaniaCroatiaCABA (Argentina)
IcelandIsrael
MaltaSlovak Republic
Greece
ChileBulgaria
United Arab EmiratesRomaniaUruguay
MoldovaAlbaniaTurkey
Trinidad and Tobago ThailandCosta RicaQatar ColombiaMexico
GeorgiaMontenegro
Mean score
10 countries perform below this line…
Percentage of low-achievers in scienceVi
et N
amEs
toni
aSi
ngap
ore
Cana
daCh
ines
e Ta
ipei
Slov
enia
Denm
ark
Pola
ndLa
tvia
Unite
d Ki
ngdo
mAu
stra
liaSp
ain
Neth
erla
nds
Belg
ium
Czec
h Re
publ
icOE
CD a
vera
ge-3
5Fr
ance
Italy
Lithu
ania
Luxe
mbo
urg
Slov
ak R
epub
licMa
ltaCh
ileRo
man
iaAl
bani
aMo
ldov
aTr
inid
ad a
nd T
obag
oTh
aila
ndCo
lom
bia
Qata
rMo
nten
egro
Braz
ilLe
bano
nTu
nisia
Alge
ria
0102030405060708090
Percentage of students below proficiency level 2%
Singapore’s 15-year-olds are above the OECD average in each science category
Sing
apor
e
OECD
ave
rage
350
400
450
500
550
600
556
493
553
493
560
493
556
493
Mean performance in science (overall science scale)
Explain phenomena scientifically
Evaluate and design scientific enquiry Interpret data and evidence scientificallyScore points
The last decade has seen an
improvement in education equity.
Equity
Across OECD countries, disadvantaged students are almost 3 times more likely to be low
performers in science
Dom
inica
n Re
publ
icPe
ruFr
ance
B-S-
J-G (C
hina
)Ch
ileBe
lgiu
mSl
ovak
Rep
ublic
Switz
erla
ndNe
w Ze
alan
dAu
stria
Portu
gal
Aust
ralia
Urug
uay
Malta
Gree
ceLe
bano
nSl
oven
iaIta
lyFin
land
Neth
erla
nds
Braz
ilLit
huan
iaQa
tar
Denm
ark
Indo
nesia
Norw
ayUn
ited
Arab
Em
irate
sRu
ssia
Trin
idad
and
Tob
ago
Viet
Nam
Esto
nia
Latv
iaKo
sovo
Thai
land
Alge
ria
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Increased likelihood of students in the bottom quarter of ESCS scoring below Level 2 in science, relative to non-disadvantaged students (3 other quarters of ESCS1)
Odds ratio
Disadvantaged students ─ resilienceVi
et N
amHo
ng K
ong
(Chi
na)
Japa
nCh
ines
e Ta
ipei
Finla
ndSp
ain
Portu
gal
Latv
iaPo
land
Aust
ralia
Neth
erla
nds
Irela
ndSw
itzer
land
Belg
ium
Italy
Aust
riaCz
ech
Repu
blic
Croa
tiaTu
rkey
Luxe
mbo
urg
Thai
land
Slov
ak R
epub
licIsr
ael
Chile
Bulg
aria
Trin
idad
and
Tob
ago
Colo
mbi
aIn
done
siaBr
azil
Unite
d Ar
ab E
mira
tes
Geor
gia
Leba
non
Tuni
sia Peru
Dom
inica
n Re
publ
ic0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80Percentage of resilient students%
Resilient students come from the bottom 25% of the ESCS index within their country/econ-omy and perform among the top 25% across all countries/economies, after accounting for socioeconomic status
Percentage of low performers in science, by immigrant background
Esto
nia
Hong
Kon
g (C
hina
)Ca
nada
Sing
apor
eMa
cao
(Chi
na)
Switz
erla
ndGe
rman
yDe
nmar
kSl
oven
iaIre
land
Belg
ium
New
Zeal
and
Unite
d Ki
ngdo
mAu
stria
Neth
erla
nds
Norw
aySp
ain
Luxe
mbo
urg
Aust
ralia
Swed
enPo
rtuga
lUn
ited
Stat
esRu
ssia
Fran
ceCA
BA (A
rgen
tina)
OECD
ave
rage
Italy
Croa
tiaIsr
ael
Gree
ceCo
sta
Rica
Jord
anUn
ited
Arab
Em
irate
sQa
tar0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80Non-immigrant students Second-generation immigrant students First-generation immigrant students
Perc
enta
ge o
f low
per
form
ers
(bel
ow p
rofic
ienc
y Le
vel 2
)
Only countries where the immigrant student population >6.25% are shown
Students with an immigrant background ─ resilience
Hong
Kon
g (C
hina
)Ma
cao
(Chi
na)
Esto
nia
Sing
apor
eSp
ain
Portu
gal
Cana
daSw
itzer
land
Unite
d Ki
ngdo
mGe
rman
ySl
oven
iaAu
stra
liaNe
ther
land
sNe
w Ze
alan
dAu
stria
Belg
ium
OECD
ave
rage
Denm
ark
Norw
ayUn
ited
Stat
esIre
land
Swed
enFr
ance
Italy
Russ
iaCr
oatia
Luxe
mbo
urg
Gree
ceCA
BA (A
rgen
tina)
Israe
lCo
sta
Rica
Jord
anUn
ited
Arab
Em
irate
sQa
tar0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80Non-immigrant students Immigrant students%
Only countries where the immigrant student population
>6.25% are shown
Resilient students come from the bottom 25% of the ESCS index within their country/economy and perform
among the top 25% across all countries/economies, after taking socioeconomic status into account
Turk
eyVi
et N
amTu
nisia
Chin
ese
Taip
eiGr
eece
Czec
h Re
publ
icEs
toni
aFr
ance
CABA
(Arg
entin
a)Me
xico
Indo
nesia
Swed
enMa
ltaLa
tvia
B-S-
J-G (C
hina
)Sl
oven
iaUn
ited
King
dom
Norw
ayCr
oatia
Peru
Cost
a Ri
caCh
ileKo
rea
Cana
daIre
land
Trin
idad
and
Tob
ago
Germ
any
Leba
non
Pola
ndUn
ited
Arab
Em
irate
s
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
After accounting for socio-economic status
Scor
e-po
int d
iffer
ence
Public and private schools, and students’ science performance
Students in private schools perform better
Students in public schools perform better
The difference is not how good they are at
science but in their attitudes to science.
Gender
Dom
inica
n Re
publ
icAl
geria
Indo
nesiaPeru
Mexi
coAl
bani
aTh
aila
ndMo
nten
egro
Mold
ova
Braz
ilTr
inid
ad a
nd T
obag
oUr
ugua
yGr
eece
Unite
d Ar
ab E
mira
tes
CABA
(Arg
entin
a)Sl
ovak
Rep
ublic
Russ
iaHu
ngar
ySp
ain
Malta
Hong
Kon
g (C
hina
)Vi
et N
amPo
land
Czec
h Re
publ
icFr
ance
Portu
gal
Maca
o (C
hina
)Sl
oven
iaSw
itzer
land
Kore
aAu
stra
liaFin
land
New
Zeal
and
B-S-
J-G (C
hina
)Ja
pan0
5
10
15
20
25
30Boys Girls%
Gender differences among top performers in science
Expectations of a science career, boys and girls (OECD average)
...science and engineering professionals
...health professionals
...information and communication technology (ICT) professionals
...science-related technicians or as-sociate professionals
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Boys Girls
%
Students who expect to work as...
Top Related