PhotosynthesisPlant – multicellular eukaryotes that have cell walls made of cellulose and photosynthesize.
Billy
“stationary animals that eat sunlight”
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) One of the most important compounds that cells use.
Stores and releases energy - adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
ATP consists of adenine, a 5-carbon sugar called ribose, and three phosphate groups.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Adenosine diphosphate
(ADP) has two phosphate groups instead of three. ADP does not contain as much energy as ATP. Another P is added to ADP to form ATP.
Cells release the energy stored in ATP by breaking the bonds between the second and third phosphate groups.
Uses of ATP Powers protein pumps in the
cell membrane Powers cilia and flagella Power for synthesis of
proteins Powers motor proteins that
contract muscles Provides cell energy
How could a small seed become a giant tree?
Heterotroph – obtains energy from food it consumes
Autotroph – uses energy from the sun to produce food
Photosynthesis - autotrophs use the energy of sunlight to produce high-energy carbohydrates that can be used for food.
What is Light?
Light Speed, c = 2.9979 x 108 m/s
Or 670.6 million mph
Which type of light carries more energy, blue or red?
Why are plants usually green?
Electromagnetic SpectrumWave length and energy are inversely proportional
• The smaller the wave length, the more energy
• Blue light is high energy
• Red light is low energy
They reflect green light
Plant Pigments Pigments – light absorbing molecules Chlorophyll – the most abundant pigment
in plants, that absorbs blue and red light. Chlorophyll a - a blue-green pigment Chlorophyll b - a yellow-green pigment
Accessory Pigments Carotene - an orange pigment
Xanthophyll - a yellow pigment
Anthocyanin – a red pigment
Photosynthesis Takes place in the
chloroplast Thylakoids – saclike
photosynthetic membrane in the chloroplast
Grana – stacks of thylakoids
Stroma - the region outside of the thylakoid membranes
Photosynthesis (Overall)
Light
CO2H2O
Chloroplast
LIGHTREACTIONS(in thylakoids)
CALVINCYCLE
(in stroma)
NADP+
ADP
+ P
ATP
NADPH
O Sugar
Electrons
Light Dark
Factors Affecting Photosynthesis Shortage of water
H2O acts as the electron donor in the light dependent reaction
Temperature Photosynthesis is
controlled by enzymes that work best between 0 C and 35 C.
Light Intensity More light increases rate
of photosynthesis
Photosynthesis and respiration are complimentary processes.
Products of one are reactants for the other.
Lightenergy
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
6 CO2 6+ H2O
Carbon dioxide Water
C6H12O6 6+ O2
Glucose Oxygen gas
C6H12O6 CO26 H2O ATPs
Glucose Oxygen gas Carbon dioxide
6
Water Energy
O2 6+ + +
Respiration
Photosynthesis
Organize your thoughtsWorking in pairs at your tables please address the
following: What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis
(reactants/products) What is light? How does it play a role in
photosynthesis? Write down everything that you already know
about photosynthesis. Lastly, what is it that you don’t understand about
plants or photosynthesis?
Green Solar Cells1. What is responsible for the various shades of
green in plants?
2. What is the function of the stroma lamellae?
3. What evidence supports the theory that chloroplast were once invasive cells?
4. How is excess food stored?
5. How does the author define photosynthesis?
Light
CO2H2O
Chloroplast
LIGHTREACTIONS(in thylakoids)
CALVINCYCLE
(in stroma)
NADP+
ADP
+ P
ATP
NADPH
O Sugar
Electrons
Photosynthesis – Light and Dark Reactions
Light Dark
2
1 3
4
Dark Reaction (Calvin Cycle)
7._______
6._______
1._______
4._____________
3.___________
2._______________
5._____________
Homework (for Thurs. 12/9):
1.In text read pgs 230-2332.In 8.2 assessment on pg 234 answer question #1,2 and 3 all parts of each question
Using the light reaction diagram:
On your own, describe the four steps of the light reaction in your own words. Use complete sentences.
In your group:1. See if you can write the chemical
equation for photosynthesis (inputs and outputs)
2. What is the organelle in plant cells that is most involved with photosynthesis
3. Explain why this organelle captures energy
4. What is light?5. Make a list of things you already know
about photosynthesis
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