Perception in Motor Development
What is Perception?
• A multistage process that takes place in the BRAIN.
• It includes– Selection– Processing– Organization – Integration of Information received from the SENSES
Senses
• Sight - Visual • Hearing - Auditory• Smell - Olfactory• Taste • Touch - Tactile• Kinesthetic
Sensory or Sensation is…
• The neural activity triggered by some stimulus that activates a sensory receptor and results in sensory nerve impulses traveling the sensory nerve pathways to the brain, back to body and parts, body reacts & moves
• Stimulus examples are…– Light– Sound– Smell
• Stimulus in Athletics– Sprinter hears the gun– Outfielder hears the bat
hit the ball, sees the ball flying
– Golfer feels the ball hit the sweet spot
Kinesthetic Perception
• Tactile Localization• Multiple Tactile Points• Perception of Objects
• Perception of the Body– Body Awareness
• Laterality• Lateral Dominance• Limb Movements• Spatial Orientation
• Perception of Direction– Directionality
Proprioception
• Proprioception means "sense of self". – In the limbs, the proprioceptors are sensors that
provide information about joint angle, muscle length, and tension, which is integrated to give information about the position of the limb in space.
Kinesthetic Receptor
Location Perceives What
Muscle Spindles Muscles Joint Angle, Muscle Length, & Degree of tension
Golgi Tendon Muscle-tendon junctions
Change in tension
Proprioceptors
Joint Receptors
Joint Capsule & Ligaments
Direction, Rate, Extent of Joint Movement, Steady Position, Stationary Joint Position
Vestibular Apparatus
Inner Ear Rotation, Acceleration, Deceleration,Linear Movements (body position relative to gravity)
Cutaneous Receptors
Skin & Underlying Tissue
TouchTemperaturePain
“Like a Cat”
• Vestibular Apparatus is crucial to sport & especially sport activity that involves the body moving in space (spinning, twisting, rotating, etc.
• What are 3 specific sport examples whose athletes have a keen a vestibular apparatus or sense of body in space?
Visual Perception
• Perception of Size Constancy• Perception of Figure-and-Ground• Perception of Whole Objects versus Parts• Depth Perception• Perception of Spatial Orientation• Perception of Movement
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