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PEACH POSTHARVEST DISORDERS Corky Spot
Inking and/or Skin Burning
Double and Lack of Red Color
Split Pit
Internal Breakdown
Freezing Damage
Ammonium Damage
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PEACH AND NECTARINE CORKING
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OBSERVATIONSMost importantly, in seasons in which March and Apriltemperatures are significantly cooler than normal.
Check cultivars and avoid stimulating excessive vigor.
Of the options that are commonly available to growers,reduction of nitrogen and summer pruning offers thegreatest potential for reducing corking expression inorchards.
Trees should be summer pruned sometime in May orearly June by significantly reducing the number of totalgrowing points.
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Heavy summer pruning ~ 60 days BH reduced corking.right). Summer pruning reduces the competition betweengrowing shoots and developing fruits, allowing resource(s) tobe diverted to fruit.
Detailed view of heavy summer
pruning showing removal of many
shoot growth points.
SP
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WATER STRESS
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EXCESS NITROGEN
Excess nitrogen fertilization
(3.0%) did not increase fruit
yield or improve fruit quality.
Reduce red color formation.
Increase shoots, flowers
and fruit brown rotsusceptibility.
Increase OFM & PTB
damage.
Increase weight loss.
In peach, leaf N levels
between 2.8 and 3.0% were
sufficient for optimum crop
production.
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SPLIT PIT
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SPLIT PIT Peaches with split pit are flattened at end of the
fruit. Often symptoms are not seen until the fruit is
cut open. The pit is torn apart or split along the
dorsal-ventral suture.
Peach split pit is caused by cultural practices that
promote rapid growth such as excessive thinning ,
temperature changes, or irregular watering duringthe pit hardening stage.
Avoid thinning until after pits are mature and hard.
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INTERNALBREAKDOWN
Mealiness
Flesh browning
Lack of flavor
Failure to ripen
Lurie and Crisosto. 2005. Postharvest Biology and Technology 37: 195-208.
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Effect of Temperature on Carnival Peach Internal
Breakdown After Storage Plus 2 Days at 68F
0C 2.2C 5C
10C7.2C
Smith, W.H., 1934. Cold storage of Elberta peaches. Ice and Cold Storage. 37, 54-57.
Crisosto, et al., 1999. Susceptibility to chilling injury of peach, nectarine, and plum cultivars grown in California.
HortScience 34(6):1116-1118
Killing Temperature Range
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CULTIVAR CI SUSCEPTIBILITY
Some cultivars are consistently susceptiblesuggesting a
STRONG GENETIC INFLUENCE
Georgia Belle
OHenry
Rich Lady
Summer Grand
August Red
Sugar Giant
June Sun
May Glo
Spring Red Summer Lady
Autumn Rose
Parade
Carnival
Last ChanceRyan Sun
Elegant Lady
White Lady
Fay Elberta
Ruby Diamond Flavorcrest
0% of fruit 100% offruit
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Stone fruit temperature measured uponarrival at the retail warehouse after 3 daystruck shipment, 1996.
Percent of ShipmentPercent of Shipment
TemperatureTemperature NectarineNectarine PeachPeach PlumPlum
(F)(F) (n=103)(n=103) (n=102)(n=102) (n=87)(n=87)
50 15.715.7 14.714.7 24.024.0
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FORCED AIR
COOLING
1.0 CFM/LB
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5C 20 Days
0C 20 Days
20C 48 Hours + 5C 20 Days
20C 48 Hours + 0C 20 Days`
(43% Mealy)
(0% Mealy)(100% Mealy)
(0% Mealy)
Crisosto, Carlos H., David Garner, Harry L. Andris, and Kevin R. Day. Controlled delayed cooling extends peach marketlife. HortTechnology 14:99-104.
PEACH DELAYED COOLING
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Crisosto, C.H., D. Garner, H.L. Andris, and K.R. Day. 2004. Controlled delayed cooling extends peach market life.
HortTechnology 14(1): 99-104.
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Crisosto, C.H., R.S. Johnson, K.R. Day, B. Beede, and H. Andris. 1999. California Agriculture 53(1):19-23.
PEACH INKING
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Inking incidence of fruit sampled after transportation andpacking operations average of 'Flavorcrest', 'Elegant Lady',and 'O'Henry' peaches (1992).
SAMPLING LOCATIONTransportation Packinghouse
FRT(%)
0
20
40
60
80
100SD (%)
Cheng, G.W., Crisosto, C.H., 1994. J.
Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 119, 529-533.
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PEACH INKING
ANATOMICAL STUDIES
Crisosto, C.H., R.S. Johnson, and J. Luza. 1993.
J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 118(6):796-800.
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INKING
ABRASION CONTAMINATION
Cheng, G.W., Crisosto, C.H., 1994. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 119, 529-533.
Cheng, G.W., Crisosto, C.H., 1995. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 120, 835-838.
Cheng, G.W., Crisosto, C.H., 1997. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 122, 95-99.
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CAN WE IDENTIFY SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION?
Carlos H. Crisosto, Huating Dou, Gayle Crisosto, and Kevin R. Day. CTFA Report 2008.
15-21 DBH
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WHITE FLESH SKIN BURNING DISCOLORATION
Cantin, CM, Day, K, Crisosto, GM, Crisosto, CH. Central Valley Postharvest Newsletter 2009 Vol.18 No.2: 2-5.
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Postharvest white flesh skin burning incidence,for Snow Giant and Snow King after transportation
and after packing (2008).
0
5
10
15
20
Af ter Transportation Af ter Processing
Skinburningincidence
(%)
Carlos H. Crisosto, Huating Dou, Gayle Crisosto, and Kevin R. Day. CTFA Report 2008.
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PACKINGLINE DESIGNRECEIVING
Dumping
Washing-Brushing
Waxing
Sorting
Sizing
Packing
Cooling
(Room or FAC
LongWet
Long
Dry
Short
Dry
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Incidence of skin burning disorderaffected by type of cooling of Snow
Princess peach.
Snow Princess
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BRUSHING ANDWASHING
Free Chlorine 50-100ppm
We found that pH ranged
from 6.5-9.1. Most of the pH
water samples were found to
fall in a cluster of ~ 8.3.
In general our well and /or
tap water pH is ~7.4, but
when hypochlorite is applied,the pH increases from 7.4 to
9.0 depending on chlorine
dose concentration.
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pH 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0
No susceptible cultivar
Susceptible cultivar
Effect of high pH on skin burning disorder
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Tips to Prevent Skin Burning DisorderBased on our current work, it looks like the skin burningdisorder is triggered by the combination of physical damageduring harvesting-hauling combined with postharveststresses.
-Reduce physical damage during harvesting-postharvest
handling.
- Control your pH during washing-brushing.
- Use room cooling (R.C.) rather than forced air cooling (F.A.C).
- Reduce fruit water losses during harvesting-postharvesthandling.
- Get current information (web sites).
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Can we reduce physical damage duringharvesting and hauling?
TOP
BOTTOM
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TreatmentHarvesting System
Skin Discoloration Disorder (SSD)x Bin Position (mm2)
Field Packed X Top Position 0.6Field Packed X Bottom Position 2.0
Totes X Top Position 28.0Totes X Bottom Position 9.1
Half-bins X Top Position 30.4Half-bins X Bottom Position 31.6
Potential inking damage of Snow Giant peachpicked using three harvesting systems.
VERY DIFFICULT & EXPENSIVE!
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AMMONIUM DAMAGE
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AMMONIUM DAMAGE
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FREEZING DAMAGE
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Where can we get postharvest information?
For information contact:[email protected]
http://postharvest.ucdavis.edu.http://fruitandnuts.ucdavis.edu
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