Peach Postharvest Disorders - Crisosto

7/30/2019 Peach Postharvest Disorders - Crisosto

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PEACH POSTHARVEST DISORDERS Corky Spot

Inking and/or Skin Burning

Double and Lack of Red Color

Split Pit

Internal Breakdown

Freezing Damage

Ammonium Damage


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PEACH AND NECTARINE CORKING


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OBSERVATIONSMost importantly, in seasons in which March and Apriltemperatures are significantly cooler than normal.

Check cultivars and avoid stimulating excessive vigor.

Of the options that are commonly available to growers,reduction of nitrogen and summer pruning offers thegreatest potential for reducing corking expression inorchards.

Trees should be summer pruned sometime in May orearly June by significantly reducing the number of totalgrowing points.


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Heavy summer pruning ~ 60 days BH reduced corking.right). Summer pruning reduces the competition betweengrowing shoots and developing fruits, allowing resource(s) tobe diverted to fruit.

Detailed view of heavy summer

pruning showing removal of many

shoot growth points.

SP


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WATER STRESS


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EXCESS NITROGEN

Excess nitrogen fertilization

(3.0%) did not increase fruit

yield or improve fruit quality.

Reduce red color formation.

Increase shoots, flowers

and fruit brown rotsusceptibility.

Increase OFM & PTB

damage.

Increase weight loss.

In peach, leaf N levels

between 2.8 and 3.0% were

sufficient for optimum crop

production.


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SPLIT PIT


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SPLIT PIT Peaches with split pit are flattened at end of the

fruit. Often symptoms are not seen until the fruit is

cut open. The pit is torn apart or split along the

dorsal-ventral suture.

Peach split pit is caused by cultural practices that

promote rapid growth such as excessive thinning ,

temperature changes, or irregular watering duringthe pit hardening stage.

Avoid thinning until after pits are mature and hard.


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INTERNALBREAKDOWN

Mealiness

Flesh browning

Lack of flavor

Failure to ripen

Lurie and Crisosto. 2005. Postharvest Biology and Technology 37: 195-208.


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Effect of Temperature on Carnival Peach Internal

Breakdown After Storage Plus 2 Days at 68F

0C 2.2C 5C

10C7.2C

Smith, W.H., 1934. Cold storage of Elberta peaches. Ice and Cold Storage. 37, 54-57.

Crisosto, et al., 1999. Susceptibility to chilling injury of peach, nectarine, and plum cultivars grown in California.

HortScience 34(6):1116-1118

Killing Temperature Range


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CULTIVAR CI SUSCEPTIBILITY

Some cultivars are consistently susceptiblesuggesting a

STRONG GENETIC INFLUENCE

Georgia Belle

OHenry

Rich Lady

Summer Grand

August Red

Sugar Giant

June Sun

May Glo

Spring Red Summer Lady

Autumn Rose

Parade

Carnival

Last ChanceRyan Sun

Elegant Lady

White Lady

Fay Elberta

Ruby Diamond Flavorcrest

0% of fruit 100% offruit


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Stone fruit temperature measured uponarrival at the retail warehouse after 3 daystruck shipment, 1996.

Percent of ShipmentPercent of Shipment

TemperatureTemperature NectarineNectarine PeachPeach PlumPlum

(F)(F) (n=103)(n=103) (n=102)(n=102) (n=87)(n=87)

50 15.715.7 14.714.7 24.024.0


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FORCED AIR

COOLING

1.0 CFM/LB


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5C 20 Days

0C 20 Days

20C 48 Hours + 5C 20 Days

20C 48 Hours + 0C 20 Days`

(43% Mealy)

(0% Mealy)(100% Mealy)

(0% Mealy)

Crisosto, Carlos H., David Garner, Harry L. Andris, and Kevin R. Day. Controlled delayed cooling extends peach marketlife. HortTechnology 14:99-104.

PEACH DELAYED COOLING


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Crisosto, C.H., D. Garner, H.L. Andris, and K.R. Day. 2004. Controlled delayed cooling extends peach market life.

HortTechnology 14(1): 99-104.


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Crisosto, C.H., R.S. Johnson, K.R. Day, B. Beede, and H. Andris. 1999. California Agriculture 53(1):19-23.

PEACH INKING


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Inking incidence of fruit sampled after transportation andpacking operations average of 'Flavorcrest', 'Elegant Lady',and 'O'Henry' peaches (1992).

SAMPLING LOCATIONTransportation Packinghouse

FRT(%)

0

20

40

60

80

100SD (%)

Cheng, G.W., Crisosto, C.H., 1994. J.

Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 119, 529-533.


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PEACH INKING

ANATOMICAL STUDIES

Crisosto, C.H., R.S. Johnson, and J. Luza. 1993.

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 118(6):796-800.


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INKING

ABRASION CONTAMINATION

Cheng, G.W., Crisosto, C.H., 1994. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 119, 529-533.

Cheng, G.W., Crisosto, C.H., 1995. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 120, 835-838.

Cheng, G.W., Crisosto, C.H., 1997. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 122, 95-99.


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CAN WE IDENTIFY SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION?

Carlos H. Crisosto, Huating Dou, Gayle Crisosto, and Kevin R. Day. CTFA Report 2008.

15-21 DBH


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WHITE FLESH SKIN BURNING DISCOLORATION

Cantin, CM, Day, K, Crisosto, GM, Crisosto, CH. Central Valley Postharvest Newsletter 2009 Vol.18 No.2: 2-5.


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Postharvest white flesh skin burning incidence,for Snow Giant and Snow King after transportation

and after packing (2008).

0

5

10

15

20

Af ter Transportation Af ter Processing

Skinburningincidence

(%)

Carlos H. Crisosto, Huating Dou, Gayle Crisosto, and Kevin R. Day. CTFA Report 2008.


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PACKINGLINE DESIGNRECEIVING

Dumping

Washing-Brushing

Waxing

Sorting

Sizing

Packing

Cooling

(Room or FAC

LongWet

Long

Dry

Short

Dry


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Incidence of skin burning disorderaffected by type of cooling of Snow

Princess peach.

Snow Princess


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BRUSHING ANDWASHING

Free Chlorine 50-100ppm

We found that pH ranged

from 6.5-9.1. Most of the pH

water samples were found to

fall in a cluster of ~ 8.3.

In general our well and /or

tap water pH is ~7.4, but

when hypochlorite is applied,the pH increases from 7.4 to

9.0 depending on chlorine

dose concentration.


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pH 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0

No susceptible cultivar

Susceptible cultivar

Effect of high pH on skin burning disorder


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Tips to Prevent Skin Burning DisorderBased on our current work, it looks like the skin burningdisorder is triggered by the combination of physical damageduring harvesting-hauling combined with postharveststresses.

-Reduce physical damage during harvesting-postharvest

handling.

- Control your pH during washing-brushing.

- Use room cooling (R.C.) rather than forced air cooling (F.A.C).

- Reduce fruit water losses during harvesting-postharvesthandling.

- Get current information (web sites).


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Can we reduce physical damage duringharvesting and hauling?

TOP

BOTTOM


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TreatmentHarvesting System

Skin Discoloration Disorder (SSD)x Bin Position (mm2)

Field Packed X Top Position 0.6Field Packed X Bottom Position 2.0

Totes X Top Position 28.0Totes X Bottom Position 9.1

Half-bins X Top Position 30.4Half-bins X Bottom Position 31.6

Potential inking damage of Snow Giant peachpicked using three harvesting systems.

VERY DIFFICULT & EXPENSIVE!


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AMMONIUM DAMAGE


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AMMONIUM DAMAGE


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FREEZING DAMAGE


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Where can we get postharvest information?

For information contact:[email protected]

http://postharvest.ucdavis.edu.http://fruitandnuts.ucdavis.edu

Peach Postharvest Disorders - Crisosto

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