BAGIAN SATU
BAGIAN SATU.PART OF SPEECH
NOUN
: Desk, chair, door,
student, and so onVERB
: To go, to work, to learn,
to sing, and so onADJECTIVE
: Good, bad, clever,
and so onADVERB
: Slowly, quickly, and so onPRONOUN
: Personal pronouns)
I, you, he, she, it and so onPREPOSITION
: at, in, upon, and so onCONJUNCTION
: and, therefore, because, while, whereas, although, and so on INTERJECTION
: Hello, Hi, and so on.Patokan-patokan kalimat:
1. Susunan kalimat paling sederhana, harus terdiri dari subject, Predicate, dan Object (tujuan ) = S + P + O . Example: I write a letter2. Kalimat harus ada subject dan predicate, kalau tak lengkap tidak sah. Contoh It is good. It dan is tidak mempunyai arti apa-apa, kecuali melengkapi kalimat saja. 3. Dlm bhs Inggris verb pertama tidak boleh memakai to, namun verb berikutnya harus menggunakan to, kecuali telah dipisahkan oleh kata sambung. Contoh: I go to learn to speak English. I want to go to the school because I want to learn to speak English.4. Dalam bhs Inggris harus ada kata kerja , kalau tidak ada tidak sah. Bila tidak ada kata kerjanya diganti dengan kata Bantu kata kerja Auxiliary(ogzeleri) verb: Yakni to be (are, am, is).
It is good, I am poor, He is rich, They are glad
I
: Orang pertama tunggal .am
We
: Orang pertama jamakare
You
: Orang kedua tunggal/jamakare
He, she, it : Orang ketiga tunggal..is
They
: Orang ketiga jamak are
5. Dalam kalimat dengan orang ketiga tunggal, maka kata kerja pertama harus ditambah s, atau es tergantung bentuk kata kerja, seterusnya bila ada kata kerja lagi, tetap saja, kecuali dipisahkan oleh kata sambung seperti halnya penggunaan to pada kata kerja.He works hard to make a toy.He works hard to make a toy while learns hard to prepare oral examination.
Tambahan s ini akan hilang manakala ada kata kerja Bantu/ kata Bantu kata kerja (auxiliary verb) seperti halnya: can, may,must,shall,will etc. masuk antara subject dan predicate itu. Namun bila yang masuk adalah kata-kata seperti: often, seldom, sometimes, always, immediately, soon etc, (adverb of frequency) hal itu tidak mempengaruhi tambahan s tersebut.Contoh: He often works hard to make a toy. Tetapi He can ( will, must etc) work hard to make a toy.6. Pada kalimat yang menyatakan terjadi pada masa lampau, maka perubahan kata kerja hanya terjadi pada kata kerja pertama, kecuali telah dipisahkan oleh kata sambung, maka akan mulai sebagai kalimat baru lagi.
Contoh: He went to see the doctor for a check up while Hardi worked hard to do his home work yesterday.7. Seterusnya perubahan-perubahan kata kerja pada situasi apapun pada tenses (bentukbentuk kata kerja berdasarkan waktu) hanya terjadi pada kata kerja pertama Exercises: Translate to Inglish
1. Seorang perawat bekerja keras merawat seorang pasien baru di bangsal A sedangkan seorang bidan desa bekerja keras merawat ibu hamil di polindes Sukamaju. Buatlah bentuk present tense dan past tense)2. Dokter Yudi akan berangkat ke Puskesmas Kaliamba untuk menemui dokter Hadi sedangkan, Weni dia seorang perawat ingin pergi ke rumah sakit Budiwaras menunjungi beberapa pasien di bangsal B dan C3. Hardi, is kepala bangsal A, biasanya dating awal, tetapi kali ini ia dating terlambat karena ibunya sakit.4. Seorang mahasiswa fakultas (sekolah tinggi) keperawatan Depkes akan pergi ke laboratorium komputer mengerjakan karya tulis ilmiahnya.5. Kemarin, ibunya Meli melahirkan aanak ke duanya ketika suaminya sedang bekerja di kantor menulis surat dinas.BAGIAN DUA
KATA BANTU KATA KERJA/ KATA KERJA BANTU
(AUXILIARY VERB)Ada tiga macam bentuk Kata Bantu Kata Kerja atau Kata Kerja Bantu (Auxiliary Verb):
a. Principal auxiliaries (Kata kerja-kata kerja Bantu utama), yakni to be, to have, to do.b. Modal Auxiliaries (kata Bantu-kata Bantu pengandaian), yakni: can, may, must, shall, will, ought to, could, might, has to, have to, should, would.c. Semi modals : to need, to dare, used to.
Contoh-contoh dalam kalimat
a. Principal auxiliaries
To be
: I am here, she is there; They are happy
To have : I have lived in Yogyakarta since 2000 (Perfect tense)To do
: Do, does, did, (question tag)
Do you go to the hospital?
You dont go to the hospital
b. Modal auxiliaries
Seperti halnya auxiliary yang lain digunakan untuk membantu kalimat bertanya dan menyangkal, akan tetapi ada beberapa pengertian khusus untuk beberapa modal, misalnya could dan might, Could, tidak harus merupakan kata lampau (past), akan tetapi Could bisa untuk masa sekarang (present) lampau (past) atau yang akan datang (future). Dalam hal ini Could, digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu permintaan yang sopan bisa untuk masa sekarang (present).Contoh:
Present
: Could you pass that pencil, please?Bisakah Anda tolong ambilkan pensil itu?Future
: He could go to visit her tomorrow. : Dia bisa pergi mengunjungi besok.Past
: Nobody could attend the meeting yesterday : Tidak seorangpun dapat menghadiri rapat kemarin.Mengenai might. Might, lebih umum digunakan untuk menyatakan ketidak pastian daripada may.Contoh
:
A. I have a stomach ache: saya sakit perutB. It might be something youve eaten: Itu mungkin karena sesuatu yang kamu makan.Might and May untuk kalimat negative tidak boleh di singkat mightt or maynt tetapi harus might not or may not.
c. Semi modalsDikatakan semi modal karena bisa berfungsi sebagai modal, bisa juga sebagai kata kerja biasa.
Contoh:
Modal
: He need not go (ia tak perlu pergi)Verb
: He doesnt need to go (Ia tak perlu pergi)Modal
: He need go ( ia perlu pergi)Verb
: He needs to go (ia memerlukan pergi)Modal
: He dare climb the tree (ia berani memanjat pohon itu)Verb
: He dares to climb the tree (ia berani memanjat pohon itu)Mengenai needNeed, bila berfungsi sebagai kata kerja diikuti infinitive Hal ini bila subject-nya makhluk hidup. Namun bila subject-nya benda mati, need diikuti oleh gerund atau verb + to be + past participle.
Contoh:
a. The grass in the house yard needs to cut..(salah)
b. The grass in the house yard needs to cutting(benar)
c. The grass in the house yard need to be cut ..(benar)Need bisa diganti dengan ungkapan in need of. Ini bukan kata kerja.Contoh: Yuli is in need of more money to buy some medicine. : Yuli perlu uang lebih banyak untuk membeli obat. Used To
Sebagai modal, hanya digunakan dalam bentuk lampau (Kebiasaan masa lampau, sekarang tidak lagi)Contoh:Modal
: I used to smoke, but I gave up a couple of years ago: Saya dulu merokok, tetapi saya berhenti saya berhenti beberapa tahun laluAdjective : I am used to the noise from the traffic light now.: Saya sekarang terbiasa dengan keramaian lalu lintas.
: Dont worry, youll soon get used to his sense of humor : Jangan khawatir, kamu akan segera terbiasa dengan kebiasaan melucunya.BAGIAN TIGA
ENAM BELAS BENTUK WAKTU
(TENSES)
1. Simple Present Tense (waktu sekarang umumnya untuk menyatakan kebiasaan) Rumus: SUBJECT + V-1 ( a Nurse Works in hospital )TENSESSUBJECTVERBADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
SIMPLE PRESENTPeristiwa rutin berlaku waktu sekarangThey
We
I You
He
She
ItWorkworksIn hospitaleveryday
Keterangan: a. Ciri waktu yang sering diguakan adalah semua kata-kata yang masuk Adverb of Frequency.
b. Cara menambah s/es pada verb dengan subject orang ketiga tunggal.
2. Simple Past Tense (waktu lampau tidak ada hubungannya dengan sekarang. Rumus: SUBJECT + V-11 ( She went to see the doctort for chek up yrsterday)TENSESSUBJECTVERB ADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
SIMPLE PASTThey
We
I
You
He
She
ItWorkedWent to see the doctor In the hospitalFor a check upLast yearyesterday
Keterangan:Cara menambah ed pada verb lampau. See regular/ irregular Verb3. Prsent Continuous Tense/Progressive Form ( waktu sedang yakni peristiwa sedang berlangsung saat kita berbicara) Rumus: SUBJECT + TO BE + VERB + ING ( A Nurse is cleaning a mattress in a ward at the moment )TENSESSUBJECTVERBADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
PRESENT CONTINUOUSI
They
We
You
He
She
ItAm WorkingAre working
Is workingIn the hospital
Now /at this moment)
Keterangan: a. Cara menambah ing pada verb present participle:1. Huruf akhir e, hilangkan e tersebut: to love loving
Ie Y to die dying2. Satu konsonan yang diketahui huruf hidup pendek, gandakan konsonannya
To prefer preferring
To admid adimiting
3. L gandakan L-nya ketika didahului oleh konsonan pendek berkenaan atau tidak: to travel travelingTetapi: to fool fooling (huruf hidup panjang)
b. Ada beberapa kata kerja tidak bisa digunakan pada present continuous tense (progressive Form) untuk bentuk present participle.
1. Kata kerja kaitannya dengan pancaindera (Verb os sense): feel, look, hear, see, smell, taste, notice, observe, listening, stare, watching, dsb. Contoh: You look pale tidak boleh ( you looking pale)2. Kata kerja kaitannya dengan perasaan (Verb of emosion): admire, care for, desire, dislike, like, hate, fear, etc.
3. kata kerja kaitannya dengan kegiatan mental (verb of mental activity): assume, agree, believe, expect, forget, know,. etc4. Kata kerja kaitannya dengan kepemilikan (verb possession): belong, own, possess.4. Past Continuous Tense (waktu lampau sedang kegiatan masih dilakukan di waktu lampau) Rumus : SUBJECT + WAS/WERE + VERB + ING ( at four oclok yesterday, she was working in a children ward : pukul empat kemarin ia sedang bekerja di bangsal anak-anak.)TENSESSUBJECTVERBADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
PAST CONTINUOUSI
They
We
You
He
She
ItWas workingWere workingWas workingIn the hospital
At five oclock Yesterday, waktu yang sering digunakan when, whle, as, at (waktu) fromto..
5. Present Perfect Tense (waktu kini selesai) Rumus SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + V.111.
Pedoman:
a. Kegiatan yang tak disebutkan waktunya di masa lampau (Henri has worked in a local government clinic. (Henri sudah bekerja di sebuah Puskesmas)
b. Kegiatan yang terjadi lebih dari satu kali di masa lampau ( Henri has taken a sick leave there times this year.(Henri telah mengambil tiga kali cuti sakit tahun ini)
c. Kegiatan yang terjadi di masa lampau dan saat ini masih berlangsung. Hal ini sama dengan rumus Present Perfect Continuous tense. She has worked in a village birthing hut since 2000 = Birthing hut since 2000 (Ia telah bekerja di Polindes sejak tahun 2000) sekarang masih bekerja di Polindes itu.
Masih berlangsung
Sejak 200 sekarang
Keterangan waktu yang lazim di gunakan dalam bentu ini adalah: this Morning, This week, this year, now, today, in his life. Bila kita berbicara dengan keterangan waktu Today (hari ini), sehari itu adalah 12 jam.
Misalnya kita mengatakanThis morning bila mengatakannya jam 09.00 pagi, akan berbeda dengan kika mengatakannya sore jam 17.00 (5 p.m)
Perhatikan contoh di bawah ini:
I have written a letter this morning Perfect Tense. Berbicaranya missal jam 9 pagi
I wrote a letter this morning past tense Berbicaranya missal jam 5 petang
TENSESSUBJECTVERBADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
PRESENT PREFECTI
They
We
You
He
She
ItHave worked
Has workedIn the hospital
Today
( yang mengatakan hari ini)
6. Past perfect Tense (waktu lampau selesai)
a. Tindakan terjadi seblum tindakan yang lain, di waktu lampau.
b. Keadaan berkelanjutan di waktu lampau)
Rumus : SUBJECT + HAD + V.111 a. I had worked in the hospital before you went to London (saya letah bekerja di Rumah Sakit sebelum kamu pergi ke London tahyn lalau)
b. I had lived in Yogyakarta for ten years before I moved to Jakarta (sya telah tiggal di Yogyakarta selama sepuluh tahun sebelum saya pindah ke Jakarta)
1 2 3
Past Perfect Simple past Now
TENSESSUBJECTVERBADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
PAS PREFECT
1. Tindakan terjadi sebelum tindakan yang lain di waktu lampau
2. Keadaan berkelanjutan di waktu lampauI
They
We
You
He
She
ItHad worked
Had livedIn the hospital
In Yogyakarta
Before I/you/etc when to London last year.For ten years before he moved to Jakarta
7. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (waktu selesai sedang Kegiatan dari masa lampau dan sampai sekarang masih berlangsung. Sama dengan 5 c) Rumus : SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + VERB + ING ( He has been working in village birthing hut since 2000 = she has worked in a village birthing hut since 2000TENSESSUBJECTVERBADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSEI
They
We
You
He
She
ItHave been working
Has been workingIn a hospital
Since 2000 (Peristiwa berlangsung dari lampau sampai sekarang masih berlasung)
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense ( waktu lampau selesai sedang-kegiatan sudah mulai, masih berlangsung di waktu lampau) Rumus: SUBJECT + HAD + BEEN + VERB + ING ( she had been working in sub health centre when dr. Hadi came here in 2000 = dia telah bekerja di pustu itu ketika dr. hadi dating di tahun 2000)TENSESSUBJECTVERBADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Kegiatan sudah mulai dan masih berlangsung di waktu lampauI
You
We
They
He
She
ItHad been working
In the hospital
For years when dr. John came here in 2000
9. Future Tense ( waktu yang akan datang) Rumus : SUBJECT +SHALL/WILL + VERB ( She will clean the medication cart tomorrow afternoon = ia akan membersihkan troli besok sore)TENSESSUBJECTVERBADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
FUTUREI
We
You
They
He
She
ItShall work
Will workIn the hospital
Next month
10. Future Past Tense (waktu nanti/akan dating,lampau) Rumus: SUBJECT +SHOULD/WOULD +VERB ( I should take the invalid chair when the patient came yesterday (saya akan mengambil kursi dorong katika pasien datang kemarin)
TENSESSUBJECTVERBADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
FUTURE PASTI
We
You
They
He
She
ItShould work
Would workIn the hospital
Yesterday month
11. Future Continuous Tense (waktu nanti/akan datang sedang kegiatan akan sedang terjadi). Rumus : SUBJECT + SHALL/WILL + BE + VERB + ING ( she will be working in the village medicine post at ten oclock tomorrow morning = ia sedang bekerja di post obat Desa pada jam 10 besok pagi)TENSESSUBJECTVERBADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
FUTURE CONTINUOUSI
We
You
They
He
She
ItShall be working
Will be workingIn the hospital
At ten oclock tomorrow morning
12. Future Past Continuous Tense (waktu lampau nanti sedang, sedang akan dilkakukan di waktu lampau) Rumus: SUBJECT + SHALL/WILL + BE + VERB + ING. ( W e should be working in tha subbdistres ealth center at this time yesterday (kami sedang akan bekerja di puskesmas pada wakyu seperti sekarang ini, kemarin.) TENSESSUBJECTVERBADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
FUTURE PAST CONTINUOUSI
We
You
They
He
She
ItShould be working
Would be workingIn the hospital
At this time yesterday
13. Future Perfect Tense(waktu nanti/akan datang, selesai kegiatan telah dimulai di waktu lampau dan segera selesai si waktu akan dating) rumus: SUBJECT + SHALL/WILL + HAVE + III.(She will have worked in the office of Maternal and Child Health office by the end of next month (ia telah akan bekerja di kantor KIA pada akhir bulan depan)
TENSESSUBJECTVERBADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
FUTURE PERFECTI
We
You
They
He
She
ItShall have worked
Will have workedIn the hospital
By the end of next month
14. Future Past Perfect Tense (waktu nanti lampau, pengandaian, tidak peernah terjadi) Rumus SUBJECT SHOULD/WOULD + HAVE + III.( He would have worked in WHO if he had moved to America (ia telah akan bekerja di Badan kesehatan Dunia jika ia telah pindah ke Amerika)Kenyataannya ia tidak pindah ke amerika.TENSESSUBJECTVERBADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
FUTURE PAST PERFECTI
We
You
They
He
She
ItShould have worked
Would have workedIn the hospital
If I had move to YogyakartaKeterangan: ini pengandaian, tdk terjadi krn tdk pindah Ke Yogyakarta
15. Future Perfect Continuous Tenses (waktu nanti/akan dating,lampau selesai sedang dimulai di waktu lampau berlanjut masa akan dating! Rumus: SUBJECT + SHALL/WILL + HAVE + BEEN + VERB + ING. (I should have been working in the public health centre for 5 years dr.John visited my office last years (saya telah sedang bekerja selama 5 tahun ketika dr. John mengunjungi kantor saya tahun lalu)TENSESSUBJECTVERBADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUSI
We
You
They
He
She
ItShall have been working
Will have been workigIn the hospital
For five years, by the end of next month
16. Future Past Perfect Continuous Tense( waktu nanti/akan datang, lampau selesai sedang waktu sudah sedang akan berlangsung pada waktu lampau) Rumus: SUBJECT + SHOULD/WOULD + HAVE + BEEN + VERB + ING.I should have been working in the public health centre for 5 years when dr. John Visited my office last year ) Saya telah sedang akan bekerja liama tahun ketika dr, John mengunjungi kantor saya tahun lalu)TENSESSUBJECTVERBADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUSI
We
You
They
He
She
ItShould had been workingWould have been workingIn hospitalFor five years when dr. John visited the hospital last year
Keterangan:1. I
= Verb: Present
2. II
= Verb: Past
3. III
= Verb: Past participle
4. Verb + ing
= Present Participle
5. Continuous Tense = Progressive Form
BAGIAN EMPAT
BENTUK NEGATIFTENSESSUBJECTVERBADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
SIMPLE PRESENT
Peristiwa rutin berlaku waktu sekarangThey
We
I
You
He
She
ItDont Work
Doesnt workIn hospitaleveryday
TENSESSUBJECTVERB ADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
SIMPLE PASTThey
We
I
You
He
She
ItDidnt Work
In the hospital
Last year
yesterday
TENSESSUBJECTVERBADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
They
WeYou
I
He
She
ItAre not WorkingAm not workingIs not workingIn hospitalnow
TENSESSUBJECTVERB ADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
PAST CONTINUOUSI
You
We
They
He
She
ItWasnt Working
Werent workingWasnt workingIn the hospital
For a check up
TENSESSUBJECTVERB ADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
PRESENT PERFECTThey
We
I
You
He
She
ItHavent Worked
Hasnt workedIn the hospital
TENSESSUBJECTVERB ADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
PAST PERFECTThey
We
I
You
He
She
ItHadnt Worked
In the hospital
TENSESSUBJECTVERB ADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUSThey
We
I
You
He
She
ItHave been WorkingHas been working
In the hospital
Since 1998 (peristiwa berlangsung dari lampau sampai sekarang masih berlangsung)
TENSESSUBJECTVERB ADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUSThey
We
I
You
He
She
ItHadnt been Working
In the hospital
TENSESSUBJECTVERB ADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
FUTUREWe
I
They
You
He
She
ItShant Work
Wont workIn the hospital
Next month
TENSESSUBJECTVERB ADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
FUTURE PASTWe
I
They
You
He
She
ItShouldnt Work
Wouldnt workIn the hospital
TENSESSUBJECTVERB ADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
FUTURE CONTINUOUSWe
I
They
You
He
She
ItShant be WorkingWont be workingIn the hospital
TENSESSUBJECTVERB ADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
FUTURE PAST CONTINUOUSKegiatan yang akan sedang dilkakukan di waktu lampau We
I
They
You
He
She
ItShouldnt be Working
Wouldnt be workingIn the hospital
TENSESSUBJECTVERB ADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
FUTURE PEERFECTWe
I
They
You
He
She
ItShant have WorkedWont have workedIn the hospital
TENSESSUBJECTVERB ADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
FUTURE PAST CONTINOUSWe
I
They
You
He
She
ItShant have workedwont have workedIn the hospital
TENSESSUBJECTVERB ADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUSWe
I
They
You
He
She
ItShant have been working
Wont have been workingIn the hospital
TENSESSUBJECTVERB ADV OF PLACEADV OF TIME
FUTURE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUSWe
I
They
You
He
She
ItShouldnt have been working
Wouldnt have been workingIn the hospital
BENTUK INTEROGATIFTENSESTO BE SUBJECTVERBADV of PLACEADV of TIME
SIMPLE PRESENTDODOESIThey
We
You
HESHE
ITWORKIN THE HOSPITALEVERYDAY
TENSESTO BE SUBJECTVERBADV of PLACEADV of TIME
SIMPLE PASTDID
I
They
We
You
HE
SHE
ITWORKIN THE HOSPITALLAST YEAR
TENSESTO BE SUBJECTVERBADV of PLACEADV of TIME
PRESENT
CONTINUOUSAM
ARE
ISI
They
We
You
HE
SHE
ITWORKINGIN THE HOSPITALNOW
TENSESTO BE SUBJECTVERBADV of PLACEADV of TIME
PAST
CONTINUOUSWAS
WERE
WASI
They
We
You
HE
SHE
ITWORKINGIN THE HOSPITALNOW
TENSESTO BE SUBJECTVERBADV of PLACEADV of TIME
PRESENT PEERFECT
HAVE
HASI
you
They
We
HE
SHE
ITWORKEDIN THE HOSPITAL
TENSESTO BE SUBJECTVERBADV of PLACEADV of TIME
PAST PEERFECT
HAD
I
They
We
You
HE
SHE
ITWORKEDIN THE HOSPITAL
TENSESTO BE SUBJECTVERBADV of PLACEADV of TIME
PRESENT PEERFECT CONTINUOUS
HAVE
HASI
They
We
You
HE
SHE
ITBEEN WORKINGIN THE HOSPITALSINCE 1998
TENSESTO BE SUBJECTVERBADV of PLACEADV of TIME
PAST PEERFECT CONTINUOUS
HAD
I
They
We
You
HE
SHE
ITBEEN WORKINGIN THE HOSPITAL
TENSESTO BE SUBJECTVERBADV of PLACEADV of TIME
FUTURE
SHALL
WILLI
WE
They
You
HE
SHE
ITWORKIN THE HOSPITALNEXT MONTH
TENSESTO BE SUBJECTVERBADV of PLACEADV of TIME
FUTURE PAST
SHOULD
WOULDI
We
You
THEY
HE
SHE
ITWORKIN THE HOSPITAL
TENSESTO BE SUBJECTVERBADV of PLACEADV of TIME
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
SHALL
WILLI
We
You
THEY
HE
SHE
ITBE WORKINGIN THE HOSPITAL
TENSESTO BE SUBJECTVERBADV of PLACEADV of TIME
FUTURE PAST CONTINUOUS
SHOULD
WOULDI
We
You
THEY
HE
SHE
ITBE WORKINGIN THE HOSPITAL
TENSESTO BE SUBJECTVERBADV of PLACEADV of TIME
FUTURE PERFECT
SHALL
WILLI
We
You
THEY
HE
SHE
ITHAVE WORKEDIN THE HOSPITAL
TENSESTO BE SUBJECTVERBADV of PLACEADV of TIME
FUTURE PAST PERFECT
SHOULD
WOULDI
We
You
THEY
HE
SHE
ITHAVE WORKEDIN THE HOSPITAL
TENSESTO BE SUBJECTVERBADV of PLACEADV of TIME
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
SHALL
WILLI
We
You
THEY
HE
SHE
ITHAVE BEEN INGIN THE HOSPITAL
TENSESTO BE SUBJECTVERBADV of PLACEADV of TIME
FUTURE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
SHOULD
WOULDI
We
You
THEY
HE
SHE
ITHAVE BEEN WORKINGIN THE HOSPITAL
BAGIAN ENAM
PASSIVE VOICE(KALIMAT PASIF )
RUMUS: SUBJECT + TO BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
(S + TO BE + III
Present and Past:ACTIVEPASSIVE
Present Simple 1. A nurse cleans ward every day2. My friends never invite me to the meeting3. How do make herbal medicine?This ward is cleaned by a nurse everydayI am never invited to the meeting by my friends
How is herbal medicine made (by them)
Past simple1. A nurse cleaned this ward yesterday 2. My friends didnt invite me to the meeting3. When did they build this hospital?This ward was cleaned by a nurse yesterdayI wasnt invited to the meeting (by my friends).When was this hospital built?
ACTIVEPASSIVE
Present Continuous 1. They are building a new hospital at the moment (=it isnt finish yet )2. Department of health are building some new hospital in Jakarta
A new hospital is being built at the momentSome new hospital are being built in Jakarta
Past ContinuousWhen I was there three years ago, they were building a new hospital.When I was three tree years ago , a new hospital was being built
ACTIVEPASSIVE
Present perfect The sheets of this ward are clean. A nurse has washed them
A. nurse has taken an invalid chair.
The sheets of this ward are clean. They have been washed by a nurse.An invalid chair has been taken by a nurse,
Past perfectDr. Hadi said that a nurse had taken a wheel chair (for a patient).Dr. Hadi said that a wheel chair had been taken by a nurse (for a patient)
Will/can/must/have to etcActivePassive
1. A nurse will clean the ward tomorrow.2. A nurse must clean a bed (in the ward)3. I think theyll invite you to the morning4. They cant repair the backrest (of the bad in the ward of this hospital)
5. You should wash this sunken-mat by hand
6. They are going to build a new village birthing hut7. She has to wash these pillowcase
8. The people had to take the injured man to the community health centre.
1. The ward will be cleaned by a nurse.2. A bed (in a ward) must be cleaned by a nurse.
3. I think youll be invited to meeting4. The backrest (of the bad in the ward of this hospital) cant be repaired5. This sanken-mat should be washed by hand6. A new village birthing hut is going to be built.
7. These pillowcase have to be washed (by her)8. The injured man had to be taken to the community health centre.
BAGIAN TUJUH
CONVERSATIONS
LEARN BY HARD
1. INTRODUCTION ( perkenalan) Infinitive : to introduction2. GREETING (salam ) : to greet
3. LEAVE TAKING ( Pamitan minta diri) Verb : to take leave
4. SHALL I..(untuk menawarkan jasa)
Shall I clean the white board?5. MAY I..(minta izin)6. a. Would You (please)? (request- permintaan)Would you please wait for me for a moment?
Would you please sit down over here?
Would you please write his name?Would you please visit my home?c. Do you mind + verb + ing.? Berkeberatankah saudara?d. Do you mind +verb + Ing.?e. Would you mind me +verb + ing. Berkeberatkah saudara, kalau saya?Do you mind me cleaning the kitchen ward?
f. Would you be so kind as to (very formal request)
g. Would you like to.? Mengajak/mengundang/menawarkan7. A. Thank you very much for your help (formal)B. Thanks a lot of for your help (informal)8. Im sorry for troubling you/Im sorry to trouble you/ excuse me for troubling you I sorry juga bisa diucapkan ketika mendengar berita buruk/musibah yang menimpa sahabat.
9. Congratulate..Best whishes (to the lady) for engagement
Congratulation (to the gentlemen)
10. Happy birthday to you / many happy return of the day.
11. Marry chrismas and happy New Year.12. Have a happy Iedul Fitri Day/ Have a happy fasting day
13. The same to you (sama agama) Thank you (beda agama)
14. I wish you a speedy recover/wishing you a speedy recover/ I hope you will be better soonBAGIAN DELAPAN
MENYANGKAL DAN BERTANYA
1. Kalimat menyangkal cukup menambah not melekat pada kata kerja Bantu: can, may, must, shall, will, be (are, am, is). Kalau dalam kalimat tidak ada kata bantunya, tambahkan do atau does.
Contoh:
She will go to school = she will not go to school.
She goes to school = she does not go to school. (She orang ke tiga tunggal) menggunakan does bukan do. Oleh karena menggunakan does maka goes menjadi go, sebab es-nya diambil do menjadi does. 2. Kalimat bertanya, hanya memindah kata bantu dalam kalimat (bila ada) ke depan sendiri. Kalau tidak ada kata bantunya dalam kalimat itu datangkanlah do atau does.
Contoh:
She will go to school = Will she go to school?She goes to school = does she go to school?
3. Not dan No No harus berdekatan dengan Noun, Contoh: I have no book
Not sebelum verb berdekatan dengan kata Bantu. Contoh: I do not (dont) have much money.
4. Cara bertanya dengan menggunakan kata-kata pertanyaan (question Words). Kata-kata pertanyaan (question words) tersebut adalah: What, Where, When, How, Who, which, whom,with whom (who.with) for whom ( whofor), to whom (whoto), from whom (who..from), whose, how long, how long ago, how many, how much. Cara bertanya di awal pertanyaan harus di awali/di tempeli dengan kata Bantu:
Why do you come here?
What are you doing?
Where must I stay in this town?
When will you come here again?
Kata-kata pertanyaan (question words) tersebut tidak boleh didahului kata apapun. Kalau ada kata lain yang berkaitan dengan kalimat itu ditaruh di belakang sendiri.
Contoh: where do you come from?
Where do you go to?Which dan what merupakan kekecualian, sebab sesudahnya boleh ditaruh kata benda atau orang, disusul kata Bantu.Contoh: What book do you want?
Which one do you like?
Mengenai Who.
Contoh /; who will help you? Tetapi kalau menanyakan subject, susunannya seperti kalimat biasa tanpa kata Bantu Who teaches you English?With whom (who.with)
Contoh:
With whom do you go to the market?
Who do you go to the market with?With whom is siti going for a walk?
Who is siti going for a walk with?
Contoh yang lain:
What are you looking for?
Where do you live
When did you come to his home?
Why do you cry?
How do you make this food?
Who are you looking for?Which fruits do you like?
With whom (who.with)Whit whom do you come there?
Who do you come there with?
For whom (who.for)
For whom do you work?Who do you work for/
To whom (who..to)To Whom do you send the letter?Who do you send the letter to?
From whom (who..from)
From whom did you hears this news?
Who did you hears this news from?
Whose magazine are you reading?
In whose hotel will you stay in Kaliurang?
How long did you usually take a nap?
How long ago did she complain to you about her problems?
How many hours does she work every day?How much sugar did you buy?
Awas dan bedakanWhat time will you pick me up?
What is your name? What will you do?
Which book do you want?What man is that? ( orang itu siapa dalam arrti pekerjaannya)
Who is it? It is meHow much (uncountable)
How much coffee do you drink in the morning?
How many (countable)How many cup of coffee does she drink in the morning?
How much bisa juga untuk menanyakan harga5. Menyuruh atau memerintah, verb harus di pangkal kalimat6. Kalau menyangkal yang berarti jangan, di tambah Dont di pangkal kalimat; contoh Dont come here!7. Arti do berarti kah dalam pertanyaan: Do you want to go to the hospital?,Tak memiliki arti bila hanya menemani not: I do not go to the hospital.
Memiliki arti berbuat bila menjadi verb What are you doing, Ms Eni?
8. Already
Already berarti sudah, letaknya di belakang sendiri. Contoh: I am thirsty already.9. Yet
Yet tak mempunyai arti, tetapi mengalihkan arti tidak menjadi belum bila berada di akhir kalimat menyangkal : I do not have money yet.
Latihan
Buatlah kalimat dibawah ini menjadi kalimat negative dan bertanya
1. Esti is the garden to sweep the waste while Maria wants to go to the airport to buy the ticket for Ujung Pandanag.
2. Her Elder brother wants to go to the campus to attend the lecture3. He is writing a letter now
4. He has eaten just now5. He had eaten when you came yesterday
6. He ate his lunch at 2 p.m yesterdayBAGIAN SEMBILANVOCABULARY
A. Phacial Condition1. An obese person
: Kegemukan
2. Beautiful /Pretty /sweet/ cute/good looking: cantik/manis/ayu3. Charming
: Menawan hati4. Graceful
: Lemah-lembut5. Handsome/ Good looking
: Cakep/ganteng6. Tall X short
: Tinggi X pendek 7. Thin, lean X fat
: Kurus X gemuk8. Emaciated; scrawny
: Kurus kering; kerempeng
9. Tough
: Tegap10. Skinny
: Kurus sekali11. Slim
: Langsing12. Plump
: Sintal13. Stout
: besar kuat14. Scour-hearted
: Gagah berani15. He is stout built
: Badannya besar dan kuatB. Diseases1. Plague
: Pes2. Dysentery
: Desentri3. Small Pox
: Cacar4. Chicken Pox
: Cacar air5. Cancer
: Kanker6. Malaria
: Malaria7. Asthma
: Asma8. Leprosy
: Kusta9. Tuberculosis
: Tbc10. Anemia
: Kurang darah11. Inflammation of the lungs
: Radang paru-paru12. Concussion of the brain
: Gegar Otak13. Typhoid-fever
: tipes14. Appendicitis
: Usus Buntu15. Diabetes
: Kencing manis16. Kidney trouble
: Gangguan Ginjal17. Jaundice
: Sakit Kuning18. Framb(o)esia
: Patek19. Famine
: Kelaparan20. To have a head-ache
: Sakit kepala
21. To Have stomach-ache
: Sakit Perut22. To have sore throat
: Sakit Tenggorokan23. To have sore eyes
: Sakit Mata24. To have tooth-ache
: Sakit Gigi25. To have a sore mouth
: Sakit Mulut26. To have a cough
: Sakit Batuk27. To have a cold/ to catch a cold
: Masuk angin28. Children often get measles
: Campak29. Mumps
: Gondong
30. Fever
: Demam
31. Whooping cough
: Batuk rejan
32. Babies may a fit of convulsion
: Bayi bisa tererang sawan33. Just run down
: Hanya karena lelah34. Difficulty in breathing
: Sesak Nafas35. He was run down by a truck
: Dia mati karena ketabrak truk36. Did he get hurt?
: Apakah ia terluka?37. His death was due to renal failure
: Saya sesak nafas
C. Skin Diseases
1. Pimples/acne
: Jerawat2. Rash
: Bintik merah3. Freckles
: Bintik-bintik di muka4. Boil/ulcer
: Koreng krn gatal5. Itch
: Gatal6. Ulceration
: Koreng7. Sore
: Sakit/luka8. Scar
: Parut/bks luka9. Urticaria
: Biduran10. Bollosus/bulla/bula
: MelepuhD. Medical Expert1. Cardiologist
: Dokter ahli jantung2. Dermatologist
: Ahli penyakit Kulit3. Internist
: Ahli penyakit dalam4. Obstetrician
: Dokter ahli kebidanan 5. Ophthalmologist
: Dokter mata
6. Orthopedist
: Dokter ahli bedah tulang
7. Pediatrician
: Dokter anak
8. Psychiatrist
: Dokter ahli jiwa
9. Surgeon
: Dokter ahli bedah
10. Hematologist
: Dokter ahli darah
E. Dental and Oral Terms
1. Oral diseases
: Penyakit dalam mulut2. Prevention and emergency care for oral diseases: Pnecegahan dan perawatan darurat penyakit dalam mulut3. Oral health Unit
: Unit kesehatan mulut dan gigi4. The teeth, gingival and oral mucosa
: Gigi, gusi, dan selaput lender mulut5. Permanent teeth
: Gigi dewasa6. Primary teeth
: refers to baby (gigi susu)7. Crown
: Mahkota gigi8. Root
: Akar gigiBAGIAN SEPULUH
GERUND
Gerund adalah kata kerja + ing dan artinya berubah menjadi kata benda. Bentuknya sama dengan present participle (continuous tense)
Fungsi Gerund:
1. Sebagai subjeck:Jogging is a good sport.
Playing football is one of my hobbies
2. Sebagai pelengkap/ complement
1. My duty is working in this ward
2. One of my hobbies is collecting stamps
3. Untuk larangan singkatNo smoking
No sitting
No fishing
Penggunaan gerund.1. Gerund harus digunakan mengikuti kata kerja berikut:
AdmitDenyMentionRecommend
AdviseDiscussMindRegret
AnticipateDislikeMissRemember
AppreciateEnjoyPostponeResent
AvoidFinishPracticeResist
CompleteForgetQuitRisk
ConsiderCant helpRecallRemember
DelayStopKeepSuggestRecollectResent
He admitted stealing the money.
He enjoys staying in Yogyakarta
2. Gerund sesudah Possesive adjective
My, your, his, her, our, their
I couldt see her jumping
My writing about public health is read by many people.
3. Gerund sesudah kata depan (preposition). Dalam sebuah kalimat jika da kata kerja (verb),kata sifat (adjective), kata benda (noun), yang diikuti kata depan (preposition), maka kata kerja berikutnya harus gerund a. Verb + Preposition
Approve ofKeen onGive upThink ofKeep onRely on
Insist onDepend onSucceed inWorry aboutCount onObject to
If you want to be healthy you have to give up smokingHesti is thinking of going to work at the community health next month.b. Adjective + Preposition
Accustomed toFond ofInterested inSuccessful in
Capable ofAfraid ofIntent onTired of
I am interested in working at the dental clinic
He is not capable of doing extraction of the teeth
c. Noun + Preposition
Choice ofExcuse forIntention of
Method for/ofPossibility of Reason for
There is a possibility of working in the X hospital
Bila dalam kalimat ada kata go atau come, yang diikuti kata yang berarti kegiatan olah raga atau rekreasi yang bersifat fisik harus dalam bentuk ing
Go boating
Go fishing
Go swimming
Go golfing
Go running
Go window shopping
Come running
Come sightseeing
Come riding, dsbBAGIAN LIMABELAS
QUESTION TAG
Question tag adalah tambahan kata-kata di belakang sebuah kalimat yang berfungsi menanyakan persetujuan (agreement) atau menanyakan kebenaran tentang sesuatu hal (conforirmation). Dalam bahasa Indonesia, bisa diekspresikan dengan kata Bukan?Question tag yang digunakan pada kalimat positif, maka kalimat bentuknya negative interogatif, sebaliknya bila pernyataannya positif interrogative
Diah, one of the village midwife, didnt go to work at the village birthing hut, did she? (Diah salah satu dari bidan desa, tidak pergi ke polindes, bukan?Hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan:
1. Subjek dari tag selalu pronoun: Nenis isnt working to day, is she? (Pronoun)2. Kata lets yakni bentuk kontraksi dari let us, tagnya menggunakan shall: lets go, shall we? (mari kita pergi)3. Kalimat dengan menggunakan no, none, no one, no body, neither, nothing, scarcely, bearely, hardly,hardly ever, seldom, sama dengan kalimat negative, sehingga tafnya positif interogatif. Contoh:Nothing else was said, was it? (tak ada lagi yang dikatakan bukan?)
Eni hardly ever slept last night, did she? (Eni hampir tidak pernah tidur tadi malam bukan?Rudi hardy ever goes to the hospital, does he? ( Rudi hamper tidak pergi kerumah sakit, bukan?) 4. Jika subjeck dari kalimat adalah: anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, none, neither, maka subjeck tagnya adalah they. Missal: I dont think anyone attend the school of nursing, this year, do they? ( saya kira tak ada yang mau masuk sekolah keperawatn tahun ini, bukan begiu?5. kata kerja negative, umumnya dikontraksikan dalam tagnya: you are there, arent you?BAGIA ENAM BELAS
THE DEFINITE ARTICLE AND THE INDEFINITE
1. The sefinite article (kata snadang tertentu)
The adalah kata sandang tertentu atau yang tentu, dalam Bahasa Inggris disebut dengan istilah deinite article. The diucapkan de sebelum kata yang dimulai dengan bunyi konsonan dan di sebelum kata yang dimulai dengan bunyi vokal.Contoh:
The (de) girl, the (de) university
The (di) end, the (di) honest woman.
a. Definite article digunakan:1). Sebelum kata benda tunggal untuk menandai keseluruhan kelompok:
The peacock is a beautiful bird
2). Sebelum kata benda yang dibuat definit oleh kata keterangan atau klausa:
The cat of my cousin is very clever.
The film we watched yesterday was scary.
b. Artikel definite tidak digunakan:
1) Sebelum kata benda jamak yang digunakan dalam pernyataan umum:
Crocodiles are wild and dangeraous.
The crocodiles we met in the forest last week are very dannngeraous
2) Sebelum nama musim yang digunakan dalam pernyataan umum:
2. The indefinite article (kata sandang tak tentu)
Kata sandang tak tentu adalah a dan an. A digunakan sebelum kata-kata dengan suatu suara konsonan (a consonant-saound) sedangkan an digunakan sebelum suatu suara vokal (a vocal-sound)
Contoh:
He works an a hospital. He departs to the hospital an hour ago.
An old patient, an honest doctor but a ward, a nurse.
Indefinite article digunakan:a. Sebelum kaa benda tunggal yang berarti untuk seluruh kelompok atau arti yang umum: a lion is wild animalb. Sebelum kata benda tunggal yang berarti: Nama pangkat, pekerjaan, jabatan: a teacher, a general, a director
Nama Kebangsaan: an Indonesia, a German
Nama agama: a moslem, a Catholik
c. Untuk jumlah tertenu: a lot money, a great deal, a dozen, a couple.
d. Penulisan angka tertentu: a houndred, a thousand, a million
e. Menyatakan harga satuan tertentu: $1 a dozen, five kilometer an hour, sixpence a pond.
f. Kalimat seruan sebelum kata benda yang dapat dihitug dan tunggal: What a handsome boy, such a long queue. Exeption (kekecualian):
Indefinite article tidak dapat digunakan, bila titel, pangkat atau pekerjaan hanya bisa disandang oleh satu orang pada waktu yang sama: Soekarno was president of Indonesia and Hamengkubuwono IX was king of yogyakarta when the Indepedence Day of Indonesia was proclaimed.
Perhatikan perbedaan ini
1. Half a crown (nilai-nilai adjective) dan a half crown (mat uang = 5 shilling-noun)
2. Hal a sovereign( nilai adjektive) dan a half sovereign (mata uang emas Inggris- noun)
3. Half a bottle ( setengah botol-nilai adjective) dan a half bottle (botolnya separo- noun)
4. Half a dozen = 6 (enam)
Contoh:crown.
I have a half Crown in my pocket. This a half crown is two whilling and half . The shirt costs half (Saya memiliki setengah crown di saku saya, Setangah crown ini adalah dua setengah shilling, Baju itu hargany setengah crown.
Get half a bottle of coca cola from the table, a whole bottle will be too much. ( Ambil setengah botol coca cola dari meja itu, satu botol penuh akan terlalu banyak.)
Top Related