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R@J ======== ASUNALA RAJESH KUMAR
PARSITOLOGY NOTES: ============================R@J(read this doc in webpage layout)
PARASITES ASCARIS
LUMBRICOIDUS
TRICHURIS TRICHURIA Ancyclostoma
duodenal
TRICHINELLA
SPIRALIS
NECAT
AMERI
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CLASS SECERNENTEA ADENOPHOREA SECERNENTEA ADENOPHOREA SECER
Order ascaridida Trichurida STRONGYLIDA Trichocephalida STRON
FAMILY ascarididae TRURIDAE ANCYCLOSTOMATIDAE TRICHINELLIDAE ANCYC
COMMON
NAMES
Giant
Roundworm
Whipworm Old world hookworm Pork
(whip)worm
new w
INFECTIVE
STAGE
Egg Egg Third stage larvae
( filariform)
Encysted larva Filarifo
DIAGNOSTIC
STAGE
Egg Egg Eggs in Stool Encysted larva Eggs in
DISEASE
CAUSED
ascariasis Trichuriasis Old World hookwormdisease
trichinosis Necato
MODE OF
TRANSMISSION
Occurs mainly
via ingestion of
water or food,
Occasionally
inhalation of
contaminated
dust
faecal-oral via
embryonated ova
Can be passed in
mothers milk (trans
mammary
transmission)
Even cross the
placenta to infect the
fetus (trans placental
transmission).
consumption of
raw or
undercooked
meat of infected
animals, most
commonly
domestic pigs
Soil co
swallo
conta
INTERMEDIATEHOST
None None None rats, pigs, andhumans
None
Definitive
host
Humans or pigs Human Human Human Human
Reservoir
host
None None Human Domestic pig Human
DIAGNOSIS Stool
examination
Stool microscopy ,
Defecating
proctogram ,
Sigmoidoscopy
identify the eggs in the
feces
saturated brine
flotation technique
Muscle
biopsy
Antibody
ELISA
diagno
stool s
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Auto infection: Strongyloides stercoralis
Retro infection:Enterobius vermicularis
Didelphic: Ascaris &Filarial worms (Wuchereria, Loa loa, Brugia malayi)
Coelomerian: Ascaris
Polymerian: Ascaris
Meromerian: Enterobius &Hook worm
Lymphatic:Wuchereria bancrofti,Brugia malayiSubcutaneous: Loa loa (African eye worm)
Conjunctiva: Loa loa
Lymphatic filariasis- MOSQUITO
Subcutaneous filariasis-
Serous cavity filariasis-
Mosquitoes are holometabolous
Enterobius vermicularis causepruritus ani.
Strongyloides stercoralis capable for autoinfection
ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDUS Most common helminthic human infection
In female genital girdle present in ascaris lumbricoides
PREVENTION Limit using
human feces as
fertilizerTreatment can
be done on
contaminated
soil although it
is not highly
advised
Avoid night soil or
wastewater to
fertilize crops,Adequate disposal of
faecal waste
Sanitary disposal of
human faeces
Wearing of footwearHealth education
Deworm pet dogs and
cats
Avoid
undercooked
pork, walrus,horse, bear or
other wild-
animal meat
Clean meat
grinders
thoroughly
Nonet
shoes i
Areas,shouldwhile psoil.
Drugs Mebendazole
Albendazole
Pyrantelpamoate
Ivermectin
Piperazine
citrate
Levamisole
Mebendazole
Albendazole
Albendazole
MebendazoleIvermectin,
Fenbendazole
Albend
Meben
benzid
R.P oviparous Oviparous Oviparous Viviparous Ovipar
Entry Small intestine Large intestine Oral and transmission Mouth Skin
Periodicity
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