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R@J ======== ASUNALA RAJESH KUMAR

PARSITOLOGY NOTES: ============================R@J(read this doc in webpage layout)

PARASITES ASCARIS

LUMBRICOIDUS

TRICHURIS TRICHURIA Ancyclostoma

duodenal

TRICHINELLA

SPIRALIS

NECAT

AMERI

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CLASS SECERNENTEA ADENOPHOREA SECERNENTEA ADENOPHOREA SECER

Order ascaridida Trichurida STRONGYLIDA Trichocephalida STRON

FAMILY ascarididae TRURIDAE ANCYCLOSTOMATIDAE TRICHINELLIDAE ANCYC

COMMON

NAMES

Giant

Roundworm

Whipworm Old world hookworm Pork

(whip)worm

new w

INFECTIVE

STAGE

Egg Egg Third stage larvae

( filariform)

Encysted larva Filarifo

DIAGNOSTIC

STAGE

Egg Egg Eggs in Stool Encysted larva Eggs in

DISEASE

CAUSED

ascariasis Trichuriasis Old World hookwormdisease

trichinosis Necato

MODE OF

TRANSMISSION

Occurs mainly

via ingestion of

water or food,

Occasionally

inhalation of

contaminated

dust

faecal-oral via

embryonated ova

Can be passed in

mothers milk (trans

mammary

transmission)

Even cross the

placenta to infect the

fetus (trans placental

transmission).

consumption of

raw or

undercooked

meat of infected

animals, most

commonly

domestic pigs

Soil co

swallo

conta

INTERMEDIATEHOST

None None None rats, pigs, andhumans

None

Definitive

host

Humans or pigs Human Human Human Human

Reservoir

host

None None Human Domestic pig Human

DIAGNOSIS Stool

examination

Stool microscopy ,

Defecating

proctogram ,

Sigmoidoscopy

identify the eggs in the

feces

saturated brine

flotation technique

Muscle

biopsy

Antibody

ELISA

diagno

stool s

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichinosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichinosis

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Auto infection: Strongyloides stercoralis

Retro infection:Enterobius vermicularis

Didelphic: Ascaris &Filarial worms (Wuchereria, Loa loa, Brugia malayi)

Coelomerian: Ascaris

Polymerian: Ascaris

Meromerian: Enterobius &Hook worm

Lymphatic:Wuchereria bancrofti,Brugia malayiSubcutaneous: Loa loa (African eye worm)

Conjunctiva: Loa loa

Lymphatic filariasis- MOSQUITO

Subcutaneous filariasis-

Serous cavity filariasis-

Mosquitoes are holometabolous

Enterobius vermicularis causepruritus ani.

Strongyloides stercoralis capable for autoinfection

ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDUS Most common helminthic human infection

In female genital girdle present in ascaris lumbricoides

PREVENTION Limit using

human feces as

fertilizerTreatment can

be done on

contaminated

soil although it

is not highly

advised

Avoid night soil or

wastewater to

fertilize crops,Adequate disposal of

faecal waste

Sanitary disposal of

human faeces

Wearing of footwearHealth education

Deworm pet dogs and

cats

Avoid

undercooked

pork, walrus,horse, bear or

other wild-

animal meat

Clean meat

grinders

thoroughly

Nonet

shoes i

Areas,shouldwhile psoil.

Drugs Mebendazole

Albendazole

Pyrantelpamoate

Ivermectin

Piperazine

citrate

Levamisole

Mebendazole

Albendazole

Albendazole

MebendazoleIvermectin,

Fenbendazole

Albend

Meben

benzid

R.P oviparous Oviparous Oviparous Viviparous Ovipar

Entry Small intestine Large intestine Oral and transmission Mouth Skin

Periodicity

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