Optoelectronic Devices

BySree RajMani Raj

Aim of PresentationOptoelectronic DevicesCategorization of OptoelectronicsType of Optoelectronic DevicesEmitters– Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs)– Laser Diode (LDs)– Infrared (IR)

Optoelectronic Device means

Optoelectronic Devices: A study and application of electronic devices that source, detect and control light.

Based on  the quantum mechanical effects of light on electronic materials.

ElectronicsOptics (Light)

Optoelectronics

Categorization of Optoelectronics

Device that converts electricity into light (Visible or invisible) is called Emitters.

Device that convets light into electricity. It include Photoemissive (non-solid state) devices and Photodetectors (Solid-state devices).

Optoelectronic Device

Emitters Sensors

IR Laser

Couplers or Isolators

LED

Type of Optoelectronic Devices

Photodetectors

Photoemissive

EmittersLight-emitting diodes (LEDs)

(display, lighting…)Laser diodes

(data storage, telecommunication,…)Infrared

(astronomy, communications,…)

Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs)

Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) is a Semiconductor diode that emits incoherent narrow-spectrum light when electrically biased in the forward direction of the p-n juction

Color Wavelength [nm] Voltage drop [ΔV]  Infrared λ > 760 ΔV < 1.63

  Red 610 < λ < 760 1.63 < ΔV < 2.03

  Orange 590 < λ < 610 2.03 < ΔV < 2.10

  Yellow 570 < λ < 590 2.10 < ΔV < 2.18

  Green 500 < λ < 570 1.9[62] < ΔV < 4.0

  Blue 450 < λ < 500 2.48 < ΔV < 3.7

  Violet 400 < λ < 450 2.76 < ΔV < 4.0

  Purple multiple types 2.48 < ΔV < 3.7

  Ultraviolet λ < 400 3.1 < ΔV < 4.4

  Pink multiple types ΔV ~ 3.3[68]

  White Broad spectrum ΔV = 3.5

Application of LEDsVisual SignalsSensorsCommunicationTelevision, DVD playersBarcode scanners

LED Traffic Signals

LED TV

TV Remote

Barcode Scanner

Laser Diodes (LDs)

Laser Diode (LDs) is an electrically pumped semiconductor laser in which the active medium is formed by a p-n junction of a semiconductor diode.

375 nm Excitation of Hoechst stain, Calcium Blue, and other fluorescent dyes in fluorescence microscopy

405 nm - 445 nm InGaN blue-violet laser, in Blu-ray Disc and HD DVD drives, multimode diode

473 nm Sky blue laser pointers, still very expensive, output of DPSS systems

485 nm Excitation of GFP and other fluorescent dyes

510 nm (To ~525 nm) green diodes recently (2010) developed by Nichia and OSRAM for laser projectors.

532 nmDPSS green laser, frequency doubled from 1064 nm by means of a KTP-crystal, for use in light shows and laser pointers

635 nm AlGaInP better red laser pointers, same power subjectively twice as bright as 650 nm

640 nm High-brightness red DPSS laser pointers

650 nm GaInP/AlGaInP CDDVD, cheap red laser pointers

670 nm AlGaInP bar code readers, first diode laser pointers (now obsolete, replaced by brighter 650nm and 671nm DPSS)

671 nm Spectroscopy, DNA sequencing, high-power red DPSS laser pointers

760 nm AlGaInP gas sensing: O2

785 nm GaAlAs Compact Disc drives

808 nm GaAlAs pumps in DPSS Nd:YAG lasers (e.g. in green laser pointers or as arrays in higher-powered lasers)

848 nm Laser mice

980 nm InGaAs pump for optical amplifiers, for Yb:YAG DPSS lasers

1064 nm AlGaAs fiber-optic communication, DPSS laser pump frequency1310 nm – 1654 nm InGaAsP, InGaAsN fiber-optic communication, optical amplifiers, NH3,CH4

1877 nm-3330 nm GaInAsSb gas sensing: H2O, CO2,CO,C2H2,CH4

Application of LDs

TelecommunicationBarcode readersCD/DVD, HD, Blu-ray playersIndustrial application

DVD Burner

Medical ExaminationPower drilling, Burning

Infrared (IR)Infrared (IR) light

is electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than those of visible light, extending from the nominal red edge of the visible spectrum at 700 nanometres (nm) to 1 mm.

IR was discovered in 1800 by astronomer William Herschel.

Division Name Abbreviation Wavelength Photon Energy

Near-infrared NIR, IR-A DIN 0.75–1.4 µm 0.9–1.7 eV

Short-wavelength infrared SWIR, IR-B DIN 1.4-3 µm 0.4–0.9 eV

Mid-wavelength infrared

MWIR, IR-C DIN; MidIR.[7] Also called intermediate infrared (IIR) 3–8 µm 150–400 meV

Long-wavelength infrared LWIR, IR-C DIN 8–15 µm 80–150 meV

Far infrared FIR 15–1,000 µm 1.2–80 meV

Application of Infrared (IR)

Hyperspectral imagingHeatingCommunicationsClimatologyAstronomy

Infrared space telescope image

Infrared (body-temperature thermal) light