Huge Tea Waste generation of 12.59 million kg can pave the way to support

North-East India power generation.

Most of the tea factories do not obey the rules of Tea Board of India

regarding the disposal of tea waste. Every tea factory produces a large

amount of tea waste but in spite of their use in positive way they are found

dumped in tea factory premises.

Experimental investigation shows that the optimum

temperature for maximizing the liquid yield using tea

factory wastes was 775 K.

Opportunity for Large Scale Grid Integration for Renewable Energy in the North-East India

Barun Kumar*, Dr. BK Choudhury**, Monojit Chowdhury***

*Student MBA-Public Systems (Specialization Energy Management), IISWBM Kolkata

**Professor-Energy Management & Head-Department of Public Systems, IISWBM Kolkata

***Grade A officer, IOCL Assam

The global energy system is primarily driven by Sun, the most significant

renewable energy (RE) source to our planet earth, the modern civilization

seems to be awaking up to re-link the economy to renewable sources after the

momentary acceleration cause by rampant use of fossil fuels is seen be

threatened along with its extinction in near future.

India’s global commitment for INDC (INDIA’S INTENDED NATIONALLY

DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION) in the Paris CoP of installing 175 GW RE

capacity within 2022 is now in the solid foundation of defined path for

achievement by the Government of India.

MOTIVATION

POWER SCENARIO IN NORTH-EAST INDIA

The actual energy requirement, energy availability, peak demand and peak

demand met in North Eastern Region during 2015-16 was lower than

anticipated by 7.7%, 1.4%, 2.9% and 7% respectively. The actual energy

shortage in the Region was 5.2% compared to forecast shortage of 11.3%.

The increasing trend in energy demand and peak power demand for different

months as depicted above signifies the need of grid integration of renewable

energy systems.

Per capita energy consumption is one of the key index to measure the

quality of Human Development, the national standard of 1010 kWh was too

far from North East Indian Consumption.

14 million to migrate from northeast by 2021 in search of jobs as demand

fails to meet supply: Source, Times of India, 24th Jan 2012 (Naresh Mitra).

Low per capita electricity consumption indicates less industrial

development, this results in lack of employment opportunities and may be

one of major reason for these migrations.

According to an NSDC (National Skill Development Council) study on

development and employment generation potential of northeastern states,

between 2011 and 2021, the region will have only 2.6 million more jobs.

As opposed to the low demand, there will be a supply of 17 million people in

2011-2022, an excess of 14 million job seekers.

NITI AAYOG set a target of achieving per capita electricity consumption of up

to 2911-2924 kWh in 2040, along with reduction in emissions intensity: 45% -

53% by 2030 from 2005 levels.

Thus opportunity for renewable sector both in terms of fulfilling power

requirements and in job creation.

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1038

12861180.88

1308.2 1297 1279 1311

1164 1141 1175 1110.52 1197

960

10861115.27

1240.2 1221 1224 1252

1141 1110 1135.8 1087.041163

-78 -200 -65.61 -68 -76 -55 -59 -23 -31 -39.2 -23.48 -34

Month-wise power supply position of

NERLDC during the year 2015-16

(in terms of ENERGY)

Requirement (MU) Availability (MU) Surplus(+)/Deficit(-) (MU)

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

2220

25732356

2520 2437 2442 2401 2372 2355 2367 2401 2442

21142185 2190

2356 2283 2255 2301 2352 2320 2332 2328 2367

-106 -388 -166 -164 -154 -187 -100 -20 -35 -35 -73 -75

Month-wise power supply position of

NERLDC during the year 2015-16

(in terms of PEAK DEMAND)

Peak Demand (MW) Peak Availability (MW) Surplus(+)/Deficit(-) (MW)

48

-254

12 52 22 570

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

Arunachal

Pradesh

Assam Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Tripura

State wise Peak power Demand anticipated (2016-17)

Requirement in MW Availability in MW Surplus/Deficit (MW)

-74

-2,082

-37 -150 56 -127

1,073

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

Arunachal

Pradesh

Assam Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Tripura

State wise Energy Demand anticipated (2016-17)

Requirement in MU Availability in MU Surplus(+)/Deficit(-) (MU)

RENEWABLE POTENTIAL AND RECENT INSTALLATIONS

TEA WASTE

BIOMASS FUEL

BIO-GAS

3.5-5.0 MJ/m3

BIO-OIL

29.59 MJ/kg

CHAR

HYBRID SYSTEMS PROPOSED

Tea per

100kg

Tea Waste

2 kg

PYROLYSIS

BIO-FUEL

Generation

ASSAM produces 629.05 million kg of TEA per year(INDIA BRAND EQUITY FOUNDATION,TEA STATISTICS 2013-14)

Thus Tea Waste of about 12.59 million kg

CONNECTED IN HYBRID CONFIGURATION TO AVOID INTERMITTENT BEHVIOUR OF SOLAR PV SYSTEMS (a)

CONSUMED IN INTERNAL PROCESSES INVOLVED IN TEA INDUSTRY,REDUCING SPECIFIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION , LEAST POWER TO BE DRAWN FROM EXISTING GRID (b)

Biomass

sample

Operating

Temperature

Char Yields

(Wt%)

Liquid Yields

(Wt%)

Gas Yields

(Wt%)

Tea

factory

waste

775 K

925 K

975 K

1025 K

33.5

32.8

31.4

30.0

28.9

25.4

26.1

26.3

37.6

41.8

42.5

43.7Deposition of tea waster in different places of

tea factories: (A) Inside factory shade (B) waste warehouse (C) processing center

EXPLORING TEA WASTE POTENTIAL

BIO-GAS Generator sets are available up to efficiency of 45% and 90% for

electrical energy generation and thermal energy generation respectively.

a)

b)USING HEAT IN TEA

PROCESSING

BIO-GAS

GRID CONNECTED HYBRID

SYSTEM

REFRENCES

1) LOAD GENERATION BALANCE REPORT 2016-17(CEA)

2) Global Solar Atlas

3) Tea Waste Management: A Case Study from West Bengal, India Article in Indian

Journal of Science and Technology · November 2016

4) Energy and Byproducts Recovery from Tea Waste, M. Nagaraja

International Journal of Electrical Energy, Vol.1, No.1, March 2013

1

2

3

4

5

6

www.iiswbm.edu

Possibility of having Cogeneration plant

SMALL HYDRO

PROJECT

WIND TURBINE

BIO-GAS

NORTH EASTERN

INDIAN STATES CITY LAT_LONG

GTI

(kWh/m2

per year)

PVOUT

(kWh/kWp

per year)

ARUNACHAL

PRADESH Itanagar 27°32'24", 93°48'36" 1543 1253

ASSAM Guwahati 26°10'00", 91°46'00" 1763 1367

MANIPUR Imphal 24°52'35", 93°54'40" 1875 1478

MEGHALAYA Shillong 25°34'28", 91°52'44" 1736 1401

MIZORAM Aizawl 23°44'00", 92°43'00" 1889 1478

NAGALAND Kohima 25°40'00", 94°07'10" 1620 1296

TRIPURA Agartala 23°50'00", 91°16'00" 1789 1385

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Arunachal

Pradesh

Assam Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Sikkim Tripura

NORTH-EAST REGION ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION

State wise per-Capita (kWh)

National Per-capita (1010 kWh)

NITI AAYOG target Per-capita for year 2040 (2911 kWh)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

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ur

Per-Capita Electricity Consumption (2014-15)

State wise Consumption (kWh) National Consumption (1010 kWh)

STATE WISE NUMBERS AND AGGREGATE CAPACITY OF SHP

PROJECTS(UPTO 25 MW) in NE Region

Potential Projects Installed Projects under

Implementation

Sl.No.

State Nos.

Total

Capacity

(MW)

Nos. Capacity

(MW)Nos.

Capacity

(MW)

1Arunachal

Pradesh677 1341.38 152 104.605 17 54.05

2Assam 119 238.69 6 34.11 5 12

3Manipur 114 109.13 8 5.45 0 0

4Meghalaya 97 230.05 4 31.03 2 25.5

5Mizoram 72 168.9 19 41.47 4 8.7

6Nagaland 99 196.98 12 30.67 8 3.75

7 Tripura 88 266.64 17 52.11 0 15

8Sikkim 13 46.86 3 16.01 2 0

State-wise Solar Energy Potential vs. Installed Solar

Capacity(MNRE)

NE Region as on 31.12.2016

Sr. No. State/UT Solar Potential

(GWp) #

Installed Capacity

(MW) as on

31.12.2016

1Arunachal

Pradesh 9 0.27

2 Assam 14 11.18

3 Manipur 11 0.01

4 Meghalaya 6 0.01

5 Mizoram 9 0.1

6 Nagaland 7 0.5

7 Sikkim 5 0.01

8 Tripura 2 5.02

TOTAL 43 17.1

Cumulative Installed Capacity of Small Wind Energy Hybrid

Systems

in NE Region

Sl. No. Name of State Cumulative Installed Capacity upto 31.12.2016

1 Assam 5380

2 Meghalaya 0

3 Mizoram 270

4 Nagaland 0

5 Sikkim 130

6 Tripura 120

7 Arunachal Pradesh 0

Total 590