Sustainable & Scalable Sanitation
“By many accounts, sanitation is the most-missed target of
the Millennium Development Goals”
-United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon
on World Toilet Day 2015
First, a Few Startling Facts
Globally, India has the largest number of people still defecating in the open:
more than 595 million
Half of the population excretes more than 65,000 tonnes of poo outside every
day
About 65% of people in rural areas do not have access to toilets
River Contamination
Globally, more than 80% of wastewater
resulting from human activities is
discharged into rivers or sea without any
pollution removal
In India, EVERYDAY 200,000 metric tons
of faecal load finds its way into soil and
water bodies, contaminating them with
pathogens
The Ganges river alone is contaminated
with 1.1 million liters of raw sewage daily
One GRAM of faeces
contains:
• 10,000,000 viruses
• 1,000,000 bacteria
• 1,000 parasite cysts
Child faeces contain more
germs than adults
The Sanitation Crisis
On-site sanitation is an age-old concept. Pit latrines are one of the most common human excreta disposal systems in low-income countries. But pit-based sanitation has practical challenges:
Pit latrines situated near water sources or in high water table areas discharge chemical and microbial contaminants to the groundwater, thus negatively affecting human health
Frequent flooding renders pit latrines useless or inoperable, especially in low-lying or coastal areas
Unfavorable soil conditions, such as unstable or rocky soil and high water table make pit-based sanitation difficult and expensive
Contamination of Water Sources
On-site sanitation can be either a dry or a wet system. A common septic
tank is a wet system that poses a risk to ground water supply.
Anaerobic Digestion
Safe Faecal Sludge Management
Anaerobic Digestion
Anaerobic digestion of municipal wastewater sludge has been widely
practiced since the early 1900s and is the most widely used sludge
treatment method in the Western world
The residual organic matter is chemically stable, nearly odorless, and
contains significantly reduced levels of pathogens
It is the most efficient process to treat sludge without contaminating
the water table
The anaerobic digestion is carried out by microorganisms that can only
live in an oxygen-free environment. Human waste produces negligible
amount of Methane.
Methane, CO2 and H2O
Anaerobic digestion by
MicroorganismsHuman Waste
The CAYA Solution
A holistic approach adapted to current settings:
An ultra modern, complete sanitation system
Non-polluting
Hygienic
Aesthetic
Encourages toilet use, changes habits
CAYA’s Onsite Sanitation Tank
Design based on sanitation engineering and microbiological know–how
High quality EU butyl bladder
Easy to install into supporting frame made on site; no seepage
Internal baffles act as “bacterial power house” creating biofilm to maximise digestion of waste
Longevity, anaerobic conditions
Made size and site specific (700
litres to 10,000 litres)
Manufactured by experts with 36 years of international experience in butyl tank manufacturing
Effluent directed through simple geotextile filter for reuse or replenish aquifer
Tank ready for transport Internal design of tank
CAYA’s Adaptation to Ensure Low-cost and Safe
Onsite Sanitation
Our CAYA sanitation solution complies to highest standards at low cost:
Absolutely watertight
Highest quality butyl and high standards of design and manufacturing
Easy to transport and install
Contain catalysts
Can be scaled up rapidly to tackle the urgent need
Individual Toilet
The CAYA Superstructures along with accessory structure to hold a water
tank and hand washing area
Community Toilet Blocks
The CAYA Superstructures are built such that they can be installed in a
modular grid to create Community Toilet blocks
Two toilet cluster Eight toilet cluster
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