Off-Highway Recreational Vehicle Workshop
12/18/2012
Outline• Proposed Regulation
– Compliance Dates– Performance Standards– Credits– Labeling– Tampering
• Proposed Test Procedure– Tip Tests– Evaporative Tests
• Costs Request– Example Form
• Inventory Update
Dec. 18, 2012 2
Proposed Regulation
• Compliance Dates• Evaporative Emissions Performance Standards• Small-Volume Manufacturer Design Standard• Advanced Fuel System Emission Credits• Emissions Label• Tamper Resistance• Educational Tampering Statement
Dec. 18, 2012 3
Proposed Regulation
Compliance Dates[§ 2418(b)(2)]
• 2018 and subsequent model year vehicles are required to meet OHRV evaporative standards
• Vehicle phase-in: 33% of manufacturers total projected CA sales, per model year– Full implementation is expected by 2020 but can be
delayed to 2021, if:• Performance standards are met by 67% of vehicles by 2018,
or the small volume design standard is met by 75% by 2018.
Dec. 18, 2012 4
Proposed RegulationEvaporative Emissions Performance Standards
[§ 2418(b)(1)(B)]
Vehicle and Model Year
Required Tests
Individual Test Standard (per test sequence)(1) Combined Test
Standard(per test sequence)
Option A or Option B
2018 and subsequent model year Off-Highway
Recreational Vehicles
Running Loss0.6 g TOG
@ 35+/-2°C0.5 g TOG @ 30+/-2°C
Cumulative sum of running loss, hot soak, and diurnal
tests may not exceed 1.5 g TOG @ 35+/-2°C or 1.3 g TOG
@30+/- 2°C
Hot Soak0.6 g TOG @ 35+/-2°C
0.4 g TOG@ 30+/-2°C
Diurnal 1 g HC(1) 2 psi minimum
Tip Test 0 liquid leakage 0 liquid leakage
Dec. 18, 20121) Highest 24 hour result in a 3 day period, not to exceed 1 g TOG.
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Proposed Regulation
Small-Volume Manufacturer Design Standard [§ 2418(c)(1)]
An OHRV manufacturer with 50 or less CA vehicles sales per year (during previous 3 model years) may certify to design-based standards:
– Fuel hose permeation: 5.0 g/m2/day @ 35°C (95°F)– Fuel tank permeation: 1.5 g/m2/day @ 28°C– Carbon Canister Working Capacity: 1.0 g/l of nominal fuel tank
volume– Vehicles are required to have fuel injection
Dec. 18, 2012 6
Proposed RegulationAdvanced Fuel System Emission Credits
[§ 2418(f)]
• Credits are awarded to OHRV manufacturers that produce low emission vehicles
• Credits are averaged in for each test (e.g. HS, RL, Diurnal)
• Credit is 75% of the difference between the certified standard and the performance standard.
Dec. 18, 2012 7
Proposed Regulation
Emissions Label[§ 2419.1]
OHRVs must have a combined exhaust
label [§ 2413] and evaporative label that must
be:
– permanently affixed to vehicle
– readily visible, except if placed under a
removable vehicle seat
Dec. 18, 2012 8
Proposed Regulation
Tamper Resistance[§ 2419.5(e)(2)]
• An ARB study found that up to ~1/3 of OHRV’s are tampered
• Vehicles must be designed as tamper resistant, which includes:– Design of fuel and vapor line connectors– Use of tamper resistant fasteners made for
use with special tools– Placement of emission components (i.e.
carbon canister)
Dec. 18, 2012 9
Proposed Regulation
Educational Tampering Statement[§ 2419.5(e)(6)]
• Manufacturers must attach a vehicle tag to new OHRV, educating owners of tampering laws
Dec. 18, 2012
• Tag is to be removed by the end purchaser, and fastened in a way that is destroyed upon removal
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Proposed Regulation
Questions?
Dec. 18, 2012 11
Proposed Test Procedures
• Preconditioning
• Tip Test
• Running Loss Test
• Hot Soak Test
• Diurnal Test
Dec. 18, 2012 12
• Conduct durability testing as required on carbon canister,
PV valve, tank, cables and linkages, etc. (§ 4)
• Bench age carbon canister as needed (§ 3.6)
• Soak fuel system for 140 days or until permeation has
reached steady state (§ 5.1)
• Precondition carbon canister (§ 5.2)
Dec. 18, 2012
Proposed Test ProceduresPreconditioning
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• Liquid fuel leak – 50% full (§ 6.1)– Front to back
• +/- 30° for off-road motorcycles• +/- 30° for ATVs
– Side to side• +/- 30° for off-road motorcycles• +/- 15° for ATVs
• Carbon canister contamination* – 100% full (§ 6.2)– Front to back
• +/- 30° for off-road motorcycles• +/- 30° for ATVs
– Side to side• +/- 90° for off-road motorcycles• +/- 15° for ATVs
*canister weight gain must be less than 10% of BWC
Dec. 18, 2012
Proposed Test Procedures
Tip Test
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• Must follow preconditioning and Tip Test• Drain/fill to 50%• Pre-test UDDS* cycle (§ 6.3.1)• Soak for 6-36 hours at running loss test
temperate• Running Loss Test consists of a single UDDS*
cycle (§ 6.4.2)– Emissions can be measured in a “SHED” or using the
“point source” measurement method*Alternative PIP cycle is allowed
Dec. 18, 2012
Proposed Test Procedures
Running Loss Test
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• Hot Soak Test must start within 7 minutes (4 minutes of engine-off time) of completion of Running Loss Test (§ 6.4)
• Constant temperature soak at test temperature for 90 minutes
Dec. 18, 2012
Proposed Test Procedures
Hot Soak Test
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• Diurnal Test starts immediately following Hot Soak test (§6.5)
• Soak for 6-36 hours at beginning test temperature (~72°F)
• Conduct 3 repeat 24-hour diurnal profiles following the U.S. EPA profile (~72°F-96°F-72°F)
• -Dec. 18, 2012
Proposed Test Procedures
Diurnal Test
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Proposed Test Procedure
Questions?
Dec. 18, 2012 18
Request for Cost Information
Currently drafting cost survey to evaluate economic impact for the proposed regulation and determine the cost for
required emission controls
• Request– Estimate increased manufacturing costs to comply with the proposed
evaporative emissions standards– Estimate increased costs for testing and certification
• Deadline: 1/30/2013
Dec. 18, 2012 19
Dec. 18, 2012 20
Emissions Inventory Update
• Updating Recreational Vehicle Emissions
• DRAFT statewide Recreational Vehicle
Emissions
• Findings from Draft Inventory
• Completing the Inventory
Dec. 18, 2012 21
Updating Recreational Vehicle Emissions
• Comprehensive Re-Evaluation of Model and Inputs– Updated population from ten years of DMV data (2001-2010)– Updated activity from surveys – Updated emission factors from testing and certification data– New forecast based on economic and demographic data– Reprogrammed modeling platform
• Current Status– Emissions are lower than previously forecast– Draft inventory is currently being updated– Rule scenarios are not yet completed
22 Dec. 18, 2012 22
Dec. 18, 201223
2010 20200
20
40
60
80
100
120
2007 Inventory Current Draft Inventory
Sum
mer
VO
C (
Ton
s/D
ay)
DRAFT Statewide Recreational Vehicle Emissions
DRAFT
Findings from Draft Inventory
• Huge decline in new OHRV vehicle sales resulting from the recession; extent of future rebound is uncertain
• More vehicles have four-stroke engines than previously estimated (have lower emissions than two-stroke)
• Vehicles last longer than previously estimated• Survey shows lower activity that declines with age
more than previously estimated• Emission factors still being evaluated
Dec. 18, 2012 24
Completing the Inventory
• Updating population with the latest DMV data• Updating emission forecast with latest economic
forecasting information• Updating emission factors with latest testing data
and analysis• Assessing rule scenario• Will present more detailed analysis and updated
inventory at future meetings• Will provide complete model inputs,
documentation and source code publiclyDec. 18, 2012 25
Emissions Inventory Update
Questions?
Dec. 18, 2012 26
Timeline
• Request for comments: March 1, 2013
• Inventory meeting: March, 2013
• 1085 data available: May, 2013
• Publish Reg. documents: May, 2013
• Board hearing: July, 2013
Dec. 18, 2012 27
ContactsFor Questions Concerning Evaporative Emissions
– Pippin Mader• Project Lead, Evaporative Control, Engineering, and Regulatory Development Section
– (916) 322-8930, [email protected]
– Jim Watson• Manager, Evaporative Control, Engineering, and Regulatory Development Section
– (916) 327-1282, [email protected]
For Questions Concerning OHRV Certification– Steven Hada
• Staff APS, On-Road Light Duty Certification Section– (626) 575-6641, [email protected]
– Duc Nguyen • Manager, On-Road Light Duty Certification Section
– (626) 575-6844 [email protected]
For Questions Concerning OHRV Emissions Inventory– David Chou
• Manager, Off-Road Modeling and Assessment Section– (626) 450-6136, [email protected]
Dec. 18, 2012 28
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