Off-Highway Recreational Vehicle Workshop

12/18/2012

Outline• Proposed Regulation

– Compliance Dates– Performance Standards– Credits– Labeling– Tampering

• Proposed Test Procedure– Tip Tests– Evaporative Tests

• Costs Request– Example Form

• Inventory Update

Dec. 18, 2012 2

Proposed Regulation

• Compliance Dates• Evaporative Emissions Performance Standards• Small-Volume Manufacturer Design Standard• Advanced Fuel System Emission Credits• Emissions Label• Tamper Resistance• Educational Tampering Statement

Dec. 18, 2012 3

Proposed Regulation

Compliance Dates[§ 2418(b)(2)]

• 2018 and subsequent model year vehicles are required to meet OHRV evaporative standards

• Vehicle phase-in: 33% of manufacturers total projected CA sales, per model year– Full implementation is expected by 2020 but can be

delayed to 2021, if:• Performance standards are met by 67% of vehicles by 2018,

or the small volume design standard is met by 75% by 2018.

Dec. 18, 2012 4

Proposed RegulationEvaporative Emissions Performance Standards

[§ 2418(b)(1)(B)]

Vehicle and Model Year

Required Tests

Individual Test Standard (per test sequence)(1) Combined Test

Standard(per test sequence)

Option A or Option B

 

2018 and subsequent model year Off-Highway

Recreational Vehicles

      

Running Loss0.6 g TOG

@ 35+/-2°C0.5 g TOG @ 30+/-2°C

Cumulative sum of running loss, hot soak, and diurnal

tests may not exceed 1.5 g TOG @ 35+/-2°C or 1.3 g TOG

@30+/- 2°C

Hot Soak0.6 g TOG @ 35+/-2°C

0.4 g TOG@ 30+/-2°C

Diurnal 1 g HC(1) 2 psi minimum

Tip Test 0 liquid leakage 0 liquid leakage

Dec. 18, 20121) Highest 24 hour result in a 3 day period, not to exceed 1 g TOG.

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Proposed Regulation

Small-Volume Manufacturer Design Standard [§ 2418(c)(1)]

An OHRV manufacturer with 50 or less CA vehicles sales per year (during previous 3 model years) may certify to design-based standards:

– Fuel hose permeation: 5.0 g/m2/day @ 35°C (95°F)– Fuel tank permeation: 1.5 g/m2/day @ 28°C– Carbon Canister Working Capacity: 1.0 g/l of nominal fuel tank

volume– Vehicles are required to have fuel injection

Dec. 18, 2012 6

Proposed RegulationAdvanced Fuel System Emission Credits

[§ 2418(f)]

• Credits are awarded to OHRV manufacturers that produce low emission vehicles

• Credits are averaged in for each test (e.g. HS, RL, Diurnal)

• Credit is 75% of the difference between the certified standard and the performance standard.

Dec. 18, 2012 7

Proposed Regulation

Emissions Label[§ 2419.1]

OHRVs must have a combined exhaust

label [§ 2413] and evaporative label that must

be:

– permanently affixed to vehicle

– readily visible, except if placed under a

removable vehicle seat

Dec. 18, 2012 8

Proposed Regulation

Tamper Resistance[§ 2419.5(e)(2)]

• An ARB study found that up to ~1/3 of OHRV’s are tampered

• Vehicles must be designed as tamper resistant, which includes:– Design of fuel and vapor line connectors– Use of tamper resistant fasteners made for

use with special tools– Placement of emission components (i.e.

carbon canister)

Dec. 18, 2012 9

Proposed Regulation

Educational Tampering Statement[§ 2419.5(e)(6)]

• Manufacturers must attach a vehicle tag to new OHRV, educating owners of tampering laws

Dec. 18, 2012

• Tag is to be removed by the end purchaser, and fastened in a way that is destroyed upon removal

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Proposed Regulation

Questions?

Dec. 18, 2012 11

Proposed Test Procedures

• Preconditioning

• Tip Test

• Running Loss Test

• Hot Soak Test

• Diurnal Test

Dec. 18, 2012 12

• Conduct durability testing as required on carbon canister,

PV valve, tank, cables and linkages, etc. (§ 4)

• Bench age carbon canister as needed (§ 3.6)

• Soak fuel system for 140 days or until permeation has

reached steady state (§ 5.1)

• Precondition carbon canister (§ 5.2)

Dec. 18, 2012

Proposed Test ProceduresPreconditioning

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• Liquid fuel leak – 50% full (§ 6.1)– Front to back

• +/- 30° for off-road motorcycles• +/- 30° for ATVs

– Side to side• +/- 30° for off-road motorcycles• +/- 15° for ATVs

• Carbon canister contamination* – 100% full (§ 6.2)– Front to back

• +/- 30° for off-road motorcycles• +/- 30° for ATVs

– Side to side• +/- 90° for off-road motorcycles• +/- 15° for ATVs

*canister weight gain must be less than 10% of BWC

Dec. 18, 2012

Proposed Test Procedures

Tip Test

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• Must follow preconditioning and Tip Test• Drain/fill to 50%• Pre-test UDDS* cycle (§ 6.3.1)• Soak for 6-36 hours at running loss test

temperate• Running Loss Test consists of a single UDDS*

cycle (§ 6.4.2)– Emissions can be measured in a “SHED” or using the

“point source” measurement method*Alternative PIP cycle is allowed

Dec. 18, 2012

Proposed Test Procedures

Running Loss Test

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• Hot Soak Test must start within 7 minutes (4 minutes of engine-off time) of completion of Running Loss Test (§ 6.4)

• Constant temperature soak at test temperature for 90 minutes

Dec. 18, 2012

Proposed Test Procedures

Hot Soak Test

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• Diurnal Test starts immediately following Hot Soak test (§6.5)

• Soak for 6-36 hours at beginning test temperature (~72°F)

• Conduct 3 repeat 24-hour diurnal profiles following the U.S. EPA profile (~72°F-96°F-72°F)

• -Dec. 18, 2012

Proposed Test Procedures

Diurnal Test

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Proposed Test Procedure

Questions?

Dec. 18, 2012 18

Request for Cost Information

Currently drafting cost survey to evaluate economic impact for the proposed regulation and determine the cost for

required emission controls

• Request– Estimate increased manufacturing costs to comply with the proposed

evaporative emissions standards– Estimate increased costs for testing and certification

• Deadline: 1/30/2013

Dec. 18, 2012 19

Dec. 18, 2012 20

Emissions Inventory Update

• Updating Recreational Vehicle Emissions

• DRAFT statewide Recreational Vehicle

Emissions

• Findings from Draft Inventory

• Completing the Inventory

Dec. 18, 2012 21

Updating Recreational Vehicle Emissions

• Comprehensive Re-Evaluation of Model and Inputs– Updated population from ten years of DMV data (2001-2010)– Updated activity from surveys – Updated emission factors from testing and certification data– New forecast based on economic and demographic data– Reprogrammed modeling platform

• Current Status– Emissions are lower than previously forecast– Draft inventory is currently being updated– Rule scenarios are not yet completed

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Dec. 18, 201223

2010 20200

20

40

60

80

100

120

2007 Inventory Current Draft Inventory

Sum

mer

VO

C (

Ton

s/D

ay)

DRAFT Statewide Recreational Vehicle Emissions

DRAFT

Findings from Draft Inventory

• Huge decline in new OHRV vehicle sales resulting from the recession; extent of future rebound is uncertain

• More vehicles have four-stroke engines than previously estimated (have lower emissions than two-stroke)

• Vehicles last longer than previously estimated• Survey shows lower activity that declines with age

more than previously estimated• Emission factors still being evaluated

Dec. 18, 2012 24

Completing the Inventory

• Updating population with the latest DMV data• Updating emission forecast with latest economic

forecasting information• Updating emission factors with latest testing data

and analysis• Assessing rule scenario• Will present more detailed analysis and updated

inventory at future meetings• Will provide complete model inputs,

documentation and source code publiclyDec. 18, 2012 25

Emissions Inventory Update

Questions?

Dec. 18, 2012 26

Timeline

• Request for comments: March 1, 2013

• Inventory meeting: March, 2013

• 1085 data available: May, 2013

• Publish Reg. documents: May, 2013

• Board hearing: July, 2013

Dec. 18, 2012 27

ContactsFor Questions Concerning Evaporative Emissions

– Pippin Mader• Project Lead, Evaporative Control, Engineering, and Regulatory Development Section

– (916) 322-8930, pmader@arb.ca.gov

– Jim Watson• Manager, Evaporative Control, Engineering, and Regulatory Development Section

– (916) 327-1282, jwatson@arb.ca.gov

For Questions Concerning OHRV Certification– Steven Hada

• Staff APS, On-Road Light Duty Certification Section– (626) 575-6641, shada@arb.ca.gov

– Duc Nguyen • Manager, On-Road Light Duty Certification Section

– (626) 575-6844 dnguyen@arb.ca.gov

For Questions Concerning OHRV Emissions Inventory– David Chou

• Manager, Off-Road Modeling and Assessment Section– (626) 450-6136, cchou@arb.ca.gov

Dec. 18, 2012 28