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MULTI MODAL PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM:
As Green Initiative
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INTRODUCTION
Involves co-ordinated use of different modes of
transportation, particularly in metro cities.
In metro cities the urbanization and migration
pattern have direct impact on intra-urban , sub
urban and inter-urban transport and vice versa.
Hence various modes of transports such as
metro, bus, feeder bus etc. are required to beintegrated with each other
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The role of the each mode should be
complement to main mode and not compete
with other mode of systems.
Thus, green initiatives are important to provide
sustainable development approach to MMPTS i.e.
availability of various modes provides access to
the development of economy and regionalgrowth and limits CO2 emission within the
environments ability to absorb them.
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Concept of multi modal public
transport
Offers public transportation systems which areconnected and integrated with one another so that thetrip using public transportation from origin todestination will be more effective and efficient, both in
time and cost.
An integrated system of road, rail, water, air basedtransport.
Has integrated schedules of many routes. Therefore.MMPT can be one solution to attract private vehicleusers to use public transport so that it can reduce thevolume of vehicles on the highway.
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Components of multi modal transport
system
MMPTS involves-
Rail facilities
Bus facilities
Water facilities
Air facilities
Passenger waiting area
Commercial facilities
Ticketing offices Parking facilities
Vertical and horizontal passenger link.
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Design approach is required to integrate allthese components for evolving of efficient
transport system. It includes assessment of
various parameters related to passenger
movement, functional requirements of whole
system, existing facilities and operation
conditions, etc and their projection for future
demand and supply.
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Multi modal transport project in INDIA
A)HYDERABADIn Hyderabad, MMTS includes local train servicein the city. It is operational since 2003, anassociate of south central railway and is presently
running 84 services per day, covering 27 stations.The first phase covers the distance of 43 kms at acost of Rs173 crores.
Transportation in Hyderabad constitutes
1) MMTS Stations
2) RAILWAY Stations
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The Falaknuma- Hyderabad is a rapid transit
service of MMTS of Hyderabad and it covers
17 stations.
There is a combined pass issued by the state
owned Road Transport Corporation and
MMTS. Hence, purchasing a single pass allows
to travel by the bus as well as the train.
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B) DELHI
The govt. of Delhi has developed an integratedMMTS Project using different modes.
These modes includes BRTS, light rail and monorail inaddition to metro and the present bus services duly
integrated through multimodal interchange points. To implement this project, the govt. of NCT, Delhi has
incorporated a Special Purpose Vehicle under thename of DIMTS on 19th April, 2006.
It is responsible for all aspects of implementation,operation and maintenance of proposed project andassociated infrastructure.
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Constituents of MMPTS,DELHI
and their role in Green TransportMetro services-
Delhi metro has become the 1st railway project in theworld to be registered by UN under the CleanDevelopment Mechanism(CDM) which will enable it toclaim Carbon Credits.
Under the project, DMRC will earn Certified EmissionReduction(CERs) for the use of regenerative brakingsystem in its rolling stock under which, on theapplication of brakes the kinematic energy so released
starts a machine known as Converter- Inverter (CI)which enables recovery of a major portion ofconsumed electricity.
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Regenerative Braking in Metro Rolling Stock
Due to frequent acceleration & de-acceleration
requirements, energy demand is very high.
Traction accounts for about 60-80% of total
energy consumption in a Metro system.
By using intelligent blending of regenerative and
pneumatic braking, optimization of energy
recovery is achieved.
In addition to saving of electricity, regenerative
braking provides additional benefits in form oflesser wear of wheel and brake pads.
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If efficiently employed, this system helps to reduce
heat load inside tunnel and thus reduce AirConditioning load.
It helps in mitigating Global Warming by way ofreducing carbon emissions due to reduced electricity
requirements from grid. Metros have taken several energy saving initiatives like
regenerative braking, rationalization of trains during offpeak hours, building energy management etc.
Quantum of energy regenerated varies from 5% inHong Kong KCRC to 30% in Lisbon Metro and 34% inDelhi Metro.
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Schematic Diagram of
DMRC Rolling Stock
Propulsion ,system
Converter Inverter is the key
equipment, which extracts the kinetic
energy from vehicle during braking and
reconverts into electricity.
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Bus services-
Main mode as widely spread and connected by roadnetwork.
Recently, new CNG-Electric Hybrid Buses wereintroduced .
CNG-Electric hybrid Tata Star Bus is a result of alternatefuel technologies, including electric vehiclescomprising of an internal combustion CNG engine andan electric motor using regenerative energy system
Offers sustainable improvement in fuel economy and
thus leads to lower CO2 emission contributing to moreenvironment-friendly commercial passengertransportation applications.
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Bicycle & walking- are basically access andegress modes to public transport. In order to
promote these modes Delhi Cycling Clublaunched Heritage Ride in Sept. 2007. It promotescycling as environmental friendly and healthymode for short trips and creates awareness
amongst the people about the rich heritage &monuments of Delhi.
Climate bicycle & bus ride isa two year program launched in June 2009 to
raise awareness about climate change and greenhouse gas emissions amongst the public.
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PROMOTIONAL ACTIVITIES
Cycle for Hire Scheme at Delhi Metro- encourages thepeople to use bicycle for short distance at Delhi metro& nearby area with nominal charges.
Pool Cycle to Pedal in Bengaluru- the ministry of urbandevelopment is planning to introduce the concept ofpool cycle in garden city which will be operated byprivate agencies & NGOs. Bicycles will be stationed atimportant points like Bus stand , parks etc. and
bicycles will be given on rent with nominal fees. Thesystem which exists in France is being tried inBengaluru on pilot basis.
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Bengaluru Bus Day- event started by BMTC
on 4th day of each month starting from Feb
2010 with objective to encourage more
people to take the bus on that day instead of
their private vehicle. On this day feedbacks arealso taken for the further development in
public transport system.
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Green Urban Transport: Govt. Initiatives
Green fuel - the Euro IV or Bharat stage IV is thecountrys most environmental friendly fuel andIndia's largest step toward green vehicles as it ismandatory in most of the metro cities across the
country as they are expected to translate into less pollution
better mileage of vehicle
owing to lower quantity of sulphur in diesel.
Cost of the fuel is slightly high andvaries according to taxes across the states.
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Personal Rapid Transit System(Pod)
Recently, the government of Haryana proposed
this project which facilitates last mile connectivity
4-6 seated battery powered vehicle
without a driver
uses rubber wheels
usually runs on elevated guide ways.
The stations can be integrated into already existing
buildings, facilitating direct entry into malls, hotels andoffices.
estimated to be a Rs 5000 crores project in Gurgaon.
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Personal Rapid
Transit Vehicle Presently, Heathrow airport is the onlyplace where Pod is operational. Such
Pod can be proved as Green Rapid
Transit System.
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CONCLUSION
The sustainable MMPT requires integration ofmultiple modes with emphasis on mass rapidtransit and non-motorized transport.
Its success depends on network integration,unified ticketing system etc.
Unified ticketing system must be based onaffordability and socio-economic characteristic of
mass users and for this, co-ordination and co-operation among different transport authoritiesor operators is required.
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CONCLUSION
It is important to develop green modes bothin terms of technology and infrastructure.
It is estimated that green tyres (tyres with
lower rolling resistance) increases fuelefficiency by 6% to 8%.
Fuel choices for public transport must be
based on environmental demand & efficiencyand fuels like CNG, LPG, Bio-fuels etc. must bepromoted by restricting CO2 emission norms.
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