Multi Modal Public Transportation System as Green Initiative

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MULTI MODAL PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM:

As Green Initiative


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INTRODUCTION

Involves co-ordinated use of different modes of

transportation, particularly in metro cities.

In metro cities the urbanization and migration

pattern have direct impact on intra-urban , sub

urban and inter-urban transport and vice versa.

Hence various modes of transports such as

metro, bus, feeder bus etc. are required to beintegrated with each other


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The role of the each mode should be

complement to main mode and not compete

with other mode of systems.

Thus, green initiatives are important to provide

sustainable development approach to MMPTS i.e.

availability of various modes provides access to

the development of economy and regionalgrowth and limits CO2 emission within the

environments ability to absorb them.


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Concept of multi modal public

transport

Offers public transportation systems which areconnected and integrated with one another so that thetrip using public transportation from origin todestination will be more effective and efficient, both in

time and cost.

An integrated system of road, rail, water, air basedtransport.

Has integrated schedules of many routes. Therefore.MMPT can be one solution to attract private vehicleusers to use public transport so that it can reduce thevolume of vehicles on the highway.


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Components of multi modal transport

system

MMPTS involves-

Rail facilities

Bus facilities

Water facilities

Air facilities

Passenger waiting area

Commercial facilities

Ticketing offices Parking facilities

Vertical and horizontal passenger link.


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Design approach is required to integrate allthese components for evolving of efficient

transport system. It includes assessment of

various parameters related to passenger

movement, functional requirements of whole

system, existing facilities and operation

conditions, etc and their projection for future

demand and supply.


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Multi modal transport project in INDIA

A)HYDERABADIn Hyderabad, MMTS includes local train servicein the city. It is operational since 2003, anassociate of south central railway and is presently

running 84 services per day, covering 27 stations.The first phase covers the distance of 43 kms at acost of Rs173 crores.

Transportation in Hyderabad constitutes

1) MMTS Stations

2) RAILWAY Stations


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The Falaknuma- Hyderabad is a rapid transit

service of MMTS of Hyderabad and it covers

17 stations.

There is a combined pass issued by the state

owned Road Transport Corporation and

MMTS. Hence, purchasing a single pass allows

to travel by the bus as well as the train.


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B) DELHI

The govt. of Delhi has developed an integratedMMTS Project using different modes.

These modes includes BRTS, light rail and monorail inaddition to metro and the present bus services duly

integrated through multimodal interchange points. To implement this project, the govt. of NCT, Delhi has

incorporated a Special Purpose Vehicle under thename of DIMTS on 19th April, 2006.

It is responsible for all aspects of implementation,operation and maintenance of proposed project andassociated infrastructure.


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Constituents of MMPTS,DELHI

and their role in Green TransportMetro services-

Delhi metro has become the 1st railway project in theworld to be registered by UN under the CleanDevelopment Mechanism(CDM) which will enable it toclaim Carbon Credits.

Under the project, DMRC will earn Certified EmissionReduction(CERs) for the use of regenerative brakingsystem in its rolling stock under which, on theapplication of brakes the kinematic energy so released

starts a machine known as Converter- Inverter (CI)which enables recovery of a major portion ofconsumed electricity.


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Regenerative Braking in Metro Rolling Stock

Due to frequent acceleration & de-acceleration

requirements, energy demand is very high.

Traction accounts for about 60-80% of total

energy consumption in a Metro system.

By using intelligent blending of regenerative and

pneumatic braking, optimization of energy

recovery is achieved.

In addition to saving of electricity, regenerative

braking provides additional benefits in form oflesser wear of wheel and brake pads.


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If efficiently employed, this system helps to reduce

heat load inside tunnel and thus reduce AirConditioning load.

It helps in mitigating Global Warming by way ofreducing carbon emissions due to reduced electricity

requirements from grid. Metros have taken several energy saving initiatives like

regenerative braking, rationalization of trains during offpeak hours, building energy management etc.

Quantum of energy regenerated varies from 5% inHong Kong KCRC to 30% in Lisbon Metro and 34% inDelhi Metro.


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Schematic Diagram of

DMRC Rolling Stock

Propulsion ,system

Converter Inverter is the key

equipment, which extracts the kinetic

energy from vehicle during braking and

reconverts into electricity.


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Bus services-

Main mode as widely spread and connected by roadnetwork.

Recently, new CNG-Electric Hybrid Buses wereintroduced .

CNG-Electric hybrid Tata Star Bus is a result of alternatefuel technologies, including electric vehiclescomprising of an internal combustion CNG engine andan electric motor using regenerative energy system

Offers sustainable improvement in fuel economy and

thus leads to lower CO2 emission contributing to moreenvironment-friendly commercial passengertransportation applications.


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Bicycle & walking- are basically access andegress modes to public transport. In order to

promote these modes Delhi Cycling Clublaunched Heritage Ride in Sept. 2007. It promotescycling as environmental friendly and healthymode for short trips and creates awareness

amongst the people about the rich heritage &monuments of Delhi.

Climate bicycle & bus ride isa two year program launched in June 2009 to

raise awareness about climate change and greenhouse gas emissions amongst the public.


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PROMOTIONAL ACTIVITIES

Cycle for Hire Scheme at Delhi Metro- encourages thepeople to use bicycle for short distance at Delhi metro& nearby area with nominal charges.

Pool Cycle to Pedal in Bengaluru- the ministry of urbandevelopment is planning to introduce the concept ofpool cycle in garden city which will be operated byprivate agencies & NGOs. Bicycles will be stationed atimportant points like Bus stand , parks etc. and

bicycles will be given on rent with nominal fees. Thesystem which exists in France is being tried inBengaluru on pilot basis.


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Bengaluru Bus Day- event started by BMTC

on 4th day of each month starting from Feb

2010 with objective to encourage more

people to take the bus on that day instead of

their private vehicle. On this day feedbacks arealso taken for the further development in

public transport system.


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Green Urban Transport: Govt. Initiatives

Green fuel - the Euro IV or Bharat stage IV is thecountrys most environmental friendly fuel andIndia's largest step toward green vehicles as it ismandatory in most of the metro cities across the

country as they are expected to translate into less pollution

better mileage of vehicle

owing to lower quantity of sulphur in diesel.

Cost of the fuel is slightly high andvaries according to taxes across the states.


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Personal Rapid Transit System(Pod)

Recently, the government of Haryana proposed

this project which facilitates last mile connectivity

4-6 seated battery powered vehicle

without a driver

uses rubber wheels

usually runs on elevated guide ways.

The stations can be integrated into already existing

buildings, facilitating direct entry into malls, hotels andoffices.

estimated to be a Rs 5000 crores project in Gurgaon.


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Personal Rapid

Transit Vehicle Presently, Heathrow airport is the onlyplace where Pod is operational. Such

Pod can be proved as Green Rapid

Transit System.


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CONCLUSION

The sustainable MMPT requires integration ofmultiple modes with emphasis on mass rapidtransit and non-motorized transport.

Its success depends on network integration,unified ticketing system etc.

Unified ticketing system must be based onaffordability and socio-economic characteristic of

mass users and for this, co-ordination and co-operation among different transport authoritiesor operators is required.


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CONCLUSION

It is important to develop green modes bothin terms of technology and infrastructure.

It is estimated that green tyres (tyres with

lower rolling resistance) increases fuelefficiency by 6% to 8%.

Fuel choices for public transport must be

based on environmental demand & efficiencyand fuels like CNG, LPG, Bio-fuels etc. must bepromoted by restricting CO2 emission norms.


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Multi Modal Public Transportation System as Green Initiative

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