Molecular Biology of GenesChapters 11-12 +
DNA Technology (not in your book)
Double Stranded Helix
Nitrogenous Bases
So how do we copy it?
Genotype to Phenotype
Building Blocks of Proteins
tRNA
Ribosome StructureLarge Subunit
Small Subunit
Mutations
Sickle Cell Example
DNA Technology
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
- used to amplify DNA sequences
Gel electrophoresis sorts DNA molecules by size
+ +
– –
Powersource
Gel
Mixture of DNAmolecules ofdifferent sizes
Longermolecules
Shortermolecules
Completed gel
How Restriction Fragments Reflect DNA Sequence– Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs)
reflect differences in DNA samples
Crime scene Suspect
w
x
y y
z
CutCut
Cut
DNA from chromosomes
C
C
G
G
G
G
C
C
A
C
G
G
T
G
C
C
C
C
G
G
G
G
C
C
C
C
G
G
G
G
C
C
x, y, z = restriction fragments
Red line =restriction site
– After digestion by restriction enzymes the fragments are run through a gel
–
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Longerfragments
Shorterfragments
x
w
y
z
y
1 2Crime scene Suspect
w
x
y y
z
CutCut
Cut
DNA from chromosomes
CCGG
GGCC
ACGG
TGCC
CCGG
GGCC
CCGG
GGCC
DNA fingerprinting can help solve crimes
Defendant’sblood
Blood fromdefendant’s clothes
Victim’sblood
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