Modélisation de l’apprenantRoger Nkambou
IntroductionLes approchesLes servicesLes techniquesLe modèle de l’apprenant et la standardisation : Le e-Portfolio
ePortfolio : IMS Specification
IMS ePortfolio SpecificationThe ePortfolio Specification enables
the use of the Internet for personalized, competency-based learning and assessment, enhanced career planning, and improved employment opportunities
What an ePortfolio can contain
Digital products of learningPersonal information about the owner(s)Competencies of the owner(s)GoalsActivities undertaken or plannedAchievementsAccessibility preferencesInterests and valuesReflectionsAssertions and commentsTest and examination resultsInformation about activities undertaken and plannedInformation about creation and ownership of portfolio partsRelationships between parts of the portfolioDynamically-constructed views and presentations
Specification BenefitsImprove InteroperabilityTrack and improve management of skill and knowledge gapsSupport multiple languages and culturesSupport lifelong learningSave money and timeIncrease participative learningSupport accessibility preferences for all learnersSupport individual and group based learning
Types of ePortfolios supported
Assessment ePortfolios Demonstrate achievement via evidence related to standards Example: A nursing student submits an assessment portfolio as evidence of a
specific competency requirement.
Presentation ePortfolios Present an audience with evidence of learning and achievement. Example: a software engineer creates a presentation ePortfolio for use in a job
interview.
Learning ePortfolios Document, guide, and advance learning over time. Example: a secondary school student documents how his technology skills have
improved.
Personal Development ePortfolios Plan and record progress on career and knowledge goals.
Working ePortfolios Combination of the other eportfolios
The Need for StandardsWe need standards for ePortfolios which enable Portability of ePortfolios across
applications Comparability of portfolio data
across organizations Interoperability of applications with
other systems
Goals of the SpecificationPortability of portfolios between technical contexts System behavior out of scope
Accommodate diverse practices Across sectors Multiple types of tools
Reuse existing specifications Support use in common Internet technologies (e.g. XML)
LIP
ACCLIP
RDCEO
Enterprise
XSL
Components of Specification
Information Model Normative, not technology specific
Binding Normative XML schemas (4) + narrative
“Best Practices” Guide Non-normative Examples and suggestions Vocabularies
Rubric Specification Specification (information model) Binding (schema + narrative)
OSPI Implementation of IMS
Import and Export Using IMS ePortfolioReference implementation(s)OSP 1.6 - Winter 2004OSP 2.x - Spring 2005
Community Issues in ePortfolios
Validation and verificationComparabilityVocabulariesGranularity of relationships Discovery
European IMSwww.europeanims.org
Separate non-profit Incorporated in The Netherlands
Goals Ensure participation and use by Europe in open
specifications Support adoption of specifications by European
vendors Promote an inclusive, open, accessible, European
and Global elearning market (i.e. “level the playing field”)
Promote the development of open source libraries to foster implementation and innovation
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