Modélisation de l’apprenantRoger Nkambou

IntroductionLes approchesLes servicesLes techniquesLe modèle de l’apprenant et la standardisation : Le e-Portfolio

ePortfolio : IMS Specification

IMS ePortfolio SpecificationThe ePortfolio Specification enables

the use of the Internet for personalized, competency-based learning and assessment, enhanced career planning, and improved employment opportunities

What an ePortfolio can contain

Digital products of learningPersonal information about the owner(s)Competencies of the owner(s)GoalsActivities undertaken or plannedAchievementsAccessibility preferencesInterests and valuesReflectionsAssertions and commentsTest and examination resultsInformation about activities undertaken and plannedInformation about creation and ownership of portfolio partsRelationships between parts of the portfolioDynamically-constructed views and presentations

Specification BenefitsImprove InteroperabilityTrack and improve management of skill and knowledge gapsSupport multiple languages and culturesSupport lifelong learningSave money and timeIncrease participative learningSupport accessibility preferences for all learnersSupport individual and group based learning

Types of ePortfolios supported

Assessment ePortfolios Demonstrate achievement via evidence related to standards Example: A nursing student submits an assessment portfolio as evidence of a

specific competency requirement.

Presentation ePortfolios Present an audience with evidence of learning and achievement. Example: a software engineer creates a presentation ePortfolio for use in a job

interview.

Learning ePortfolios Document, guide, and advance learning over time. Example: a secondary school student documents how his technology skills have

improved.

Personal Development ePortfolios Plan and record progress on career and knowledge goals.

Working ePortfolios Combination of the other eportfolios

The Need for StandardsWe need standards for ePortfolios which enable Portability of ePortfolios across

applications Comparability of portfolio data

across organizations Interoperability of applications with

other systems

Goals of the SpecificationPortability of portfolios between technical contexts System behavior out of scope

Accommodate diverse practices Across sectors Multiple types of tools

Reuse existing specifications Support use in common Internet technologies (e.g. XML)

LIP

ACCLIP

RDCEO

Enterprise

XSL

Components of Specification

Information Model Normative, not technology specific

Binding Normative XML schemas (4) + narrative

“Best Practices” Guide Non-normative Examples and suggestions Vocabularies

Rubric Specification Specification (information model) Binding (schema + narrative)

OSPI Implementation of IMS

Import and Export Using IMS ePortfolioReference implementation(s)OSP 1.6 - Winter 2004OSP 2.x - Spring 2005

Community Issues in ePortfolios

Validation and verificationComparabilityVocabulariesGranularity of relationships Discovery

European IMSwww.europeanims.org

Separate non-profit Incorporated in The Netherlands

Goals Ensure participation and use by Europe in open

specifications Support adoption of specifications by European

vendors Promote an inclusive, open, accessible, European

and Global elearning market (i.e. “level the playing field”)

Promote the development of open source libraries to foster implementation and innovation