Medical Decision Making and Some Related IssuesDr. David Hsien-Wei TingMD, MBA, PhD*
Reference: Molecular Systems Biology 8: 612; doi:10.1038/msb.2012.47
Stakeholder of Medical Decision MakingPhysiciansDiagnosisTreatmentPatientsWhere to seek medical careDecision the recommends of physician Health Policy Makers and Health Insurers What to promoteWhat to Discourage What to Pay for
What is Data MiningData, Information, Knowledge
Software applications that process complex algorithms in order to provide meaningful information.
Beer and DiaperCredit Card
Data Mining: A KDD ProcessData CleaningData IntegrationDatabasesData WarehouseTask-relevant DataSelectionData MiningPattern Evaluation
Data Mining and Business Intelligence Increasing potentialto supportbusiness decisionsEnd UserBusiness Analyst DataAnalystDBA MakingDecisionsData PresentationVisualization TechniquesData MiningInformation DiscoveryData ExplorationOLAP, MDAStatistical Analysis, Querying and ReportingData Warehouses / Data MartsData SourcesPaper, Files, Information Providers, Database Systems, OLTP
What Information Technologies Can Do?Concept description: Characterization and discriminationAssociation (correlation and causality)Classification and PredictionCluster analysisTrend and evolution analysisOptimization and SimulationVisualization Other pattern-directed or statistical analysis
Knowledge Discovery and Make Decision
Classification of Medical ProblemsPrediction Mortality prediction modelDiagnosis of malignancyBioinformaticsPublic health problemOptimization Hospital managementTreatment processes managementCost optimization
Data Mining in MedicineMortality prediction modelDiagnosis of malignancy: OBS, Prostate Ca, Liver tumorBioinformatics: Prediction and discoveryPublic health problem: infection control, find associations of the diseaseHospital management: working flow processing, optimization, prediction.
National Health Insurance Research Database99%87()89 http://nhird.nhri.org.tw/brief_01.htm
Studies from National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD)
Chart1
12
19
32
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64
48
90
77
134
123
169
242
381
years
paper numbers
Sheet1
200012
200119
200232
200333
200464
200548
200690
200777
2008134
2009123
2010169
2011242
2012381
Sheet1
years
paper numbers
Sheet2
Sheet3
The Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage ResearchesEpidemiology:Age, gender,cost, etc..Definition of prolong ICU stay with Change point analysisFind predispose Factors for prolong ICU stayOutcome compared : Surgery or notThe influence of hospital size and hospital typesAssociation studiesClassification :CART, SVM, etc..Association rulesSequential analysis
Data Management Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID2005) in National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD)The million subjects dataset were constructed from all subjects with National Health Insurance in 2005 by random sampling in Taiwan. Outpatients and inpatients data with details recorded for each visit/stay from 2001 to 2009. Inclusion criteria ICD 9 = 431. Exclusion criteriatraumatic intracranial hemorrhage (TICH)ICD-9 =800 ~804.99, 850~854.19, 959.01 and 959.09Financial data were collected. Data See http://nhird.nhri.org.tw/date_01.htm
Results
Prolong ICU stay Definition
K-M curve of ICH patients
Kaplan-Meier Curve of survival (Surgery v.s. Non-Surgery)
Chart1
10.999
0.980.989
0.9480.969
0.9220.947
0.890.934
0.8730.925
0.8620.915
0.8510.906
0.8430.9
0.840.895
0.8330.89
0.8240.883
0.8230.878
0.8170.872
0.8130.866
0.8120.857
0.8120.853
0.810.845
0.8090.839
0.8070.836
0.8040.833
0.8020.829
0.8020.826
0.80.824
0.7990.822
0.7970.818
0.7960.812
0.7960.809
0.7940.808
0.7920.806
0.7920.802
0.7910.8
0.790.798
0.7890.795
0.7880.793
0.7870.792
0.7870.79
0.7860.789
0.7840.784
0.7840.777
0.7830.775
0.7820.772
0.7820.769
0.7810.768
0.7790.767
0.7790.766
0.7780.763
0.7770.762
0.7760.757
0.7750.751
0.7740.744
0.7740.743
0.7730.742
0.7730.741
0.7720.74
0.7710.738
0.7710.737
0.770.736
0.7690.735
0.7680.734
0.7680.732
0.7670.731
0.7660.73
0.7660.729
0.7650.728
0.7640.726
0.7640.724
0.7630.723
0.7630.722
0.7620.72
0.7610.719
0.7610.718
0.760.716
0.7590.714
0.7590.713
0.7580.712
0.7580.711
0.7570.708
0.7560.707
0.7560.706
0.7550.705
0.7550.704
0.7530.703
0.7530.701
0.7520.7
0.7510.699
0.750.698
0.7490.697
0.7480.695
0.7470.694
0.7460.693
0.7450.692
0.7450.691
0.7440.689
0.7430.688
0.7430.687
0.7420.686
0.7410.685
0.740.683
0.740.682
0.7390.677
0.7380.674
0.7380.673
0.7370.671
0.7360.67
0.7360.669
0.7350.668
0.734
0.733
0.733
0.732
0.732
0.731
0.73
0.73
Non-surgery
Surgery
Time (Days)
Survival rate
K_M
1011.00011608
32010.980321577
830.00310.948831526
1250.00510.9221251484
1770.00810.8901771432
2040.01110.8732041405
2220.01410.8622221387
2400.01610.8512401369
2520.01910.8432521357
2580.02210.8402581351
2680.02510.8332681341
2830.02710.8242831326
2850.0310.8232851324
2940.03310.8172941315
3010.03610.8133011308
3020.03810.8123021307
3030.04110.8123031306
3060.04410.8103061303
3080.04710.8093081301
3110.04910.8073111298
3150.05210.8043151294
3180.05810.8023181291
3190.0610.8023191290
3210.06310.8003211288
3240.06610.7993241285
3270.06810.7973271282
3280.07110.7963281281
3290.07710.7963291280
3320.08510.7943321277
3340.0910.7923341275
3350.09610.7923351274
3370.10110.7913371272
3380.1110.7903381271
3390.11210.7893391270
3410.11510.7883411268
3420.12110.7873421267
3430.12310.7873431266
3450.12610.7863451264
3470.12910.7843471262
3480.13210.7843481261
3490.13410.7833491260
3500.14210.7823501259
3510.15110.7823511258
3530.15910.7813531256
3550.16710.7793551254
3560.1710.7793561253
3570.17810.7783571252
3590.18610.7773591250
3610.19210.7763611248
3620.19710.7753621247
3630.20510.7743631246
3640.21110.7743641245
3650.21610.7733651244
3660.21910.7733661243
3670.22510.7723671242
3680.22710.7713681241
3690.23310.7713691240
3700.24410.7703701239
3720.24910.7693721237
3730.2610.7683731236
3740.26310.7683741235
3750.26810.7673751234
3760.27110.7663761233
3770.28510.7663771232
3780.28810.7653781231
3790.2910.7643791230
3800.30110.7643801229
3810.31510.7633811228
3820.32310.7633821227
3830.33410.7623831226
3840.3410.7613841225
3850.34810.7613851224
3860.35310.7603861223
3870.36410.7593871222
3880.37510.7593881221
3890.37810.7583891220
3900.38110.7583901219
3910.38910.7573911218
3920.39710.7563921217
3930.410.7563931216
3940.40810.7553941215
3950.41110.7553951214
3970.41610.7533971212
3980.42210.7533981211
3990.42710.7523991210
4000.43310.7514001209
4020.44410.7504021207
4040.45510.7494041205
4050.45810.7484051204
4070.47710.7474071202
4080.49310.7464081201
4100.50410.7454101199
4110.50710.7454111198
4120.52110.7444121197
4130.55910.7434131196
4140.57310.7434141195
4150.57510.7424151194
4170.58110.7414171192
4180.58910.7404181191
4190.610.7404191190
4200.60310.7394201189
4210.60510.7384211188
4220.60810.7384221187
4230.61410.7374231186
4240.62710.7364241185
4250.63310.7364251184
4270.67910.7354271182
4280.68510.7344281181
4290.70410.7334291180
4300.70710.7334301179
4310.71510.7324311178
4320.75110.7324321177
4330.78910.7314331176
4340.80810.7304341175
4350.81610.7304351174
4511.03310.7204511158
4521.04110.7194521157
4531.04710.7184531156
4541.05210.7184541155
4551.07410.7174551154
4561.0910.7174561153
4571.09910.7164571152
4581.12910.7154581151
4591.13410.7154591150
4601.14510.7144601149
4611.16210.7134611148
4621.21610.7134621147
4631.2310.7124631146
4641.24410.7124641145
4651.25510.7114651144
4821.43310.7004821127
4831.43610.7004831126
4841.45210.6994841125
4851.45810.6994851124
4861.4610.6984861123
4871.52110.6974871122
4881.53210.6974881121
4891.54810.6964891120
4901.57310.6954901119
4911.57510.6954911118
4931.58610.6944931116
4941.59510.6934941115
4951.63310.6924951114
4961.63810.6924961113
4971.65510.6914971112
4981.6610.6904981111
4991.72610.6904991110
5001.73210.6895001109
5011.73410.6895011108
5021.7410.6885021107
5031.74810.6875031106
5041.78910.6875041105
5051.810.6865051104
5061.81110.6865061103
5071.82210.6855071102
5081.84710.6845081101
5091.8910.6845091100
5101.90110.6835101099
5111.9110.6825111098
5121.91510.6825121097
5131.91810.6815131096
5141.92610.6815141095
5151.95310.6805151094
5161.98110.6795161093
5171.98910.6795171092
5181.99510.6785181091
5192.00310.6775191090
5232.02510.6775201086
5392.05510.6765211070
5572.13410.6755231052
5802.22710.6735261029
6012.31210.6705311008
6082.3410.6695321001
6092.34210.6685331000
6202.41110.668534989
6352.46610.664540974
6362.47110.663541973
6582.61610.660545951
6592.61910.659546950
6692.68810.659547940
6862.76710.657550923
7022.82510.656551907
7152.86810.653555894
7272.90710.652556882
7452.95910.651557864
7572.99710.650559852
7713.03610.648562838
7893.11510.646564820
7983.15910.645565811
8183.22710.643568791
8353.34810.641570774
8583.47110.639573751
8793.61910.637575730
8853.65510.635577724
9083.76710.634578701
9784.04410.632580631
10144.21910.630582595
10184.24110.627585591
10204.25210.625587589
10674.52110.619592542
10744.57510.618593535
10784.58610.616595531
11064.74210.615596503
11284.84410.614597481
11565.00310.611599453
11785.12110.609600431
12145.27710.608601395
12785.76210.606602331
1010.9991836
90.00310.9899828
260.00510.96926811
440.00810.94744793
550.01110.93455782
630.01410.92563774
710.01610.91571766
790.01910.90679758
840.02210.90084753
880.02510.89588749
920.02710.89092745
980.0310.88398739
1020.03310.878102735
1070.03810.872107730
1120.04110.866112725
1200.04410.857120717
1230.04710.853123714
1300.04910.845130707
1350.05510.839135702
1370.05810.836137700
1400.0610.833140697
1430.06610.829143694
1460.06810.826146691
1470.07110.824147690
1490.07410.822149688
1520.07710.818152685
1570.08510.812157680
1600.08810.809160677
1610.0910.808161676
1620.09310.806162675
1660.11210.802166671
1670.11510.800167670
1690.12610.798169668
1720.13210.795172665
1730.13410.793173664
1740.13710.792174663
1760.1410.790176661
1770.14810.789177660
1810.15610.784181656
1870.16710.777187650
1880.17810.775188649
1910.18110.772191646
1930.19210.769193644
1940.19510.768194643
1950.210.767195642
1960.20510.766196641
1980.21610.763198639
1990.2310.762199638
2030.28810.757203634
2080.3110.751208629
2140.32610.744214623
2150.32910.743215622
2160.33410.742216621
2170.33710.741217620
2180.3410.740218619
2190.34810.738219618
2200.35310.737220617
2210.35910.736221616
2220.36710.735222615
2230.37810.734223614
2240.39210.732224613
2250.39710.731225612
2260.410.730226611
2270.40310.729227610
2280.40510.728228609
2290.41910.726229608
2310.42710.724231606
2320.44110.723232605
2330.45510.722233604
2340.4610.720234603
2350.46310.719235602
2360.46610.718236601
2380.48210.716238599
2390.49310.714239598
2400.51810.713240597
2410.53410.712241596
2420.54510.711242595
2440.55310.708244593
2450.58410.707245592
2460.58610.706246591
2470.60810.705247590
2480.61410.704248589
2490.61910.703249588
2500.6310.701250587
2510.64110.700251586
2520.64710.699252585
2530.66310.698253584
2540.67410.697254583
2550.69310.695255582
2560.70410.694256581
2570.73210.693257580
2580.73410.692258579
2590.75310.691259578
2600.77510.689260577
2610.77810.688261576
2620.78110.687262575
2630.78410.686263574
2640.80510.685264573
2650.83610.683265572
2660.84910.682266571
2700.86810.677270567
2730.89910.674273564
2740.90710.673274563
2750.93210.671275562
2760.93410.670276561
2770.95910.669277560
2780.97810.668278559
279110.667279558
2801.01110.665280557
2811.01410.664281556
2821.03610.663282555
2831.03810.662283554
2841.04410.661284553
2851.06810.659285552
2871.07710.657287550
2881.07910.656288549
2891.08510.655289548
2901.09910.654290547
2911.11510.652291546
2921.11810.651292545
2961.18610.646296541
2971.22510.645297540
2981.24110.644298539
2991.26610.643299538
3001.29910.642300537
3011.37810.640301536
3021.38410.639302535
3031.40510.638303534
3041.40810.637304533
3051.42210.636305532
3061.4610.634306531
3071.47910.633307530
3081.49310.632308529
3091.55610.631309528
3101.57810.630310527
3111.59510.628311526
3121.60310.627312525
3131.61110.626313524
3141.63810.625314523
3151.70710.624315522
3161.7110.622316521
3171.71510.621317520
3181.72110.620318519
3191.82510.619319518
3201.83810.618320517
3211.84710.616321516
3221.8910.615322515
3231.94810.614323514
3241.98910.613324513
3252.00310.612325512
3312.02210.609327506
3392.07910.608328498
3482.15610.606330489
3512.18610.604331486
3662.31810.602333471
3692.32910.601334468
3702.33210.599335467
3732.3410.597337464
3832.43610.595338454
3862.44710.594339451
3932.55310.590342444
4002.64910.585346437
4072.69310.583347430
4102.70110.582348427
4112.70410.581349426
4142.73210.579350423
4182.75310.578351419
4232.77510.577352414
4442.94510.575353393
4492.98910.574354388
4583.05810.571356379
4693.11210.566359368
4733.14810.563361364
4813.20810.561362356
5293.82710.558364308
5393.92310.556365298
5594.11810.554366278
5774.41410.552367260
5934.75110.550368244
6064.90110.547369231
6575.43610.544370180
K_M
non-surgery
surgery
time (year)
survival rate
K_M one year
time(day)
1001111608
320010.98321577
830.0031.09510.948831526
1250.0051.82510.9221251484
1770.0082.9210.891771432
2040.0114.01510.8732041405
2220.0145.1110.8622221387
2400.0165.8410.8512401369
2520.0196.93510.8432521357
2580.0228.0310.842581351
2680.0259.12510.8332681341
2830.0279.85510.8242831326
2850.0310.9510.8232851324
2940.03312.04510.8172941315
3010.03613.1410.8133011308
3020.03813.8710.8123021307
3030.04114.96510.8123031306
3060.04416.0610.813061303
3080.04717.15510.8093081301
3110.04917.88510.8073111298
3150.05218.9810.8043151294
3180.05821.1710.8023181291
3190.0621.910.8023191290
3210.06322.99510.83211288
3240.06624.0910.7993241285
3270.06824.8210.7973271282
3280.07125.91510.7963281281
3290.07728.10510.7963291280
3320.08531.02510.7943321277
3340.0932.8510.7923341275
3350.09635.0410.7923351274
3370.10136.86510.7913371272
3380.1140.1510.793381271
3390.11240.8810.7893391270
3410.11541.97510.7883411268
3420.12144.16510.7873421267
3430.12344.89510.7873431266
3450.12645.9910.7863451264
3470.12947.08510.7843471262
3480.13248.1810.7843481261
3490.13448.9110.7833491260
3500.14251.8310.7823501259
3510.15155.11510.7823511258
3530.15958.03510.7813531256
3550.16760.95510.7793551254
3560.1762.0510.7793561253
3570.17864.9710.7783571252
3590.18667.8910.7773591250
3610.19270.0810.7763611248
3620.19771.90510.7753621247
3630.20574.82510.7743631246
3640.21177.01510.7743641245
3650.21678.8410.7733651244
3660.21979.93510.7733661243
3670.22582.12510.7723671242
3680.22782.85510.7713681241
3690.23385.04510.7713691240
3700.24489.0610.773701239
3720.24990.88510.7693721237
3730.2694.910.7683731236
3740.26395.99510.7683741235
3750.26897.8210.7673751234
3760.27198.91510.7663761233
3770.285104.02510.7663771232
3780.288105.1210.7653781231
3790.29105.8510.7643791230
3800.301109.86510.7643801229
3810.315114.97510.7633811228
3820.323117.89510.7633821227
3830.334121.9110.7623831226
3840.34124.110.7613841225
3850.348127.0210.7613851224
3860.353128.84510.763861223
3870.364132.8610.7593871222
3880.375136.87510.7593881221
3890.378137.9710.7583891220
3900.381139.06510.7583901219
3910.389141.98510.7573911218
3920.397144.90510.7563921217
3930.414610.7563931216
3940.408148.9210.7553941215
3950.411150.01510.7553951214
3970.416151.8410.7533971212
3980.422154.0310.7533981211
3990.427155.85510.7523991210
4000.433158.04510.7514001209
4020.444162.0610.754021207
4040.455166.07510.7494041205
4050.458167.1710.7484051204
4070.477174.10510.7474071202
4080.493179.94510.7464081201
4100.504183.9610.7454101199
4110.507185.05510.7454111198
4120.521190.16510.7444121197
4130.559204.03510.7434131196
4140.573209.14510.7434141195
4150.575209.87510.7424151194
4170.581212.06510.7414171192
4180.589214.98510.744181191
4190.621910.744191190
4200.603220.09510.7394201189
4210.605220.82510.7384211188
4220.608221.9210.7384221187
4230.614224.1110.7374231186
4240.627228.85510.7364241185
4250.633231.04510.7364251184
4270.679247.83510.7354271182
4280.685250.02510.7344281181
4290.704256.9610.7334291180
4300.707258.05510.7334301179
4310.715260.97510.7324311178
4320.751274.11510.7324321177
4330.789287.98510.7314331176
4340.808294.9210.734341175
4350.816297.8410.734351174
10010.9991836
90.0031.09510.9899828
260.0051.82510.96926811
440.0082.9210.94744793
550.0114.01510.93455782
630.0145.1110.92563774
710.0165.8410.91571766
790.0196.93510.90679758
840.0228.0310.984753
880.0259.12510.89588749
920.0279.85510.8992745
980.0310.9510.88398739
1020.03312.04510.878102735
1070.03813.8710.872107730
1120.04114.96510.866112725
1200.04416.0610.857120717
1230.04717.15510.853123714
1300.04917.88510.845130707
1350.05520.07510.839135702
1370.05821.1710.836137700
1400.0621.910.833140697
1430.06624.0910.829143694
1460.06824.8210.826146691
1470.07125.91510.824147690
1490.07427.0110.822149688
1520.07728.10510.818152685
1570.08531.02510.812157680
1600.08832.1210.809160677
1610.0932.8510.808161676
1620.09333.94510.806162675
1660.11240.8810.802166671
1670.11541.97510.8167670
1690.12645.9910.798169668
1720.13248.1810.795172665
1730.13448.9110.793173664
1740.13750.00510.792174663
1760.1451.110.79176661
1770.14854.0210.789177660
1810.15656.9410.784181656
1870.16760.95510.777187650
1880.17864.9710.775188649
1910.18166.06510.772191646
1930.19270.0810.769193644
1940.19571.17510.768194643
1950.27310.767195642
1960.20574.82510.766196641
1980.21678.8410.763198639
1990.2383.9510.762199638
2030.288105.1210.757203634
2080.31113.1510.751208629
2140.326118.9910.744214623
2150.329120.08510.743215622
2160.334121.9110.742216621
2170.337123.00510.741217620
2180.34124.110.74218619
2190.348127.0210.738219618
2200.353128.84510.737220617
2210.359131.03510.736221616
2220.367133.95510.735222615
2230.378137.9710.734223614
2240.392143.0810.732224613
2250.397144.90510.731225612
2260.414610.73226611
2270.403147.09510.729227610
2280.405147.82510.728228609
2290.419152.93510.726229608
2310.427155.85510.724231606
2320.441160.96510.723232605
2330.455166.07510.722233604
2340.46167.910.72234603
2350.463168.99510.719235602
2360.466170.0910.718236601
2380.482175.9310.716238599
2390.493179.94510.714239598
2400.518189.0710.713240597
2410.534194.9110.712241596
2420.545198.92510.711242595
2440.553201.84510.708244593
2450.584213.1610.707245592
2460.586213.8910.706246591
2470.608221.9210.705247590
2480.614224.1110.704248589
2490.619225.93510.703249588
2500.63229.9510.701250587
2510.641233.96510.7251586
2520.647236.15510.699252585
2530.663241.99510.698253584
2540.674246.0110.697254583
2550.693252.94510.695255582
2560.704256.9610.694256581
2570.732267.1810.693257580
2580.734267.9110.692258579
2590.753274.84510.691259578
2600.775282.87510.689260577
2610.778283.9710.688261576
2620.781285.06510.687262575
2630.784286.1610.686263574
2640.805293.82510.685264573
2650.836305.1410.683265572
2660.849309.88510.682266571
2700.868316.8210.677270567
2730.899328.13510.674273564
2740.907331.05510.673274563
2750.932340.1810.671275562
2760.934340.9110.67276561
2770.959350.03510.669277560
2780.978356.9710.668278559
K_M one year
Non-surgery
Surgery
Time (Days)
Survival rate
data
OPageTOT_MED_DOTROOM_DOTDRUG_DOTOP_DOTACU_BED_DAYSICU_DAYSsurvival time
064.1107474.6941510.712476.75019.64.162.4
15.1264390.02582892.68656196.51050.59.61.1
160.6457233.88135686.7555644.9941497.7455.115.356.5
15.0471561.404150311.94770091.11228575.28583.818.11.5
62.9227159.2673736.9327248.5514200.1731.87.960.4
15.1386721.31119337.67464624.84725826.03666.014.20.9
0358213844160
8813276318730
115241452318551383
1571950102336953
75722458908473
1289139782154861
a
95%
OP
05.1960.0915.0185.374
14.710.1294.4574.962
5.0340.0744.8885.18
mortality
OP
01
month_dead012806821962
1329155484
1609837244634.2%
20.4%18.5%19.8%
The Big Data Volume()Velocity()Variety()Veracity()
The Advantages of Big Data (data exhaust)
The Value Construct of Big DataBig data ownerBig data analyzer Big data thought
30application (APP)
The Acute Appendicitis Surgical Decision Support SystemJ Chin Med Assoc 2010;73(8):401406
Mortality Prediction ModelsZi = 1, if patients data are normalZi = -1, if patients data are abnormalZi = 0, if missing dataW: weight of patients dataZ = patients real data W= weight of patients dataM=parameters of patients dataF(Z)=function of patients data distribution, F(Z)= 0 if missing Expert Systems with Applications 38 (2011) 79247928
Concept of Medical Information Systemwith Big Data
Intra-data source
Medical database
External data source
Knowledge Based Data Management (automatic extraction, transformation and loading)
DATA
WAREHOUSE
Central metadata
OLAP and Data mining
Medical DSS
Data analysis
Medical DSS
Medical issues
Data analysis
Conceptual of EBM
Cloud Computing in Medicine
The Future Structural of Health Information System
HISHcIS Roadmap (2014~201X)
HIS (Hospital information system)
( EMR/HL7)
The Related Disciplines JAMIA. 2008;15:780782
Is the Medical Informatics and Bioinformatics the same Discipline?What is bioinformaticsStudies in vivoStudies in vitroWhat is DNA and RNAATCG and AUCGProtein and amino acid.Structural evaluation Studies in silico
JAMIA. 2007;14:340 348.
Information Technologies v.s. Medical Researches 1900s: try and error medicine1950s: experimental medicine2000s: medical informaticsMulti-discipline researchProblem define and solveIntegration between information management and medical problem
Before, the experiment led the medicine. Present, information will lead the medicine.
Thank You for Your Attention *
***After I get my master degree, I start to study the mortality prediction models in my hospital. I collected the physical data of intensive care unit patients in my hospital. The right column showed the nave Bayesian Model for the mortality prediction. Unfortunately, this model is not good enough in performance. So I modified this model. The new Bayesian model considers the characteristics of different physical data. Every physical data has its own data distribution. The distributions show as this figure. This new model displays a better performance than traditional prediction models. **
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