Arewethereyet?
Measuring iPv6 in 2016
Geoff HustonAPNIC
Aquestiontoeachofyou…
Aquestiontoeachofyou…
HowmanyIPv6presentationshaveyousatthrough?
Aquestiontoeachofyou…
HowmanyIPv6presentationshaveyousatthrough?
20?
100?
1,000?
I really don’t know!
IANA IPv4 Exhaustion
APNIC IPv4 Exhaustion
RIPE NCC IPv4 Exhaustion
LACNICIPv4 Exhaustion
ARIN IPv4 Exhaustion
MeasuringIPv6Howcanwe“measure”theuptakeofIPv6?– BGP:NetworkDeploymentnumbers
MeasuringIPv6
Howcanwe“measure”theuptakeofIPv6?– AlexaLists:DualStackservices
ISOC360DeployPages
MeasuringIPv6
Howcanwe“measure”theuptakeofIPv6?– IXstats:IPv6trafficstats
AMSIXTrafficStatistics
MeasuringIPv6
Howcanwe“measure”theuptakeofIPv6?– EndUserCapability:APNICmeasurements
APNIC’sMeasurementTechnique
• Embedatestscriptinanonlinead• HavethescriptgenerateasetofURLstofetch– Eachscriptusesuniquenamestoavoidcachingdistortion
• DirectalltheDNSandtheHTTPtraffictoasetofmeasurementservers
• Examinethetrafficprofileseenattheserver
HowWeMeasure
Weuseanonlineadtopresentasequenceofsmallfetchestotheuser’sbrowser
HowWeMeasure
ThesequenceoftestsisusedtotestanumberoftypesofactionsincludingfetchesofIPv4,IPv6andDualstack
HowWeMeasureWeusefullpacketcapturetorecordallpacketactivityattheexperiment’sservers
HowMuchdoWeMeasure?
5M sample points per day
Wherearewetoday?
• OriginallywethoughtthattheInternetwouldavoidcompleteIPv4exhaustionandadoptIPv6whiletherewasstillsomeIPv4leftintheunallocatedaddresspools
Wherearewetoday?
• OriginallywethoughtthattheInternetwouldavoidcompleteIPv4exhaustionandadoptIPv6whiletherewasstillsomeIPv4leftintheunallocatedaddresspools
Wherearewetoday?
• OriginallywethoughtthattheInternetwouldavoidcompleteIPv4exhaustionandadoptIPv6whiletherewasstillsomeIPv4leftintheunallocatedaddresspools
• ThenwethoughtthattherealityofIPv4exhaustionwouldpromptallserviceproviderstoacceleratetheirIPv6deploymentplans
Wherearewetoday?
• OriginallywethoughtthattheInternetwouldavoidcompleteIPv4exhaustionandadoptIPv6whiletherewasstillsomeIPv4leftintheunallocatedaddresspools
• ThenwethoughtthattherealityofIPv4exhaustionwouldpromptallserviceproviderstoacceleratetheirIPv6deploymentplans
GlobalUseofIPv6
Internet-wide use of IPv6 is around 8% today
WhereareIPv6Users?
WhereareIPv6Users?
WhereareIPv6Users?
Belgium
UnitedStates
Germany
Taiwan
Asia
Whatareweseeing?
IPv6deploymentisnothappeningeverywhere.
IPv6isnothappeningallatonce.
ButitIShappening.
But..
• WestillhearthatmanyISPsthinkthatIPv6isslowandreliable,andtheyarewaitingforthesituationtoimprove
• SoletslookatIPv6performance
Whatarewelookingatwhenwesay“IPv6Performance”?
• How“reliable”areIPv6connections?
• How“fast”areIPv6connections?
Whatarewelookingatwhenwesay“IPv6Performance”?
• How“reliable”areIPv6connections?
• How“fast”areIPv6connections?
Whatarewelookingat:
• How“reliable”areIPv6connections?
• How“fast”areIPv6connections?
Outbound SYN
Busted SYN ACKReturn path
Whatwesee:ConnectionFailure
serverclient
IPv4ConnectionFailure
Missing PCAP data
IPv4Failures
• IPv4failuresarearound1in500connectionattempts• HowdoesIPv6compare?
DailyIPv6Failures
DailyIPv6Failures
6to4 is highly unreliable!
DailyIPv6Failures
Unicast IPv6 shows moderate reliability
IPv6Failures
• 1in70connectionfailureforunicastV6isstillunacceptable!– IPv4hasacomparable1in500failurerate
• WhyisthishappeninginIPv6?– Auto-tunnelling?– LousyCPEfirmware?– Strangefirewallfilters?– Asymmetricrouting
IsIPv6failureuniformlydistributed?
IsIPv6failureuniformlydistributed?
FailurebyCountry
FailurebyNetwork
TheviewofTaiwan
Acautionarynote
• Theseare“singleshot”measurementsratherthansustainedrepeatedtest,sothereissomenoisecomponenthere
• Itsalsolikelythatconnectionfailureisrelatedtoconsumerequipmentratherthannetwork-levelfailure,asanetworklevelfailurewouldconventionallygiveafailureratecloserto100%than~10%
Whatarewelookingat:
• How“reliable”areIPv6connections?
• How“fast”areIPv6connections?
Let’slookatTCPSYNs
1 RTT interval
WhySYNs?
• EveryTCPsessionstartswithaSYNhandshake• Itstypicallyakernelleveloperation,whichmeansthatthereislittleinthewayofapplicationlevelinteractionwiththeSYNexchange
• Onthedownsidethereisonlyasinglesamplepointpermeasurement
GeneratingacomparativeRTTprofile
• Foreachsuccessfulconnectioncouplet(IPv4andIPv4)fromthesameendpoint,gatherthepairofRTTmeasurementsfromtheSYN-ACKexchanges• Usetheserver’sweblogstoassociateacoupletofIPv4andIPv6addresses
• UsethepacketdumpstocollectRTTinformationfromtheSYN-ACKExchange
• UseIPv6RTT– IPv4RTTasthemetric
AnExampleofPathDivergence$traceroutefromSingaporetoCanberra,IPv4tracerouteto202.158.xxxx.yyy,30hopsmax,60bytepackets1103.3.60.30.672ms0.796ms0.899ms2139.162.0.90.754ms0.708ms0.732ms3te0-1-0-21.br03.sin02.pccwbtn.net1.697ms0.760ms0.726ms4ntt.fe3-18.br01.sin02.pccwbtn.net69.526ms69.644ms69.754ms5ae-10.r20.sngpsi05.sg.bb.gin.ntt.net60.702ms68.474ms68.469ms6ae-8.r22.snjsca04.us.bb.gin.ntt.net168.447ms168.532ms168.138ms7ae-19.r01.snjsca04.us.bb.gin.ntt.net167.489ms170.665ms178.832ms8xe-0-8-0-21.r01.snjsca04.us.ce.gin.ntt.net330.084ms323.556ms329.772ms9xe-1-0-1.pe1.msct.nsw.aarnet.net.au330.020ms323.738ms334.474ms10et-3-3-0.pe1.rsby.nsw.aarnet.net.au327.788ms334.157ms328.199ms11138.44.161.6323.644ms319.455ms323.563ms12202.158.xxx.yyy319.885ms333.933ms325.014ms
$traceroute from CanberratoSingapore,IPv4traceroute to139.162.xxx.yyy,64hops max,52byte packets1202.158.x.y0.682ms0.388ms0.313ms2xe-5-0-4-205.pe1.actn.act.aarnet.net.a0.721ms0.828ms0.674ms3et-0-3-0.pe1.rsby.nsw.aarnet.net.au4.548ms4.733ms4.533ms4et-7-1-0.pe1.brwy.nsw.aarnet.net.au4.734ms5.418ms4.745ms5et-0-3-0.pe1.bkvl.nsw.aarnet.net.au5.117ms5.512ms5.524ms6xe-0-0-0.bb1.b.sea.aarnet.net.au148.017ms148.019ms148.131ms7ge3-0.cr02.sea01.pccwbtn.net(206.81.80.13)148.469ms148.059ms148.429ms8tenge0-2-0-14.br03.sin02.pccwbtn.net319.435ms325.053ms319.117ms9tenge0-2-0-15.br03.sin02.pccwbtn.net319.257ms332.560ms323.415ms10linode.te0-1-0-21.br03.sin02.pccwbtn.net323.723ms323.627ms323.587ms11139.162.aaa.bbb334.609ms347.243ms347.220ms12139.162.xxx.yyy325.186ms338.209ms325.603ms
IPv4
AnExampleofPathDivergence$traceroutefromSingaporetoCanberra,IPv6traceroute6to2001:388:1000:110:e4d:e9ff:x:y,30hopsmax,80bytepackets12400:8901::5287:89ff:fe40:9fc10.897ms0.912ms1.051ms22400:8901:1111::10.851ms0.827ms0.792ms32001:cb0:2102:2:f::10.364ms0.333ms0.516ms42001:cb0:2102:2:f::10.502ms0.461ms0.431ms52001:cb0:21f0:1:17::22.512ms2.176ms3.445ms62001:cb0:21f0:1:17::22.354ms2.382ms1.238ms710gigabitethernet3-5.core1.sin1.he.net1.080ms1.034ms1.020ms810ge1-5.core1.tyo1.he.net88.053ms10ge1-16.core1.hkg1.he.net39.369ms10ge1-5.core1.tyo1.he.net88.084ms
910ge1-5.core1.tyo1.he.net88.157ms100ge8-1.core1.sea1.he.net192.408ms192.642ms
10100ge8-1.core1.sea1.he.net192.631ms192.608ms196.154ms11xe-1-0-1.pe2.brwy.nsw.aarnet.net.au214.176ms186.238ms213.061ms12et-3-1-0.pe1.brwy.nsw.aarnet.net.au211.298ms211.300ms214.200ms13et-1-1-0.pe1.rsby.nsw.aarnet.net.au211.492ms211.359ms211.427ms14et-0-3-0.pe1.actn.act.aarnet.net.au213.332ms211.458ms211.476ms152001:388:1000:110:e4d:e9ff:x.y213.274ms213.199ms213.169ms
$traceroutefromCanberratoSingapore,IPv6traceroute6to2400:8901::f03c:91ff:a:b)64hopsmax,12bytepackets12001:388:1000:110::x:y 0.808ms0.899ms1.586ms2xe-5-0-4-205.pe1.actn.act.aarnet.net.au1.633ms0.646ms0.578ms3et-0-1-0.pe1.dksn.act.aarnet.net.au0.682ms0.649ms0.694ms4et-5-3-0.pe1.crlt.vic.aarnet.net.au8.072ms8.086ms8.049ms5et-5-1-0.pe1.wmlb.vic.aarnet.net.au8.116ms8.055ms8.073ms6et-0-3-0.pe1.adel.sa.aarnet.net.au17.790ms16.984ms17.036ms7et-1-1-0.pe1.prka.sa.aarnet.net.au17.080ms17.152mset-0-3-0.pe1.eper.wa.aarnet.net.au43.319ms
8et-0-3-0.pe1.knsg.wa.aarnet.net.au43.357ms43.443ms43.353ms9gigabitethernet-5-1-0.bb1.b.per.aarnet.net.au43.849ms43.919ms43.850ms10so-0-0-0.bb1.a.sin.aarnet.net.au92.219ms92.275ms92.189ms11as6939.singapore.megaport.com212.347ms212.426ms212.471ms12***132400:8901:1110::2213.924ms213.904ms213.717ms142400:8901::f03c:91ff:a:b213.954ms213.393ms213.726ms
IPv4 – IPv6
GlobalResults
On average IPv6 is showing 10 – 20ms slower that IPv4
GlobalResults
Mean Standard Deviation per day of these measurements
Number of sample points per day
RelativeRTTDistribution
60 day average
IPv6Faster(ms) IPv4Faster(ms)
PerformancebyCountry
PerformancebyNetwork
India
TheUnitedStates
TheUnitedStates
AT&T- AS7018
IsIPv6as“good”asIPv4?
IsIPv6as“good”asIPv4?
IsIPv6asfastasIPv4?Basically,yesIPv6isfasterabouthalfofthetimeFor75%ofunicastcases,IPv6iswithin10msRTTofIPv4Sotheyperformatmuchthesamerate
(Butthat’sjustforunicastIPv6- theuseof6to4makesthisawholelotworse!)
IsIPv6as“good”asIPv4?
IsIPv6asrobustasIPv4?IPv4connectionreliabilitycurrentlysitsat0.2%
ThebasefailurerateofUnicastV6connectionattemptsat1.5%ofthetotalV6unicastconnectionsisnotbrilliant.
Itcouldbeawholelotbetter!
IsIPv6as“good”asIPv4?
Ifyoucanestablishaconnection,thenIPv4andIPv6appeartohavecomparableRTTmeasurementsacrossmostoftheInternet
Andthat’sgood!
ButtheoddsofestablishingthatconnectionarestillweightedinfavourofIPv4!
Andthat’snotgood!
That’s it!
http://stats.labs.apnic.net/v6perf
Aquestiontoeachofyou…
HowmanyIPv6presentationshaveyousatthrough?
21?
101?
1,001?
I don’t know – I was asleep by the end!
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