Measuring IPv6 in 2016, Taiwan Internet Forum

Arewethereyet?

Measuring iPv6 in 2016

Geoff HustonAPNIC

Aquestiontoeachofyou…


HowmanyIPv6presentationshaveyousatthrough?



20?

100?

1,000?

I really don’t know!

IANA IPv4 Exhaustion

APNIC IPv4 Exhaustion

RIPE NCC IPv4 Exhaustion

LACNICIPv4 Exhaustion

ARIN IPv4 Exhaustion

MeasuringIPv6Howcanwe“measure”theuptakeofIPv6?– BGP:NetworkDeploymentnumbers

MeasuringIPv6

Howcanwe“measure”theuptakeofIPv6?– AlexaLists:DualStackservices

ISOC360DeployPages

MeasuringIPv6

Howcanwe“measure”theuptakeofIPv6?– IXstats:IPv6trafficstats

AMSIXTrafficStatistics

MeasuringIPv6

Howcanwe“measure”theuptakeofIPv6?– EndUserCapability:APNICmeasurements

APNIC’sMeasurementTechnique

• Embedatestscriptinanonlinead• HavethescriptgenerateasetofURLstofetch– Eachscriptusesuniquenamestoavoidcachingdistortion

• DirectalltheDNSandtheHTTPtraffictoasetofmeasurementservers

• Examinethetrafficprofileseenattheserver

HowWeMeasure

Weuseanonlineadtopresentasequenceofsmallfetchestotheuser’sbrowser

HowWeMeasure

ThesequenceoftestsisusedtotestanumberoftypesofactionsincludingfetchesofIPv4,IPv6andDualstack

HowWeMeasureWeusefullpacketcapturetorecordallpacketactivityattheexperiment’sservers

HowMuchdoWeMeasure?

5M sample points per day

Wherearewetoday?

• OriginallywethoughtthattheInternetwouldavoidcompleteIPv4exhaustionandadoptIPv6whiletherewasstillsomeIPv4leftintheunallocatedaddresspools

Wherearewetoday?

• OriginallywethoughtthattheInternetwouldavoidcompleteIPv4exhaustionandadoptIPv6whiletherewasstillsomeIPv4leftintheunallocatedaddresspools

• ThenwethoughtthattherealityofIPv4exhaustionwouldpromptallserviceproviderstoacceleratetheirIPv6deploymentplans

GlobalUseofIPv6

Internet-wide use of IPv6 is around 8% today

WhereareIPv6Users?

Belgium

UnitedStates

Germany

Taiwan

Whatareweseeing?

IPv6deploymentisnothappeningeverywhere.

IPv6isnothappeningallatonce.

ButitIShappening.

But..

• WestillhearthatmanyISPsthinkthatIPv6isslowandreliable,andtheyarewaitingforthesituationtoimprove

• SoletslookatIPv6performance

Whatarewelookingatwhenwesay“IPv6Performance”?

• How“reliable”areIPv6connections?

• How“fast”areIPv6connections?

Whatarewelookingat:



Outbound SYN

Busted SYN ACKReturn path

Whatwesee:ConnectionFailure

serverclient

IPv4ConnectionFailure

Missing PCAP data

IPv4Failures

• IPv4failuresarearound1in500connectionattempts• HowdoesIPv6compare?

DailyIPv6Failures

DailyIPv6Failures

6to4 is highly unreliable!

DailyIPv6Failures

Unicast IPv6 shows moderate reliability

IPv6Failures

• 1in70connectionfailureforunicastV6isstillunacceptable!– IPv4hasacomparable1in500failurerate

• WhyisthishappeninginIPv6?– Auto-tunnelling?– LousyCPEfirmware?– Strangefirewallfilters?– Asymmetricrouting

IsIPv6failureuniformlydistributed?

FailurebyCountry

FailurebyNetwork

TheviewofTaiwan

Acautionarynote

• Theseare“singleshot”measurementsratherthansustainedrepeatedtest,sothereissomenoisecomponenthere

• Itsalsolikelythatconnectionfailureisrelatedtoconsumerequipmentratherthannetwork-levelfailure,asanetworklevelfailurewouldconventionallygiveafailureratecloserto100%than~10%

Whatarewelookingat:



Let’slookatTCPSYNs

1 RTT interval

WhySYNs?

• EveryTCPsessionstartswithaSYNhandshake• Itstypicallyakernelleveloperation,whichmeansthatthereislittleinthewayofapplicationlevelinteractionwiththeSYNexchange

• Onthedownsidethereisonlyasinglesamplepointpermeasurement

GeneratingacomparativeRTTprofile

• Foreachsuccessfulconnectioncouplet(IPv4andIPv4)fromthesameendpoint,gatherthepairofRTTmeasurementsfromtheSYN-ACKexchanges• Usetheserver’sweblogstoassociateacoupletofIPv4andIPv6addresses

• UsethepacketdumpstocollectRTTinformationfromtheSYN-ACKExchange

• UseIPv6RTT– IPv4RTTasthemetric

AnExampleofPathDivergence$traceroutefromSingaporetoCanberra,IPv4tracerouteto202.158.xxxx.yyy,30hopsmax,60bytepackets1103.3.60.30.672ms0.796ms0.899ms2139.162.0.90.754ms0.708ms0.732ms3te0-1-0-21.br03.sin02.pccwbtn.net1.697ms0.760ms0.726ms4ntt.fe3-18.br01.sin02.pccwbtn.net69.526ms69.644ms69.754ms5ae-10.r20.sngpsi05.sg.bb.gin.ntt.net60.702ms68.474ms68.469ms6ae-8.r22.snjsca04.us.bb.gin.ntt.net168.447ms168.532ms168.138ms7ae-19.r01.snjsca04.us.bb.gin.ntt.net167.489ms170.665ms178.832ms8xe-0-8-0-21.r01.snjsca04.us.ce.gin.ntt.net330.084ms323.556ms329.772ms9xe-1-0-1.pe1.msct.nsw.aarnet.net.au330.020ms323.738ms334.474ms10et-3-3-0.pe1.rsby.nsw.aarnet.net.au327.788ms334.157ms328.199ms11138.44.161.6323.644ms319.455ms323.563ms12202.158.xxx.yyy319.885ms333.933ms325.014ms

$traceroute from CanberratoSingapore,IPv4traceroute to139.162.xxx.yyy,64hops max,52byte packets1202.158.x.y0.682ms0.388ms0.313ms2xe-5-0-4-205.pe1.actn.act.aarnet.net.a0.721ms0.828ms0.674ms3et-0-3-0.pe1.rsby.nsw.aarnet.net.au4.548ms4.733ms4.533ms4et-7-1-0.pe1.brwy.nsw.aarnet.net.au4.734ms5.418ms4.745ms5et-0-3-0.pe1.bkvl.nsw.aarnet.net.au5.117ms5.512ms5.524ms6xe-0-0-0.bb1.b.sea.aarnet.net.au148.017ms148.019ms148.131ms7ge3-0.cr02.sea01.pccwbtn.net(206.81.80.13)148.469ms148.059ms148.429ms8tenge0-2-0-14.br03.sin02.pccwbtn.net319.435ms325.053ms319.117ms9tenge0-2-0-15.br03.sin02.pccwbtn.net319.257ms332.560ms323.415ms10linode.te0-1-0-21.br03.sin02.pccwbtn.net323.723ms323.627ms323.587ms11139.162.aaa.bbb334.609ms347.243ms347.220ms12139.162.xxx.yyy325.186ms338.209ms325.603ms

IPv4

AnExampleofPathDivergence$traceroutefromSingaporetoCanberra,IPv6traceroute6to2001:388:1000:110:e4d:e9ff:x:y,30hopsmax,80bytepackets12400:8901::5287:89ff:fe40:9fc10.897ms0.912ms1.051ms22400:8901:1111::10.851ms0.827ms0.792ms32001:cb0:2102:2:f::10.364ms0.333ms0.516ms42001:cb0:2102:2:f::10.502ms0.461ms0.431ms52001:cb0:21f0:1:17::22.512ms2.176ms3.445ms62001:cb0:21f0:1:17::22.354ms2.382ms1.238ms710gigabitethernet3-5.core1.sin1.he.net1.080ms1.034ms1.020ms810ge1-5.core1.tyo1.he.net88.053ms10ge1-16.core1.hkg1.he.net39.369ms10ge1-5.core1.tyo1.he.net88.084ms

910ge1-5.core1.tyo1.he.net88.157ms100ge8-1.core1.sea1.he.net192.408ms192.642ms

10100ge8-1.core1.sea1.he.net192.631ms192.608ms196.154ms11xe-1-0-1.pe2.brwy.nsw.aarnet.net.au214.176ms186.238ms213.061ms12et-3-1-0.pe1.brwy.nsw.aarnet.net.au211.298ms211.300ms214.200ms13et-1-1-0.pe1.rsby.nsw.aarnet.net.au211.492ms211.359ms211.427ms14et-0-3-0.pe1.actn.act.aarnet.net.au213.332ms211.458ms211.476ms152001:388:1000:110:e4d:e9ff:x.y213.274ms213.199ms213.169ms

$traceroutefromCanberratoSingapore,IPv6traceroute6to2400:8901::f03c:91ff:a:b)64hopsmax,12bytepackets12001:388:1000:110::x:y 0.808ms0.899ms1.586ms2xe-5-0-4-205.pe1.actn.act.aarnet.net.au1.633ms0.646ms0.578ms3et-0-1-0.pe1.dksn.act.aarnet.net.au0.682ms0.649ms0.694ms4et-5-3-0.pe1.crlt.vic.aarnet.net.au8.072ms8.086ms8.049ms5et-5-1-0.pe1.wmlb.vic.aarnet.net.au8.116ms8.055ms8.073ms6et-0-3-0.pe1.adel.sa.aarnet.net.au17.790ms16.984ms17.036ms7et-1-1-0.pe1.prka.sa.aarnet.net.au17.080ms17.152mset-0-3-0.pe1.eper.wa.aarnet.net.au43.319ms

8et-0-3-0.pe1.knsg.wa.aarnet.net.au43.357ms43.443ms43.353ms9gigabitethernet-5-1-0.bb1.b.per.aarnet.net.au43.849ms43.919ms43.850ms10so-0-0-0.bb1.a.sin.aarnet.net.au92.219ms92.275ms92.189ms11as6939.singapore.megaport.com212.347ms212.426ms212.471ms12***132400:8901:1110::2213.924ms213.904ms213.717ms142400:8901::f03c:91ff:a:b213.954ms213.393ms213.726ms

IPv4 – IPv6

GlobalResults

On average IPv6 is showing 10 – 20ms slower that IPv4

GlobalResults

Mean Standard Deviation per day of these measurements

Number of sample points per day

RelativeRTTDistribution

60 day average

IPv6Faster(ms) IPv4Faster(ms)

PerformancebyCountry

PerformancebyNetwork

TheUnitedStates

AT&T- AS7018

IsIPv6as“good”asIPv4?


IsIPv6asfastasIPv4?Basically,yesIPv6isfasterabouthalfofthetimeFor75%ofunicastcases,IPv6iswithin10msRTTofIPv4Sotheyperformatmuchthesamerate

(Butthat’sjustforunicastIPv6- theuseof6to4makesthisawholelotworse!)


IsIPv6asrobustasIPv4?IPv4connectionreliabilitycurrentlysitsat0.2%

ThebasefailurerateofUnicastV6connectionattemptsat1.5%ofthetotalV6unicastconnectionsisnotbrilliant.

Itcouldbeawholelotbetter!


Ifyoucanestablishaconnection,thenIPv4andIPv6appeartohavecomparableRTTmeasurementsacrossmostoftheInternet

Andthat’sgood!

ButtheoddsofestablishingthatconnectionarestillweightedinfavourofIPv4!

Andthat’snotgood!

That’s it!

http://stats.labs.apnic.net/v6perf



21?

101?

1,001?

I don’t know – I was asleep by the end!

Measuring IPv6 in 2016, Taiwan Internet Forum

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