CHAPTER
1
MASSACHUSETTS GRADE 7
Labzone
lesson 1 Rocks and Weathering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8mathdo the Which Weathered Faster? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Inquiry Skill: Control Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
lesson 2 How Soil Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Inquiry Skill: Form Operational Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
lesson 3 Soil Conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Inquiry Skill: Observe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Study Guide & Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . . . 26 Review the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Apply the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Standardized Test Prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28• Hasta la Vista, Regular Concrete • The Plant Doctor
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Weathering and Soil The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 What processes break down rock?
Vocabulary Skill: Suffixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Scenario Investigation: In Memory of Winifred . . . . . . . .6
Enter the Lab zone for hands-on inquiry .
Scenario Investigation: In Memory of Winifred
Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: Investigating Soils and Drainage • Open Inquiry: Investigating Soils and Drainage
Inquiry Warm-Ups: • How Fast Can It Fizz? • What Is Soil? • How Can You Keep Soil From Washing Away?
Quick Labs: • Freezing and Thawing • Rusting Away • It’s All on the Surface • The Contents of Soil • Using It Up • Soil Conservation
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Table of Contents
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lesson 1Forces in Earth’s Crust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Inquiry Skill: Make Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
lesson 2Earthquakes and Seismic Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Inquiry Skill: Infer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
mathdo the Calculate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
lesson 3Monitoring Earthquakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Inquiry Skill: Predict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Study Guide & Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . . . 60 Review the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Apply the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Standardized Test Prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64• Seismic-Safe Buildings • What Do the Toads Know? • Forensic Seismology
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Enter the Lab zone for hands-on inquiry .
STEM Activity: Shake, Rattle, and Roll
Chapter Lab Investigation:
• Directed Inquiry: Finding the Epicenter • Open Inquiry: Finding the Epicenter
Inquiry Warm-Ups: • How Does Stress Affect Earth’s Crust? • How Do Seismic Waves Travel Through Earth? • How Can Seismic Waves Be Detected?
Quick Labs: • Effects of Stress • Modeling Faults • Modeling Stress • Properties of Seismic Waves • Measuring Earthquakes • Design a Seismograph • Earthquake Patterns
Earthquakes The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Why do earthquakes occur more often in some
places than in others?
Vocabulary Skill: Identify Multiple Meanings . . . . . 32Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
STEM Activity: Shake, Rattle, and Roll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
CHAPTER
2
Labzone
lesson 1Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Inquiry Skill: Develop Hypotheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
lesson 2Volcanic Eruptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76mathdo the Interpret Circle Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Inquiry Skill: Communicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
lesson 3Volcanic Landforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Inquiry Skill: Predict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Study Guide & Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . . . 90 Review the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Apply the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Standardized Test Prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94• Congratulations, It’s an Island! • A Dangerous Job• An Explosive Secret
Enter the Lab zone for hands-on inquiry .
Scenario Investigation: Jane Versus the Volcano
Chapter Lab Investigation:
• Directed Inquiry: Gelatin Volcanoes • Open Inquiry: Gelatin Volcanoes
Inquiry Warm-Ups: • Moving Volcanoes • How Fast Do Liquids Flow? • How Do Volcanoes Change Land?
Quick Labs: • Where Are Volcanoes Found on Earth’s Surface? • Volcanic Stages • Identifying Volcanic Landforms • How Can Volcanic Activity Change Earth’s Surface?
Volcanoes The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 How does a volcano erupt?
Vocabulary Skill: High-Use Academic Words . . . . . 68Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Scenario Investigation: Jane Versus the Volcano . . . . . . . . . 70
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Labzone
lesson 1Fossil Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Inquiry Skill: Communicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
mathdo the Interpret a Circle Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
lesson 2Renewable Sources of Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Inquiry Skill: Infer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
lesson 3Energy Use and Conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Inquiry Skill: Observe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Study Guide & Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . .128 Review the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Apply the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1130
Standardized Test Prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132• How Low Is Low Impact? • Offshore Petroleum Engineer • Hydrokinetic Energy
Energy Resources The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 What are some of Earth’s energy sources?
Vocabulary Skill: High-Use Academic Words . . . . . 98Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Scenario Investigation: Light Bulbs Can’t Use Much Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
CHAPTER
4
Labzone
Enter the Lab zone for hands-on inquiry .
Scenario Investigation: Light Bulbs Can’t Use Much Energy
Chapter Lab Investigation:
• Directed Inquiry: Design and Build a Solar Cooker • Open Inquiry: Design and Build a Solar Cooker
Inquiry Warm-Ups: • What’s in a Piece of Coal? • Can You Capture Solar Energy? • Which Bulb Is More Efficient?
Quick Labs: • Observing Oil’s Consistency • Fossil Fuels • Producing Electricity • Human Energy Use • Future Energy Use
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lesson 1Water on Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142mathdo the Analyzing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Inquiry Skill: Observe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
lesson 2Surface Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Inquiry Skill: Form Operational Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
lesson 3Water Underground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156mathdo the Read Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Inquiry Skill: Predict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
lesson 4 Exploring the Ocean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Inquiry Skill: Interpret Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
lesson 5Wave Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Inquiry Skill: Form Operational Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Study Guide & Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . .172 Review the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Apply the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Standardized Test Prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176• A Pearl of a Solution • What Was Fort Miami?
Labzone
Enter the Lab zone for hands-on inquiry .
STEM Activity: I Wouldn’t Drink That!
Chapter Lab Investigation:
• Directed Inquiry: Water From Trees • Modeling Ocean Currents • Open Inquiry: Water From Trees • Modeling Ocean Currents
Inquiry Warm-Ups: • Where Does the Water Come From? • Mapping Surface Waters • Where Does the Water Go? • What Can You Learn Without Seeing? • How Do Waves Change a Beach? • Bottom to Top
Quick Labs: • Water, Water Everywhere • Water on Earth • What Is a Watershed? • Modeling How a Lake Forms • How Can Algal Growth Affect Pond Life? • Soil Percolation • An Artesian Well • Ocean Conditions • The Shape of the Ocean Floor • Making Waves • Modeling Current • Deep Currents
Water The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 How does fresh water cycle on Earth?
Vocabulary Skill: Latin Word Origins . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
STEM Activity: I Wouldn’t Drink That! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
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CHAPTER
5
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lesson 1Introduction to Environmental Issues . . . . . . . . . . .190
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Inquiry Skill: Draw Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
lesson 2Introduction to Natural Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 Inquiry Skill: Calculate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
lesson 3Conserving Land and Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 Inquiry Skill: Infer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215, 216
lesson 4Waste Disposal and Recycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Inquiry Skill: Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
lesson 5Air Pollution and Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Inquiry Skill: Communicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
lesson 6Water Pollution and Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 Inquiry Skill: Design Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Study Guide & Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . .244 Review the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 Apply the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Standardized Test Prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248• Please Don’t Pass the Plastic! • The Big Uncool
Labzone
Enter the Lab zone for hands-on inquiry .
STEM Activity: It’s All Water Under the Dam
Chapter Lab Investigation:
• Directed Inquiry: Recycling Paper • Open Inquiry: Recycling Paper
Inquiry Warm-Ups: • How Do You Decide? • Using Resources • How Does Mining Affect the Land? • What’s in the Trash? • How Does the Scent Spread? • How Does the Water Change?
Quick Labs: • Environmental Issues • Comparing Costs and Benefits • Natural Resources • Land Use • Modeling Soil Conservation • It’s in the Numbers • Half-Life • How Acid is Your Rain? • Analyzing Ozone • It’s in the Air • Where’s the Water? • Cleaning Up Oil Spills • Getting Clean
Land, Air, and Water Resources The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 What can people do to use resources wisely?
Vocabulary Skill: Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185STEM Activity: It’s All Water Under the Dam
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lesson 1Animal Reproduction and Fertilization . . . . . . . . .264
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264mathdo the Interpret Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Inquiry Skill: Calculate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
lesson 2Development and Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268mathdo the Interpret Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Inquiry Skill: Interpret Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
lesson 3Plant Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 Inquiry Skill: Draw Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
lesson 4Plant Reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .274
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 Inquiry Skill: Infer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Study Guide & Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . .276 Review the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 Apply the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279• Special Delivery: Seahorse Reproduction • “Feet” of Engineering
Labzone
Enter the Lab zone for hands-on inquiry .
Scenario Investigation: Mealworm Migration
Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: A Snail’s Pace • Open Inquiry: A Snail’s Pace
Inquiry Warm-Ups: • Will It Bend and Move? • Sending Signals • Hydra Doing? • How Do Snakes Feed? • Making More • “Eggs-amination”
Quick Labs: • Comparing Bone and Cartilage • What Do Muscles Do? • Design a Nervous System • Compare Nervous Systems • Webbing Along • Planarian Feeding Behavior • Comparing Respiratory Systems • Comparing Circulatory Systems • Types of Reproduction • Types of Fertilization “Eggs-tra” Production • Cycles of Life • To Care or Not to Care
Animal and Plant Reproduction The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 How do animals move?
Vocabulary Skill: Identify Multiple Meanings . . . . 254Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255Scenario Investigation: Mealworm Migration
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. . . . . . . 256
Standardized Test Prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
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lesson 1Living Things and the Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Inquiry Skill: Draw Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
lesson 2Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268mathdo the Draw a Double Bar Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Inquiry Skill: Infer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
lesson 3Interactions Among Living Things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .276
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276mathdo the Interpret a Line Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Inquiry Skill: Classify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Study Guide & Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . .286 Review the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 Apply the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290• Ecologist • Binocular Boot Camp • Bird Radio
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Scenario Investigation: That Can’t Possibly Work!
Chapter Lab Investigation:
• Directed Inquiry: World in a Bottle • Open Inquiry: World in a Bottle
Inquiry Warm-Ups: • What’s in the Scene? • Populations • Can You Hide a Butterfly? • How Communities Change
Quick Labs: • Organisms and Their Habitats • Organizing an Ecosystem • Growing and Shrinking • Elbow Room • Adaptations for Survival • Competition and Predation • Type of Symbiosis
Populations and Communities The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 How do living things affect one another?
Vocabulary Skill: Latin Word Origins . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263Scenario Investigation: That Can’t Possibly Work! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
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Standardized Test Prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
lesson 1Energy Flow in Ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .300
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 Inquiry Skill: Classify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
mathdo the Calculate Energy Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
lesson 2Cycles of Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 Inquiry Skill: Infer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
lesson 3Biomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318mathdo the Interpret a Line Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
Inquiry Skill: Draw Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326, 327
lesson 4Aquatic Ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .328
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 Inquiry Skill: Communicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Study Guide & Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . .332 Review the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 Apply the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336• A Lake Can’t Last Forever • Trees: Environmental Factories
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STEM Activity: River Works
Chapter Lab Investigation:
• Directed Inquiry: Ecosystem Food Chains • Open Inquiry: Ecosystem Food Chains
Inquiry Warm-Ups: • Where Did Your Dinner Come From? • Are You Part of a Cycle? • How Much Rain Is That? • Where Does It Live?
Quick Labs: • Observing Decomposition • Consequences of Human Activity • Following Water • Carbon and Oxygen Blues • Playing Nitrogen Cycle Roles • Inferring Forest Climates • Dissolved Oxygen
Ecosystems and Biomes The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 How do energy and matter move through
ecosystems?
Vocabulary Skill: Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295STEM Activity: River Works
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Standardized Test Prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
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lesson 1Changing Ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .344
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344 Inquiry Skill: Observe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
lesson 2Humans and the Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .350
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 Inquiry Skill: Observe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
lesson 3Biodiversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .356
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 Inquiry Skill: Calculate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
lesson 4Biogeography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .366
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 Inquiry Skill: Predict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
Study Guide & Review and Assessment . . . . . . . .370 Review the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 Apply the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .374• Endangered No More • Recovering From the Dust Bowl
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Scenario Investigation: Fantasy Food Chain
Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: Consequences of Human Activity • Open Inquiry: Consequences of Human Activity
Inquiry Warm-Ups: • Populations • Can You Hide a Butterfly? • How Communities Change • How Do You Interact With Your Environment? • How Much Variety Is There?
Quick Labs: • Growing and Shrinking • Elbow Room • Adaptations for Survival • Bird Beak Adaptations • Primary or Secondary • How Do Humans Impact Ecosystems? • Consequences of Human Activity • Technology and the Environment • Modeling Keystone Species • Grocery Gene Pool • Humans and Biodiversity
Balance Within Ecosystems The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 How do natural and human activities change
ecosystems?
Vocabulary Skill: Latin Word Origins . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341Scenario Investigation: Fantasy Food Chain
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lesson 1What Is Energy? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .380
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380mathdo the Calculate Kinetic Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Inquiry Skill: Calculate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
lesson 2Forms of Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .382
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 Inquiry Skill: Classify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386, 387
lesson 3Energy Transformations and Conservation . . . . .388
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 Inquiry Skill: Infer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Study Guide & Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . .394 Review the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 Apply the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
Standardized Test Prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .398• Charge It! • Power It Up!
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Scenario Investigation: Stuck at the Top
Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: Can You Feel the Power? • Open Inquiry: Can You Feel the Power?
Inquiry Warm-Ups: • How High Does a Ball Bounce? • What Makes a Flashlight Shine? • What Would Make a Card Jump?
Quick Labs: • Mass, Velocity, and Kinetic Energy • Determining Mechanical Energy • Sources of Energy • Soaring Straws • Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 How is energy conserved in a transformation?
Vocabulary Skill: Identify Multiple Meanings . . . . 376Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378Scenario Investigation: Stuck at the Top . . . . . . . . . . . 379
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lesson 1Temperature, Thermal Energy, and Heat . . . . . . .406
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 Inquiry Skill: Communicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
lesson 2The Transfer of Heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 Inquiry Skill: Infer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
lesson 3Thermal Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 Inquiry Skill: Calculate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
mathdo the Calculate Thermal Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
Study Guide & Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . .418 Review the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418 Apply the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
Standardized Test Prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .422• Tornado Alley • Hurricane Warning
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Enter the Lab zone for hands-on inquiry .
Scenario Investigation: Where Is the Battery?
Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: Build Your Own Thermometer • Open Inquiry: Build Your Own Thermometer
Inquiry Warm-Ups: • How Cold Is the Water? • What Does It Mean to Heat Up? • Thermal Properties
Quick Labs: • Temperature and Thermal Energy • Visualizing Convection Currents • Frosty Balloons
Thermal Energy and Heat The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 How does heat flow from one object to another?
Vocabulary Skill: Identify Multiple Meanings . . . . 402Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403Scenario Investigation: Where Is the Battery? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
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lesson 1What Is Magnetism? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .426
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426 Inquiry Skill: Infer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
lesson 2Magnetic Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .428
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 Inquiry Skill: Observe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
mathdo the Analyze Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
lesson 3Electromagnetic Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .434
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434 Inquiry Skill: Predict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
lesson 4Electricity, Magnetism, and Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . .436
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 Inquiry Skill: Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
mathdo the Interpret Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
lesson 5Electricity From Magnetism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .438
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 Inquiry Skill: Make Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
mathdo the Calculate Ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
Study Guide & Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . .443 Review the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444 Apply the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
Standardized Test Prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .447• Magnetic Pictures • A Shocking Message!
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Scenario Investigation: Is the North Pole Really the South Pole?
Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: Detecting Fake Coins • Open Inquiry: Detecting Fake Coins
Inquiry Warm-Ups: • Natural Magnets • Predict the Field • Electromagnetism • How Are Electricity, Magnets, and Motion Related? • Electric Current Without a Battery
Quick Labs: • Magnetic Poles • Spinning in Circles • Earth’s Magnetic Field • Electric Current and Magnetism • Magnetic Fields From Electric Current • Electromagnet • Can a Magnet Move a Wire? • How Galvanometers Work • Parts of an Electric Motor • Inducing an Electric Current • How Generators Work • How Transformers Work
Magnetism and Electromagnetism The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 How are electricity and magnetism related?
Vocabulary Skill: Use Context to Determine Meaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424Scenario Investigation: Is the North PoleReally the South Pole? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
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Table of Contents •
Table of Contents •
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lesson 1Electric Charge and Static Electricity . . . . . . . . . . .450
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 Inquiry Skill: Draw Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452
lesson 2Electric Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454 Inquiry Skill: Classify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454
lesson 3Electric Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .455
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456mathdo the Calculate Resistance and Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
Inquiry Skill: Make Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460
lesson 4Electric Power and Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .461
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462 Inquiry Skill: Calculate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
mathdo the Calculate Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
Study Guide & Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . .464 Review the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465 Apply the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467• Something for Nothing • Going Green
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Scenario Investigation: My House is Wired!
Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: Build a Flashlight • Open Inquiry: Build a Flashlight
Inquiry Warm-Ups: • Can You Move a Can Without Touching It? • How Can Current Be Measured? • Do the Lights Keep Shining? • How Can You Make a Bulb Burn More Brightly?
Quick Labs: • Drawing Conclusions • Sparks Are Flying • Producing Electric Current • Conductors and Insulators • Modeling Potential Difference • Ohm’s Law • Calculating Electric Power and Energy Use • Electric Shock and Short Circuit Safety
Electricity The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448 How does an electric circuit work?
Vocabulary Skill: Latin Word Origins . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
Scenario Investigation: My House is Wired!
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Science, Engineering, and Technology Skills Handbook
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lesson 1Science and the Natural World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .471
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472 Inquiry Skill: Predict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
mathdo the Create a Bar Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
lesson 2Thinking Like a Scientist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .474
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 Inquiry Skill: Classify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
lesson 3Scientific Inquiry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .475
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476 Inquiry Skill: Control Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
mathdo the Read Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480
Study Guide & Review and Assessment . . . . . . . .481 Review the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482 Apply the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
Standardized Test Prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484
Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .485• When We Think We Know, but It Isn’t So • Ready for a Close-Up!
Labzone
Enter the Lab zone for hands-on inquiry .
Scenario Investigation: Bias, Anyone?
Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: Keeping Flowers Fresh • Open Inquiry: Keeping Flowers Fresh
Inquiry Warm-Ups: • Is It Really True? • How Keen Are Your Senses? • What’s Happening?
Quick Labs: • Classifying Objects • Thinking Like a Scientist • Using Scientific Thinking • Scientific Inquiry • Theories and Laws
Scientific Thinking The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468 How do scientists investigate the natural world?
Vocabulary Skill: Identify Related Word Forms . . 469Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469Scenario Investigation: Bias, Anyone? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470
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Table of Contents •
Table of Contents •
Table of Contents •
Table of Contents •
Table of Contents •
Table of Contents
Labzone
lesson 1Measurement—A Common Language . . . . . . . . . . .492
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492 Inquiry Skill: Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
mathdo the Calculate Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498
lesson 2Mathematics and Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .502
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502mathdo the Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
Inquiry Skill: Calculate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507mathdo the Sample Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506
Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509
lesson 3Graphs in Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .510
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510 Inquiry Skill: Predict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513
lesson 4Models as Tools in Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .514
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514 Inquiry Skill: Make Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518
lesson 5Safety in the Science Laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .522
Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522 Inquiry Skill: Observe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526
Study Guide & Review and Assessment . . . . . . . .528 Review the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528 Apply the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
Standardized Test Prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531
Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .532• You Lost What?! • Smallpox on the Loose
Appendix, English/Spanish Glossary, Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .534
Labzone
Enter the Lab zone for hands-on inquiry .
Scenario Investigation: Messy Data
Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: Density Graphs • Open Inquiry: Density Graphs
Inquiry Warm-Ups: • History of Measurement • How Many Marbles Are There? • What’s in a Picture? • Scale Models • Where Is the Safety Equipment in Your School?
Quick Labs: • How Many Shoes? • Measuring Length in Metric • For Good Measure • How Close Is It? • What’s a Line Graph? • Making Models • Systems • Models in Nature • Be Prepared • Just in Case
Using Mathematics in Science The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486 How is mathematics important to the work
of scientists?
Vocabulary Skill: Identify Multiple Meanings . . . . 488 Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489Scenario Investigation: Messy Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490
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