8/8/2019 Maps & Iso Glosses
1/20
Maps & Isoglosses
Tubagus hidayatTubagus hidayat
The Map appears to us more
real than the Land(D.H.Lawrence)
8/8/2019 Maps & Iso Glosses
2/20
Outline
1.1. Geographyofa LanguageGeographyofa Language
2.2. DefinitionsDefinitions
3.3. Mapping ProcessesMapping Processes4.4. LinguisticMapsLinguisticMaps
5.5. Coding OptionsCoding Options
6.6. IsoglossesIsoglosses7.7. ReferencesReferences
8/8/2019 Maps & Iso Glosses
3/20
1. Geography of a Language
Twofields ofstudy geographyoflanguage
linguistic geography
LinguisticGeography = Study ofthe geographicdistribution ofa languageor its elements
regional linguisticvariations within a
language
GeographyofLanguages = distribution through history
and spaceoflanguages
8/8/2019 Maps & Iso Glosses
4/20
2. Definitions
LinguisticMap= thematic map
= shows geographic
distribution ofthespeakers ofa language
OR
isoglosses ofa dialect
continuum
collected in LinguisticAtlases
http://freeshells.ch/~xavier/accentmap/
American Regional Accents
8/8/2019 Maps & Iso Glosses
5/20
Isoglosses= lines on a map= separate places where a
particular featureofalanguage is different
= geographical boundaryofacertain linguisticfeature
pronunciation ofavowel
meaning ofa word useofsyntactic
features
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:German_dialectal_map.PNG
Benrath&Speyer Isoglosses
8/8/2019 Maps & Iso Glosses
6/20
3. Mapping Processes
Present raw data on map
Gillieron: methodeclassique
= printing forms directly Coding data with symbols
= printed on map localities
Indicate general distributional area ofa feature
enlcosing it with lines or hatching Bonaparte
= dialect maps ofEngland
Two basic approaches:
8/8/2019 Maps & Iso Glosses
7/20
All Maps
John Kirktwo basic principles
triangle = each point represents an aspect ofthemap
maxims = linked to thecoding ofthemap
- present
- analyse- contrast- interpret data
8/8/2019 Maps & Iso Glosses
8/20
The Mapping Triangle
MAP
ANALYSIS
DISTRIBUTIONDATA
8/8/2019 Maps & Iso Glosses
9/20
Data
-basis ofeverymap all data has to be analysed before
it can bemapped
Analysis
- amount ofanalysis can vary
Distribution
- means to structurebasemaps give themapped material a structure
8/8/2019 Maps & Iso Glosses
10/20
DATA ANALYSIS DISTRIBUTION
fonology
Morfology
MAP
The mapping Process
leksikal
8/8/2019 Maps & Iso Glosses
11/20
4.Linguistic Maps
= map the responses
Phonolgical Atlas of theNorthern Region
Atlas of English Sounds
= distinctive symbols presenta certain variant at eachlocation
Interpretation but no generalStatement
= make general statement
TheLinguisticAtlas ofEngland
A Word Geography ofEngland
= isoglosses
Chambers&Trugill: different types ofpresenting data
DISPLAYMAPS INTERPRATIVE MAPS
8/8/2019 Maps & Iso Glosses
12/20
5. Coding Options
c) Divided b) open
a) Closed
Symbols
5.1.Symbols
8/8/2019 Maps & Iso Glosses
13/20
a) Closed symbols (black symbols)- represent a specific item at a particular locality- showcontrastive variants
or- used as outliers= arbitrary and small- many variations
b) Open symbols- showabsenceofan item in a locality- used contrastively
c) Divided symbols Example: Tape-RecordedSurvey of Hiberno-English
Speech- closed symbols : oldest informants- open symbols : youngest informants
- divided symbols: middle-aged informants
8/8/2019 Maps & Iso Glosses
14/20
Crosses
St.Andrews Cross = (LAE) absenceofdata St.Georges Cross = form similar toone alreadymapped
but one stage behind in phonological
development
Letters
= (Survey ofAnglo-WelshDialects) represent lexical items,
taking its 1st letter
Numbers
Can be = symbols oftheir own value
= symbols ofsomeother value
8/8/2019 Maps & Iso Glosses
15/20
Lines
- Represent transition zones, which surround areas
ofdistribution or are between them
Heteroglosses: - state distribution for whichtheres mappableevidence
IsoglossesHatching
- is symbolic (similar to heteroglossicmapping)
- occurenceofa particular item in a place or in a
number ofclose places
8/8/2019 Maps & Iso Glosses
16/20
6. Isoglosses Show areas wherecontrasting forms occur
= a feature is used predominantly
= bounds area ofa certain usage
a certain feature is usually different from a similarfeature in a neighbouring area
EXAMPLE: some native speakers ofEnglish pronounce/r/ after a vowel car, clear, sharp
US: /r/ is pronounced in Chicago area
but not in Boston area
such a distinct area is an isogloss
Seperate points of equal language
NO isoglosses correspond exactly
8/8/2019 Maps & Iso Glosses
17/20
open for correction bymanyfactors
PROBLEM: explicit as lines but actuallyrepresent decisions about data
direction theyfollowon map is arbitrary
offers only interpretation
generalises distributions
LinguisticAtlas ofEngland: isoglosses supplemented
byother symbols
thereforemore a simplification
8/8/2019 Maps & Iso Glosses
18/20
North-Midland isogloss
- distinguishes many linguisticfeatures
Northern-Cities-Vowel Shift= a chain shift in the sound ofsome vowels in
theInland North
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Northern_Cities_Vowel_Shift.svg
8/8/2019 Maps & Iso Glosses
19/20
Centum-Satem Isogloss
= divides Indo-European Languages into2categories
Centum
Satem
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Centum_Satem_map.png
8/8/2019 Maps & Iso Glosses
20/20
7. References
- Kirk, J.M.1985.Studies in Linguistic Geography. London:CroomHelm.
- Wehmeier,S. 7th2005.Oxford Advanced Learners
Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press- http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O29-ISOGLOSS.html
- http://www.esri.com/news/arcuser/1002/linguistics.html
- http://freeshells.ch/~xavier/accentmap/
- http://www.ling.upenn.edu/phono_atlas/NationalMap/NationalMap.html#Heading6
Top Related