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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION
SYSTEM (MIS)
1
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Management Information System
MIS
Management
InformationSystem
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Information Systems
3
Data
Information
Knowledge
System
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Data
Data is a collection of facts and figures.
Data is an element of a transaction.
Example of data- any transaction facts collected of credit
card customers.
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Information
Information is collection of data(facts and figures) arranged in
more meaningful manner, which helps in decision making.
It is not enough to just process the data but it has to be useful
in decision making purpose. Ex:- Sales of creamy soap is more in metro cities.
Gold card holders prefer to eat in luxury hotels.
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Example of Data
Name of Student
Ravi
Kishan
Kedar
Ashok
Anju
Age of Students
22
21
23
24
19
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Example of Information
Name of Student Age of Students
Ravi 22
Kishan 21
Kedar 23
Ashok 24
Anju 19
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Knowledge
Knowledge is defined as the experience and the expertise
acquired by an individual.
Knowledge can also be defined as level of understanding in
interpreting the information available for effective decisionmaking purpose.
Knowledge can be achieve by processing the information,
which in turn can be achieved by processing of the data.
Ex:-Amount of liquor consumption is more in hilly areas. People buy bread 65% of time when they buy milk.
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System
System can be defined as group of entities that work together
to achieve the common predefined goal.
A system can be open or close; stable or dynamic.
Ex:- an organisation is a perfect example of system where agroup of entities like employees, Procedures, Machinery and
culture all work together to achieve a common goal.
Other example of systems are Family, Cricket team, Group of
students in a particular course.
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Type of System
A close system is one that does not interact with other system
or with the environment.
An open system is one that interact with other system and also
with the environment. Stable system is static system, whereas dynamic system is one
which change with the change in needs.
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Component of System
Input Process Output
Feedback
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Information System
Information system is a set of procedures that collect, process,
store and disseminate information to support decision making.
Information system can be also be defined from a business
prospective as an organizational and management solution,based on information technology, to a challenge raised by the
environment.
In an organization, an information system consist of data
,hardware ,software, telecommunications, people and
procedures .
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Components of information System
Components of information System
Data Input that the system takes to produce information
Hardware A computer and its peripheral equipment: input, output ,storage
devices, and communication equipment.
Software Sets of instructions that tell the computer how to take data in,process in, how to display information and how to store data and
information.
Telecommunication Hardware and software that facilitate fast transmission andreception of text, picture, sound and animation in the form of
electronic data.
People Information system professionals and users who analyzeorganizational information needs, design and construct
information system ,write computer program, operate the
hardware and maintain software.
Procedures Rules for achieving optimal and secure operation in dataprocessing.
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Information System
Like any other system, Information system also include Input,
Process, Output and Feedback. Information system always
have a pre defined boundary and operate in an environment
which includes other systems and also players like customer,
supplier and the government department etc.
Ex:- Information system of a manufacturing organisation
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Major Characteristics of IS
Intrinsic:
accurate and error free information
Meet the objective of the system
Information must be gathered from reliable and authenticatedsources.
Accessibility:
Information system are easily accessible.
While providing accessibility, access security must bemaintained.
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Major Characteristics of IS
Contextual:
Relevant information as per the context
Information system must add value to the output
Timeliness- must provide timely information when it is needed
Completeness must generate complete report
Information needs to be made available as per defined
frequency.
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Major Characteristics of IS
Representation:
Interpretability easy to interpret the reports
Easy to use and understanding
Concise in representation
Information system needs to be economical to develop and
maintain .
Information system need to be flexible and adaptable
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Management
Management is an important aspect of an economic life, which
relates to those personnel who are concerned with managing
the organisation and its business activity.
Management is essential wherever human efforts are to beundertaken collectively to satisfy the need of the organisation.
Managers have the authorities to use organisational resources
and to make decisions.
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Management
In organisation there are typically 3 levels of management:
Top level
Middle level
Lower level
In most organisation, the no. of manager at each level such
that the hierarchy resembles to pyramid, with the largest no. at
the lower level managers, lesser middle manager and least
manager at the top level.
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Decision Characteristics of Managements Levels
Strategic
Management
(Top Level)
Tactical
Management
(Middle Level)
Operational
Management
(Lower Management)
Structured
Semi
Structured
Unstructured
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Top level Managers
Top level managers or Top Managers are also called Senior
Management or executives or Strategic level which is
composed of the chief executive officer (CEO), Chief
Operating Officer(COO), and other department head.
Top level managers take decisions effecting the entire
organisation. They define policies for the organisation.
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Middle level Managers
Middle level managers, or middle managers or tactical level,
are those levels below the top managers.
Middle level managers are responsible for carrying out the
goal set by the top management. They do so by setting goal for their department and other
business unit.
Middle managers may also communicate upward, by offering
suggestion and feedback to top management.
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Lower level managers
Lower level managers are also called first line managers or
supervisors or operational level.
Lower level managers are responsible for the daily
management for line workers. Although first level managers typically do not set goals for the
organisation, they have a very strong influence on the company
because these are the managers that most employee interact
with on a daily basis, and if the managers perform poorly,
employee also perform poorly, may lake motivation.
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Management Information System(MIS) Concept
The concept of MIS has evolved over a period of time
comprising many different fact of organisation function.
MIS is a necessity of all the organisations.
The initial concept of MIS was to process data from theorganisation and present it in the form of reports at regular
interval.
The system was largely capable of handling the data from
collection to processing.
This concept was further modified when a distinction between
Data and Information.
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Management Information System(MIS) Concept
It was therefore , demanded that the system concept should be
an individual oriented as each individual may have a
different orientation towards the information.
This concept was further modified, that the system shouldpresent information in such a form and format that it creates
an impact on its user, provoking a decision, an action or an
investigation.
The concept of MIS in todays world is a system which handles
the databases, provide computing facilities to the end user and
give a variety of decision making tools to the user of the
system.
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Conceptual view of MIS
MIS
Business Goalsand Mission
Application of Pureand Social Science
Application of principles andpractices of Management
Use of database and knowledgebase
Information technology and enterprisesoftware
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MIS definition
The MIS is defined as a system which provide information
support for decision making in the organisation.
MIS is defined as an integrated system of Man and Machine
for providing the information to support the operation, themanagement and the decision making system in the
organisation.
The MIS is defined as System based on the database of the
organisation evolved for the purpose for providing information
to the people in the organisation.
MIS defined as a computer based information system.
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MIS definition
In todays world the MIS is a computerized business processing
system generating information for the people in the
organization to meet the information needs for decision making
to achieve corporate objectives of the organisation.
The term MIS synonymously used with terms the Information
System (IS), the Information and Decision System and the
Computer based Information System.
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MIS Features
It must be capable of handling voluminous data. The data as
well as transaction must be validated.
It must be able to perform operations on the data irrespective
of the complexity of the operation. Often timemultidimensional analysis is required.
An MIS should facilitate quick search and retrieval of
information. An MIS must support mass storage of data and
information.
The information must be communicated to recipient in time.
Moreover, the communicated information must be relevant.
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MIS
MIS
Database
View 1
View 3
View 2
View 4
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Role of MIS
The role of the MIS in an organisation can be compared to the
role of heart in the body. The information is the blood and MIS
is the heart.
In the body the heart plays the role of supplying pure blood toall element to the body including the brain. The heart work
faster and supply more blood when needed . It regulate and
control the incoming impure blood, and processes it and send it
to the destination in the quantity needed. It fulfill the needs of
blood supply to human body in normal case and also in thecrisis.
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Role of the MIS
The MIS plays exactly the same role in the organisation.
The system ensure that an appropriate data is collected from
the various sources, proceed and send further to all the needy
destination. The system is expected to fulfill the information needs of an
individual, a group of individuals, the management
functionaries( the managers and the top management).
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Role of the MIS
MIS satisfy the diverse needs through a verity of system such
as Query system, Analysis system, modeling system and
decision support system.
The MIS helps in strategic planning, management control,operational control and transaction processing.
The MIS plays the role of Information generation,
communication, problem identification and helps in the process
of decision making.
The MIS, therefore, plays a vital
role in the management, administration, operations of an
organisation.
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