Managing Information new

8/8/2019 Managing Information new

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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION

SYSTEM (MIS)

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Management Information System

MIS

Management

InformationSystem


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Information Systems

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Data

Information

Knowledge

System


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Data

Data is a collection of facts and figures.

Data is an element of a transaction.

Example of data- any transaction facts collected of credit

card customers.


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Information

Information is collection of data(facts and figures) arranged in

more meaningful manner, which helps in decision making.

It is not enough to just process the data but it has to be useful

in decision making purpose. Ex:- Sales of creamy soap is more in metro cities.

Gold card holders prefer to eat in luxury hotels.


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Example of Data

Name of Student

Ravi

Kishan

Kedar

Ashok

Anju

Age of Students

22

21

23

24

19


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Example of Information

Name of Student Age of Students

Ravi 22

Kishan 21

Kedar 23

Ashok 24

Anju 19


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Knowledge

Knowledge is defined as the experience and the expertise

acquired by an individual.

Knowledge can also be defined as level of understanding in

interpreting the information available for effective decisionmaking purpose.

Knowledge can be achieve by processing the information,

which in turn can be achieved by processing of the data.

Ex:-Amount of liquor consumption is more in hilly areas. People buy bread 65% of time when they buy milk.


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System

System can be defined as group of entities that work together

to achieve the common predefined goal.

A system can be open or close; stable or dynamic.

Ex:- an organisation is a perfect example of system where agroup of entities like employees, Procedures, Machinery and

culture all work together to achieve a common goal.

Other example of systems are Family, Cricket team, Group of

students in a particular course.


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Type of System

A close system is one that does not interact with other system

or with the environment.

An open system is one that interact with other system and also

with the environment. Stable system is static system, whereas dynamic system is one

which change with the change in needs.


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Component of System

Input Process Output

Feedback


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Information System

Information system is a set of procedures that collect, process,

store and disseminate information to support decision making.

Information system can be also be defined from a business

prospective as an organizational and management solution,based on information technology, to a challenge raised by the

environment.

In an organization, an information system consist of data

,hardware ,software, telecommunications, people and

procedures .


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Components of information System

Components of information System

Data Input that the system takes to produce information

Hardware A computer and its peripheral equipment: input, output ,storage

devices, and communication equipment.

Software Sets of instructions that tell the computer how to take data in,process in, how to display information and how to store data and

information.

Telecommunication Hardware and software that facilitate fast transmission andreception of text, picture, sound and animation in the form of

electronic data.

People Information system professionals and users who analyzeorganizational information needs, design and construct

information system ,write computer program, operate the

hardware and maintain software.

Procedures Rules for achieving optimal and secure operation in dataprocessing.


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Information System

Like any other system, Information system also include Input,

Process, Output and Feedback. Information system always

have a pre defined boundary and operate in an environment

which includes other systems and also players like customer,

supplier and the government department etc.

Ex:- Information system of a manufacturing organisation


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Major Characteristics of IS

Intrinsic:

accurate and error free information

Meet the objective of the system

Information must be gathered from reliable and authenticatedsources.

Accessibility:

Information system are easily accessible.

While providing accessibility, access security must bemaintained.


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Contextual:

Relevant information as per the context

Information system must add value to the output

Timeliness- must provide timely information when it is needed

Completeness must generate complete report

Information needs to be made available as per defined

frequency.


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Representation:

Interpretability easy to interpret the reports

Easy to use and understanding

Concise in representation

Information system needs to be economical to develop and

maintain .

Information system need to be flexible and adaptable


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Management

Management is an important aspect of an economic life, which

relates to those personnel who are concerned with managing

the organisation and its business activity.

Management is essential wherever human efforts are to beundertaken collectively to satisfy the need of the organisation.

Managers have the authorities to use organisational resources

and to make decisions.


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Management

In organisation there are typically 3 levels of management:

Top level

Middle level

Lower level

In most organisation, the no. of manager at each level such

that the hierarchy resembles to pyramid, with the largest no. at

the lower level managers, lesser middle manager and least

manager at the top level.


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Decision Characteristics of Managements Levels

Strategic

Management

(Top Level)

Tactical

Management

(Middle Level)

Operational

Management

(Lower Management)

Structured

Semi

Structured

Unstructured


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Top level Managers

Top level managers or Top Managers are also called Senior

Management or executives or Strategic level which is

composed of the chief executive officer (CEO), Chief

Operating Officer(COO), and other department head.

Top level managers take decisions effecting the entire

organisation. They define policies for the organisation.


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Middle level Managers

Middle level managers, or middle managers or tactical level,

are those levels below the top managers.

Middle level managers are responsible for carrying out the

goal set by the top management. They do so by setting goal for their department and other

business unit.

Middle managers may also communicate upward, by offering

suggestion and feedback to top management.


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Lower level managers

Lower level managers are also called first line managers or

supervisors or operational level.

Lower level managers are responsible for the daily

management for line workers. Although first level managers typically do not set goals for the

organisation, they have a very strong influence on the company

because these are the managers that most employee interact

with on a daily basis, and if the managers perform poorly,

employee also perform poorly, may lake motivation.


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Management Information System(MIS) Concept

The concept of MIS has evolved over a period of time

comprising many different fact of organisation function.

MIS is a necessity of all the organisations.

The initial concept of MIS was to process data from theorganisation and present it in the form of reports at regular

interval.

The system was largely capable of handling the data from

collection to processing.

This concept was further modified when a distinction between

Data and Information.


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Management Information System(MIS) Concept

It was therefore , demanded that the system concept should be

an individual oriented as each individual may have a

different orientation towards the information.

This concept was further modified, that the system shouldpresent information in such a form and format that it creates

an impact on its user, provoking a decision, an action or an

investigation.

The concept of MIS in todays world is a system which handles

the databases, provide computing facilities to the end user and

give a variety of decision making tools to the user of the

system.


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Conceptual view of MIS

MIS

Business Goalsand Mission

Application of Pureand Social Science

Application of principles andpractices of Management

Use of database and knowledgebase

Information technology and enterprisesoftware


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MIS definition

The MIS is defined as a system which provide information

support for decision making in the organisation.

MIS is defined as an integrated system of Man and Machine

for providing the information to support the operation, themanagement and the decision making system in the

organisation.

The MIS is defined as System based on the database of the

organisation evolved for the purpose for providing information

to the people in the organisation.

MIS defined as a computer based information system.


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MIS definition

In todays world the MIS is a computerized business processing

system generating information for the people in the

organization to meet the information needs for decision making

to achieve corporate objectives of the organisation.

The term MIS synonymously used with terms the Information

System (IS), the Information and Decision System and the

Computer based Information System.


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MIS Features

It must be capable of handling voluminous data. The data as

well as transaction must be validated.

It must be able to perform operations on the data irrespective

of the complexity of the operation. Often timemultidimensional analysis is required.

An MIS should facilitate quick search and retrieval of

information. An MIS must support mass storage of data and

information.

The information must be communicated to recipient in time.

Moreover, the communicated information must be relevant.


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MIS

MIS

Database

View 1

View 3

View 2

View 4


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Role of MIS

The role of the MIS in an organisation can be compared to the

role of heart in the body. The information is the blood and MIS

is the heart.

In the body the heart plays the role of supplying pure blood toall element to the body including the brain. The heart work

faster and supply more blood when needed . It regulate and

control the incoming impure blood, and processes it and send it

to the destination in the quantity needed. It fulfill the needs of

blood supply to human body in normal case and also in thecrisis.


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Role of the MIS

The MIS plays exactly the same role in the organisation.

The system ensure that an appropriate data is collected from

the various sources, proceed and send further to all the needy

destination. The system is expected to fulfill the information needs of an

individual, a group of individuals, the management

functionaries( the managers and the top management).


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Role of the MIS

MIS satisfy the diverse needs through a verity of system such

as Query system, Analysis system, modeling system and

decision support system.

The MIS helps in strategic planning, management control,operational control and transaction processing.

The MIS plays the role of Information generation,

communication, problem identification and helps in the process

of decision making.

The MIS, therefore, plays a vital

role in the management, administration, operations of an

organisation.


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