LOW-VOLTAGE LIGHTING
• http://www.fxl.com/product/power-and-control/luxor
Lighting
VOLT: the force that moves electricity– Like water pressure
• 240 volts for heavy equipment
Lighting
120 volts for house voltage
Lighting
12 volts is low voltage and safe
Lighting
CURRENT or AMPERAGE: the flow of electricity– Like water flow
Lighting
Ohms: measure of resistance– Like friction loss in irrigation
• Resistance reduces voltage
CIRCUIT PANEL
• Each circuit 120 Each circuit 120 VoltsVolts
• OverloadOverload, current , current exceeds capacity exceeds capacity and overheatsand overheats
• Circuit breakerCircuit breaker prevents overloadprevents overload
CIRCUIT PANEL
• Circuit fuse prevents overload
LIGHTING BULBS
Incandescent
• Voltage through coiled filament
• Converts to 90% heat and 10%
• Filament evaporates tungsten (darkens bulb)
LIGHTING BULBS
Halogen
• Voltage through coiled filament
• Halogen gas in the bulb binds the tungsten to prevent darkening
LIGHTING BULBS
Halogen
• <10.5 V does not heat up enough– Color shift
LIGHTING BULBS
Fluorescent (CFL)
• Electricity travels through argon gas
• Require ballast to supply start-up current
• Contain mercury
LIGHTING BULBS
Solar Lights
• Utilize LED light
• Bluish light
LIGHTING BULBS
LED (Light emitting diode)• No filament• Doesn’t heat up significantly
– Efficient
• Directional
LIGHTING BULBS
Incandescent• 1,200• 60 watts• $325/annually
CFL• 8,000• 12 to 15 watts• $76/annually
LED• 50,000 hours• 6 to 8 watts• $32/annually LED Incandescent CFL
LIGHT FIXTURE
LIGHT FIXTURE
LIGHT FIXTURE
LIGHT FIXTURE
LIGHT FIXTURE
LIGHT FIXTURE
LIGHT FIXTURE
TRANSFORMERS
• Converts 120 V to 12 V• 12 V taps (or higher)• Multiple taps
TRANSFORMERS
TRANSFORMERS
TRANSFORMERS
• Wattage capacity– 300W, 600W, 900W, or
1200W
• Timer and photocell
TRANSFORMERS
TRANSFORMERS
TRANSFORMERS
Wattage Requirements
• Add the wattage of all fixture connected
• 60% to 80% of transformer capacity
Cable
• WIRE SIZE, or AWG (American Wire Gauge)
• The lower the number, the thicker the wire
Cable
Single circuit cable• 12/2
CABLE
Splicing cableSplicing cable
• Quick connectionQuick connection
Splicing cableSplicing cable
• Wire nuts (DBY)Wire nuts (DBY)
Cable
If wire is too small• Higher amps• Increased resistance• Increased heat• Fewer volts
Reduce Voltage Drop
• Shorten cable
• Increase cable size
Reduce Voltage Drop
• Center transformer
• Reduce number of lights
• Reduce bulb wattage
Voltage Drop
Cable length X Total watts X 2 = Voltage
DropCable constant
BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING
• Path lighting
BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING
• Path lighting
BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING
• Up lightingUp lighting
BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING
• Up lightingUp lighting
BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING
• Up lightingUp lighting
BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING
• Down lighting (Moonlighting)Down lighting (Moonlighting)
BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING
• Down lighting (Moonlighting)Down lighting (Moonlighting)
BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING
• Down lighting (Moonlighting)Down lighting (Moonlighting)
BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING
• Silhouette lighting
BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING
• Grazing
BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING
• Grazing
BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING
• Spot lightingSpot lighting
BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING
• ShadowingShadowing
BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING
• ShadowingShadowing
• MR-16
• PAR
Cost of Lighting
Cost estimator
• http://www.citytrf.net/costs_calculator.htm
• Kilowatt-hour (kWh)– 1000 watts used for an hour
Cost of Lighting
• SCE&G– $0.115 kWh
• Pond pump (340 watts) 0.33 kWh in an hour
• 0.33 x 0.115 = $0.038 per hour
• 24 hours x 0.038 = $0.91 per day
• 30 days x 0.91 = $27.32
Cost of Lighting
• Small pond pump
• 0.01 kWh in 2 hours
• 0.005 kWh per hour
• 0.005 x $0.115 = $0.00058 per hour
• X 24 hours = 0.014
Landscape lights, 130W
• 0.13 kWh per hour
• X $0.115 = $0.015
• X 4 hours a night = $0.06
• X 30 days = $1.80 a month
• Christmas lights, 100 bulbs – (1 strand)
• 0.035 kHw per hour
• X 0.115 = $0.004
• X 10 strands = $0.04
• X 6 hours = $0.24 a night
• X 30 days = $7.20 a month
• 12v, 10w halogen: 200 lumens
• 12v, 1w LED: 50 lumens
• Refrigerator, 1.37 kWh per 16.5 hours
• 0.083 kWh per hour
• $.0095 per hour
• $0.23 per day
• $6.87 per month
• Computer station at home
• 1.81 kWh / 15 hours
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