Life Science Chapter 4
Bellwork
•Discuss a scientific observation you made over the weekend.
Make a Book!
• Work with a partner, but everyone needs their own book.• Spend about 5-10 minutes and
read section 1 on your own• Then, get with a partner and
make the title page of your book
Chapter 1• Section 1:–Taxonomy (definition, scientists,
how it is useful)–History (Aristotle, Chain of
Being, Linnaeus)–Five Kingdom System–More Categories
Chapter 2
• Spend 5-10 minutes reading section 2
Section 2
•7 categories taxonomists use for classifying•Pictures and explanations
for each
Bellwork
•What are the 7 levels of classification of organisms?
Taxonomy
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aiC_Z8Za7wc
Taxonomy• The scientific classification of
organisms.• There are billions of organisms
that live on Earth• Taxonomists (scientists who
study taxonomy) have identified about 1.4 million species
History
Aristotle 384-322 B.C.
• Ladder of life• Mammals• Vertebrates• Invertebrates• Plants• Nonliving
things
14th Century Philosophers
• Great Chain of Being
• Spiritual Beings
• Humans• Higher Animals• Lower Animals• Plants• Nonliving
things
Carolus Linnaeus 1700s
• Binomial Nomenclature
• Two part Latin names
• First name is the species
• Second name distinguishes between species
Microscope
• Because of the microscope, scientists have added to the Kingdom system–Microorganisms–Mushrooms
Five Kingdom System
Five Kingdom System
AnimalsPlantsBacteriaProtoctistsFungi
Classification
• 1. Kingdom• 2. Phylum• 3. Class• 4. Order• 5. Family• 6. Genus• 7. Species
Bellwork 10-7
•Give an example of an organism from each of the five kingdoms
Kingdom Bacteria
• Includes all species of bacteria• Some divide this kingdom into
two:–Archaebacteria–Eubacteria
• http://danmarkltd.tripod.com/taxonomy/id5.html
Kingdom Protista (Protoctista)
•Contains one-celled organisms that contain a nucleus that are not animals, plants, fungi, or bacteria
Open book quiz over sections1-2
Bellwork 10-8
• The man who invented it doesn't want it. The man who bought it doesn't need it. The man who needs it doesn't know it. What is it?
Classification of Living Things
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g9AQbkQgVeU
Section 3 Bacteria, Protists, Fungi
• Read section 3.• For each of the categories above, find the
following information:– 1. A description of the organisms in this category– 2. Beneficial and detrimental effects of organisms
in this category– 3. Habitat of organisms in this category– 4. Examples of organisms in this category
Bellwork 10-9
• Give an example of a bacteria, protist, and fungi.• Also,• I'm the part of the bird that's not
in the sky. I can swim in the ocean and yet remain dry. What am I?
Bacteria• In Kingdom Prokaryotae• All one-celled organisms
without a nucleus• The number of bacteria in your
mouth right now is greater than the amount of people that have ever lived!
Bacteria
•Can live in extreme environments•Boiling acid, hot springs, high mountains
Hot springs
Ocean depths
Benefits of Bacteria
•Decompose dead materials by recycling nitrogen, phosphorus, and other useful nutrients back into the environment
Decomposition
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c0En-_BVbGc
Bellwork
• I never was, am always to be,No one ever saw me, nor ever will,And yet I am the confidence of allTo live and breathe on this terrestrial ball.What am I?
Bad bacteria
•Bacteria can give you cavities and make you sick
Bad Bacteria
• http://natsci.edgewood.edu/wingra/wingra_bacteria.htm
Protoctist
•Organisms that have a nucleus, but is not a animal, plant, fungus, or bacteria
Protoctist environment
•Live in intestines, oceans, many others
Beneficial Protoctist
•Help in digestion•Provide large amounts of
oxygen
Examples
Fungi
•All non-green organisms that reproduce through spores and absorb their food
Examples
•Mushrooms, lichens, molds, yeast
Benefits
• Help support trees and other forest plants• Provide antibiotics such as
penicillin• Provide food (mushrooms, yeast)• Give off chemicals that wear
down rocks into soil
Disadvantages
• Some molds and mushrooms are dangerous
Environment
•On trees, forest floors, rocks, many others
You do it!
•Make a classification chart including the animal and plant kingdoms
Plan
t Kin
gdom Bryophyta
25,ooo speciesAbsorb water and nutrients through body
Reproduce through spores
Filicinophyta And so on….
An so on…
•Or you can simply continue on as you have in your book.
Homework
• Complete the worksheet on kingdom classification
Bellwork
•What species are included in the Phylum Mollusca?•Look in your book
Plant Kingdom
•Botanists are scientists that study plants•They have identified over 500000 species of plants
Plant phylum/divisions
•Botanists have classified plants into several phyla (they call them divisions, though)•10 Divisions/Phyla
http://www.pbs.org/safarchive/5_cool/galapagos/ g42_tax.html
• 1. Division/Phylum Bryophyta and Hepaticophyta: • about 25000 species• Absorb food through their
bodies• Reproduce with spores
Division / Phylum Filicinophyta
• Ferns•Reproduce with spores, but
have tissues that conduct water and minerals
Filicinophyta
Division/Phylum Coniferophyta
•Most are cone bearing, evergreen, with needle-like leaves
Division/Phylum Coniferophyta
Angiospermophyta
• 230000 plants that use flowers for reproduction• Includes obvious flowers
(daisies, roses, etc.)• Also includes those not
obvious (corn, oak, grasses)
Angiospermophyta
Ginkgophyta
• Only has one species, gingko tree• Does not use flowers for reproduction• Also not a conifer
Ginkgophyta
Animal Kingdom
• Zoologists are scientists that study animals•33 phyla•Most common animals fall
into 9
Phylum Porifera
•Over 10000 species•Ocean and fresh water
sponges
Phylum Porifera
Phylum Cnidaria
•All are circular and stinging tentacles around their mouth•Anemones, jellyfish, coral
Phylum Cnidaria
Phylum Platyhelminthes
• Flatworms, 15000 species• Tapeworms can live in
human intestines and grow to 95 feet
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Phylum Rotifera
•2000 species•Microscopic animals that
rotate
Phylum Rotifera
Phylum Mollusca
•110000 organisms•Molusks• Slugs, snails, giant squid
Phylum Mollusca
Phylum Annelida
•Earthworms and leeches
Phylum Annelida
Phylum Echinodermata
•Marine•5 radiating body parts• Starfish, sand dollars, sea
urchins
Phylum Echinodermata
Phylum Arthropoda
• Segmented bodies• Exoskeletons• Largest phylum• Insects, spiders, crabs,
arthropods
Phylum Arthropoda
Phylum Chordata• All animals with a backbone• Contains 5 classes:–Pisces–Amphibia–Reptillia–Aves–Mammalia
Pisces
•Fish, 25000 species
Amphibia
•Amphibians•4250 species• Salamanders, toads, frogs
Amphibians
Reptillia
Aves
•Birds•8700 species
Aves
Mammalia
•Mammals•4070 species•More that 1000 are bats!
Mammalia
Class/Homework
•Work on the handout•Due Monday
King
dom
:
Animal: Phylum:
Porifera
Cnidaria
Platyhelminthes
Rotifera
Mollusca
Annelida
Echinodermata
Anthropoda
Chordata Class:
Pisces
Amphibia
Reptilia
Aves
Mammalia
Plant: Division/Phylum
Bryophyta & Hepaticophyta
Filicinophyta
Coniferophyta
Angiospermophyta
Gingkophyta
Bacteria
Fungi
Protoctist
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