Life Science Chapter 4

Bellwork

•Discuss a scientific observation you made over the weekend.

Make a Book!

• Work with a partner, but everyone needs their own book.• Spend about 5-10 minutes and

read section 1 on your own• Then, get with a partner and

make the title page of your book

Chapter 1• Section 1:–Taxonomy (definition, scientists,

how it is useful)–History (Aristotle, Chain of

Being, Linnaeus)–Five Kingdom System–More Categories

Chapter 2

• Spend 5-10 minutes reading section 2

Section 2

•7 categories taxonomists use for classifying•Pictures and explanations

for each

Bellwork

•What are the 7 levels of classification of organisms?

Taxonomy

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aiC_Z8Za7wc

Taxonomy• The scientific classification of

organisms.• There are billions of organisms

that live on Earth• Taxonomists (scientists who

study taxonomy) have identified about 1.4 million species

History

Aristotle 384-322 B.C.

• Ladder of life• Mammals• Vertebrates• Invertebrates• Plants• Nonliving

things

14th Century Philosophers

• Great Chain of Being

• Spiritual Beings

• Humans• Higher Animals• Lower Animals• Plants• Nonliving

things

Carolus Linnaeus 1700s

• Binomial Nomenclature

• Two part Latin names

• First name is the species

• Second name distinguishes between species

Microscope

• Because of the microscope, scientists have added to the Kingdom system–Microorganisms–Mushrooms

Five Kingdom System

Five Kingdom System

AnimalsPlantsBacteriaProtoctistsFungi

Classification

• 1. Kingdom• 2. Phylum• 3. Class• 4. Order• 5. Family• 6. Genus• 7. Species

Bellwork 10-7

•Give an example of an organism from each of the five kingdoms

Kingdom Bacteria

• Includes all species of bacteria• Some divide this kingdom into

two:–Archaebacteria–Eubacteria

• http://danmarkltd.tripod.com/taxonomy/id5.html

Kingdom Protista (Protoctista)

•Contains one-celled organisms that contain a nucleus that are not animals, plants, fungi, or bacteria

Open book quiz over sections1-2

Bellwork 10-8

• The man who invented it doesn't want it. The man who bought it doesn't need it. The man who needs it doesn't know it. What is it?

Classification of Living Things

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g9AQbkQgVeU

Section 3 Bacteria, Protists, Fungi

• Read section 3.• For each of the categories above, find the

following information:– 1. A description of the organisms in this category– 2. Beneficial and detrimental effects of organisms

in this category– 3. Habitat of organisms in this category– 4. Examples of organisms in this category

Bellwork 10-9

• Give an example of a bacteria, protist, and fungi.• Also,• I'm the part of the bird that's not

in the sky. I can swim in the ocean and yet remain dry. What am I?

Bacteria• In Kingdom Prokaryotae• All one-celled organisms

without a nucleus• The number of bacteria in your

mouth right now is greater than the amount of people that have ever lived!

Bacteria

•Can live in extreme environments•Boiling acid, hot springs, high mountains

Hot springs

Ocean depths

Benefits of Bacteria

•Decompose dead materials by recycling nitrogen, phosphorus, and other useful nutrients back into the environment

Decomposition

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c0En-_BVbGc

Bellwork

• I never was, am always to be,No one ever saw me, nor ever will,And yet I am the confidence of allTo live and breathe on this terrestrial ball.What am I?

Bad bacteria

•Bacteria can give you cavities and make you sick

Bad Bacteria

• http://natsci.edgewood.edu/wingra/wingra_bacteria.htm

Protoctist

•Organisms that have a nucleus, but is not a animal, plant, fungus, or bacteria

Protoctist environment

•Live in intestines, oceans, many others

Beneficial Protoctist

•Help in digestion•Provide large amounts of

oxygen

Examples

Fungi

•All non-green organisms that reproduce through spores and absorb their food

Examples

•Mushrooms, lichens, molds, yeast

Benefits

• Help support trees and other forest plants• Provide antibiotics such as

penicillin• Provide food (mushrooms, yeast)• Give off chemicals that wear

down rocks into soil

Disadvantages

• Some molds and mushrooms are dangerous

Environment

•On trees, forest floors, rocks, many others

You do it!

•Make a classification chart including the animal and plant kingdoms

Plan

t Kin

gdom Bryophyta

25,ooo speciesAbsorb water and nutrients through body

Reproduce through spores

Filicinophyta And so on….

An so on…

•Or you can simply continue on as you have in your book.

Homework

• Complete the worksheet on kingdom classification

Bellwork

•What species are included in the Phylum Mollusca?•Look in your book

Plant Kingdom

•Botanists are scientists that study plants•They have identified over 500000 species of plants

Plant phylum/divisions

•Botanists have classified plants into several phyla (they call them divisions, though)•10 Divisions/Phyla

http://www.pbs.org/safarchive/5_cool/galapagos/ g42_tax.html

• 1. Division/Phylum Bryophyta and Hepaticophyta: • about 25000 species• Absorb food through their

bodies• Reproduce with spores

Division / Phylum Filicinophyta

• Ferns•Reproduce with spores, but

have tissues that conduct water and minerals

Filicinophyta

Division/Phylum Coniferophyta

•Most are cone bearing, evergreen, with needle-like leaves

Division/Phylum Coniferophyta

Angiospermophyta

• 230000 plants that use flowers for reproduction• Includes obvious flowers

(daisies, roses, etc.)• Also includes those not

obvious (corn, oak, grasses)

Angiospermophyta

Ginkgophyta

• Only has one species, gingko tree• Does not use flowers for reproduction• Also not a conifer

Ginkgophyta

Animal Kingdom

• Zoologists are scientists that study animals•33 phyla•Most common animals fall

into 9

Phylum Porifera

•Over 10000 species•Ocean and fresh water

sponges

Phylum Porifera

Phylum Cnidaria

•All are circular and stinging tentacles around their mouth•Anemones, jellyfish, coral

Phylum Cnidaria

Phylum Platyhelminthes

• Flatworms, 15000 species• Tapeworms can live in

human intestines and grow to 95 feet

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Phylum Rotifera

•2000 species•Microscopic animals that

rotate

Phylum Rotifera

Phylum Mollusca

•110000 organisms•Molusks• Slugs, snails, giant squid

Phylum Mollusca

Phylum Annelida

•Earthworms and leeches

Phylum Annelida

Phylum Echinodermata

•Marine•5 radiating body parts• Starfish, sand dollars, sea

urchins

Phylum Echinodermata

Phylum Arthropoda

• Segmented bodies• Exoskeletons• Largest phylum• Insects, spiders, crabs,

arthropods

Phylum Arthropoda

Phylum Chordata• All animals with a backbone• Contains 5 classes:–Pisces–Amphibia–Reptillia–Aves–Mammalia

Pisces

•Fish, 25000 species

Amphibia

•Amphibians•4250 species• Salamanders, toads, frogs

Amphibians

Reptillia

Aves

•Birds•8700 species

Aves

Mammalia

•Mammals•4070 species•More that 1000 are bats!

Mammalia

Class/Homework

•Work on the handout•Due Monday

King

dom

:

Animal: Phylum:

Porifera

Cnidaria

Platyhelminthes

Rotifera

Mollusca

Annelida

Echinodermata

Anthropoda

Chordata Class:

Pisces

Amphibia

Reptilia

Aves

Mammalia

Plant: Division/Phylum

Bryophyta & Hepaticophyta

Filicinophyta

Coniferophyta

Angiospermophyta

Gingkophyta

Bacteria

Fungi

Protoctist