SME 3242 Instrumentation
By:
Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation
By:
Dr. Robiah Ahmad ([email protected])
C23-422, Ext. 34707
FKM, UTM
Lecture 1
Introduction to measurement and
Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation
Introduction to measurement and instrumentation
What is measurement?What is measurement?
Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation
Determination of the magnitude of a quantity by comparing with a standard for that quantity
Measurement Standards and Measurement Standards and UnitsUnits
Measuring system are composed of different elements and condition therefore it needs norms and standards
Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation
3 unit systems widely used-International System (SI), CGS System, English System
Basic units - length, time, mass, temperatureDerived units –area, volume, acceleration, force
International System of Units (SI)International System of Units (SI)
The SI is founded on seven SI base units for seven base quantities assumed to be mutually independent, as given in Table 1.
SI base unit
Base quantity Name Symbol
length meter m
mass kilogram kg
Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation
mass kilogram kg
time second s
electric current ampere A
thermodynamic temperature kelvin K
amount of substance mole mol
luminous intensity candela cd
Derived Units- defined in terms of the seven base quantities via a system of quantity equations. Examples are:
SI base unit
Name Derived units Symbol
area square meter m2
volume cubic meter m3
Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation
volume cubic meter m3
velocitymeter per second
m/s
accelerationMeter per second squared
m/s-2
force m·kg·s-2 N
pressure m-1·kg·s-2 Pa
work m2·kg·s-2 Joule
What is instrumentation?What is instrumentation?
Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation
What is instrumentation?What is instrumentation?
Automotive SensorsAutomotive SensorsOxygen Sensor
Airflow Sensor
Accelerometer
Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation
Sensor
Water Temperature
Oil PressureCO Sensor
BiomedicalBiomedical
Ultrasound Transducer
Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation
Pressure measurement
Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation
The need for measurement and instrumentation
In industrial application, it is important for:
1) monitoring and control of a process
2) improving the quality of the product and
Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation
2) improving the quality of the product and efficiency of production
3) Safety purposes
Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation
Laser Sensor
Lecture01 SME3242 InstrumentationLaser sensor
Photoelectric sensor
Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation
Robiah Ahmad, FKM, UTM Lecture1&2
Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation
Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation
Typical Instrumentation SystemTypical Instrumentation System
� Transducer - converts the measured value into another useful value (a sensor)
Transducer Signal conditioner
A/D Converter
Display
Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation
another useful value (a sensor)� Signal conditioner- “conditions” the signal from the
sensor� A/D Converter - changes the signal into a digital
format� Computer - processes, displays, and records the
signal
Sensor
� Thermocouple
Thermocoupleinput output
temperature e.m.f
Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation
� Resistance thermometerinput
Resistance thermometer
output
temperature Resistance change
Signal conditioner
� Amplifierinput Amplifier
Small e.m.f
Larger voltage
output
Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation
� Wheatstone bridge
Voltage change
inputWheatstone bridge
Amplifier
Resistance change
Larger voltage change
Display
� Scaleinput
current change
scaleoutput
movement of pointer
Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation
� Computerinput
analog signal
DAS VDUdigital signal
output
readings
Temperature ControlTemperature Control
Desired Temperature
Control System
Furnace and
Material
Temperature Sensor
Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation
The Control System sets the current supplied to the heating elements in the furnace to keep the material temperature at the desired (setpoint) value.
h
Lecture01 SME3242 InstrumentationWater level system
AssignmentAssignment
Identify the elements for the pressure measurement system i.e. : transducer, signal conditioner, display
POINTER
Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation
SCALE
End of Lecture 01End of Lecture 01
Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation