Lecture01 Introduction to Measurement and Instrumentation Compatibility Mode

SME 3242 Instrumentation

By:

Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation

By:

Dr. Robiah Ahmad ([email protected])

C23-422, Ext. 34707

FKM, UTM

Lecture 1

Introduction to measurement and


Introduction to measurement and instrumentation

What is measurement?What is measurement?


Determination of the magnitude of a quantity by comparing with a standard for that quantity

Measurement Standards and Measurement Standards and UnitsUnits

Measuring system are composed of different elements and condition therefore it needs norms and standards


3 unit systems widely used-International System (SI), CGS System, English System

Basic units - length, time, mass, temperatureDerived units –area, volume, acceleration, force

International System of Units (SI)International System of Units (SI)

The SI is founded on seven SI base units for seven base quantities assumed to be mutually independent, as given in Table 1.

SI base unit

Base quantity Name Symbol

length meter m

mass kilogram kg


mass kilogram kg

time second s

electric current ampere A

thermodynamic temperature kelvin K

amount of substance mole mol

luminous intensity candela cd

Derived Units- defined in terms of the seven base quantities via a system of quantity equations. Examples are:

SI base unit

Name Derived units Symbol

area square meter m2

volume cubic meter m3


volume cubic meter m3

velocitymeter per second

m/s

accelerationMeter per second squared

m/s-2

force m·kg·s-2 N

pressure m-1·kg·s-2 Pa

work m2·kg·s-2 Joule

What is instrumentation?What is instrumentation?


What is instrumentation?What is instrumentation?

Automotive SensorsAutomotive SensorsOxygen Sensor

Airflow Sensor

Accelerometer


Sensor

Water Temperature

Oil PressureCO Sensor

BiomedicalBiomedical

Ultrasound Transducer


Pressure measurement


The need for measurement and instrumentation

In industrial application, it is important for:

1) monitoring and control of a process

2) improving the quality of the product and


2) improving the quality of the product and efficiency of production

3) Safety purposes


Laser Sensor

Lecture01 SME3242 InstrumentationLaser sensor

Photoelectric sensor


Robiah Ahmad, FKM, UTM Lecture1&2


Typical Instrumentation SystemTypical Instrumentation System

� Transducer - converts the measured value into another useful value (a sensor)

Transducer Signal conditioner

A/D Converter

Display


another useful value (a sensor)� Signal conditioner- “conditions” the signal from the

sensor� A/D Converter - changes the signal into a digital

format� Computer - processes, displays, and records the

signal

Sensor

� Thermocouple

Thermocoupleinput output

temperature e.m.f


� Resistance thermometerinput

Resistance thermometer

output

temperature Resistance change

Signal conditioner

� Amplifierinput Amplifier

Small e.m.f

Larger voltage

output


� Wheatstone bridge

Voltage change

inputWheatstone bridge

Amplifier

Resistance change

Larger voltage change

Display

� Scaleinput

current change

scaleoutput

movement of pointer


� Computerinput

analog signal

DAS VDUdigital signal

output

readings

Temperature ControlTemperature Control

Desired Temperature

Control System

Furnace and

Material

Temperature Sensor


The Control System sets the current supplied to the heating elements in the furnace to keep the material temperature at the desired (setpoint) value.

h

Lecture01 SME3242 InstrumentationWater level system

AssignmentAssignment

Identify the elements for the pressure measurement system i.e. : transducer, signal conditioner, display

POINTER


SCALE

End of Lecture 01End of Lecture 01


Lecture01 Introduction to Measurement and Instrumentation Compatibility Mode

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Transcript of Lecture01 Introduction to Measurement and Instrumentation Compatibility Mode