NONVASCULAR PLANTS
• Mosses are often found next to streams, coastlines and other moist places. • They will can be found in odd places as well, such
as city sidewalks. • Anywhere moisture collects you will find mosses,
because mosses are examples of Nonvascular plants.
KEY FEATURES
• Nonvascular plants include lack of roots stems and leaves. They also have the following features that have allowed them to live on land• Small Size: water and nutrients transported by osmosis• Larger gametophytes: Hair like rhizoids anchor the
gametophytes to the surfaces on which they grow• Require water for sexual reproduction: Must be covered
by water for fertilization to occur
KINDS OF NONVASCULAR PLANTS
• Mosses: Phylum Bryophyta• Liverworts: Phylum Hepatophyta• Hornworts: Phylum Anthocerophyta
SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS
• These are a diverse set of vascular plants that do NOT produce seeds. Key features include:• Vascular system: contain both xylem and phloem.• Larger sporophyte: instead of seeds they have spores
that get carried with the wind. Need water for reproduction
• Drought resistant spores: Thickened walls of the spores are resistant to drying out. Plants can live in drier habitats.
KINDS OF SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS
• Ferns: Phylum Pterophyta• Club Mosses: Phylum Lycophyta• Horsetails: Phylum Sphenophyta• Whisk Ferns: Phylum Psioltophyta
GYMNOSPERMS
• Seed plants whose seeds do not develop within a sealed container (fruit) features include:• Seeds: Seeds protect plant embryo, provide nutrient and
permit them to survive• Reduced gametophytes: Produce male and female
gametophytes.• Wind Pollination: Sperm of gymnosperms do not swim
through water to reach and fertilize eggs. Sperm are carried to the structures by pollen which can drift on the wind.
KINDS OF GYMNOSPERMS
• Conifers: Phylum: Coniferophyta• Cycads: Phylum Cycadophyta• Ginkgo: Phylum Ginkgophyta• Gnetophytes: Phylum Gnetophyta
ANGIOSPERMS
• Most recent groups of plants to evolve, flowering plant with seeds that are enclosed within a fruit. Features include:• Flowers: Male and female gametophytes develop within
the flowers.• Fruits: Provide some protection, main function is to
promote seed dispersal by animals.• Endosperm: seeds have supply of food stored as
endosperm. Will be absorbed before seeds mature
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