Katz’ Uses & Gratifications theory

• Personal Identification – Where the audience can relate to a character or their situation

• Personal Relationship – Where the audience builds a close bond with a character or group of characters

• Inform & Educate – Where the audience LEARN something from consuming the text

• Diversion – Where the audience can ESCAPE from their reality and immerse themselves in the text.

Hartley’s Seven Subjectivities

1) Age2) Gender

3) Class4) Ethnicity

5) Self-Image6) Nation7) Family

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

• Social Climbers– Where the audience are driven by improving their status in society

• Caregivers– Where the audience sympathise with the characters situation.

• Explorers– Where the audience are driven by social change.

• Survivors – Audience members who want the security and routine of knowing the characters will be ok (For example) or something will be resolved.