Israelites & Assyrians At Dor
Treaty of Esarhaddon King of Assryia with Ba‛al King of Tyre, 676 BCE
Phoenician Dorearly Iron age 11th-9th c.
Phoenician made vessels traded to Dor but also made at dor
(Iron Ia – early Iron IIa)
Cyprus made & TRADED VESSELS
Dor made & TRADED VESSELS BACK TO CYPRUS
Canaanite kings ruled at dor-JUDGES 1:27
JOSH 12:1 CLAIMS IT BECAME ISRAELITE
IRON IIA - IIB - 980-720(MIDDLE IRON AGE, 10TH - 8TH C.)
Period of the Israelite monarchy
Mazar, A. 2005. The Debate over the Chronology of the Iron Age in the Southern
Levant
IRON IIA - IIB - 980-720(MIDDLE IRON AGE, 10TH - 8TH C.)
Period of the Israelite monarchy
- RELATIVE CHRONOLOGY -
IRON IIC - 720-630(LATE IRON AGE, LATE 8TH - 7TH C) Period of the Assyrian occupation
LATE IRON IIC - 630-586 (late 7th - 6th)
Period of the Babylonians
@Dor
Solomon’s 4th district ?
Period of the Israelite monarchy (LATE 9TH - 8TH C.)
Area D2, later Iron 2a “Taphat’s” building in new orientation
..Solomon had twelve deputies over all Israel, who provided for the king and his household; each man had to provide for a month in the year.
.........Ben-abinadab, in all the height of Dor Taphath the daughter of Solomon was his wife
1 Kings 4:7-11
8TH C. POTTERY
D5 “Boulder Building” / Fort TowerView looking north
Period of the Israelite monarchy (LATE 9TH - 8TH C.)
Later IRON IIA OR IIB4-CHAMBERED GATE AND
OFFSET-INSET CITY WALL ON THE EAST
Period of the Israelite monarchy (LATE 9TH - 8TH C.)
Mesopotamia (Iraq) is where civilization as we know it today first began with all its historic
firsts -- the rise of cities, urban living, city planning, royal palaces, temples (and ziggurats like the Tower of Babylon), writing, arithmetic, astronomy (and astrology)
accounting, law, irrigation,politics, leadership, city states, kingdoms, and conquering empires
each with its own pantheon of polytheistic gods and attendant spirits.
Assur, Assur & Assur
Country -> City -> God all have the same name!
THE HOLY TRINITY...
Tiglath-Pileser III (744-727) the “Father of the Neo-Assyrian Empire” & his successors -
Shalmaneser V (726-722) Sargon II (722-705) & Sennacherib (705-681)....
the Golan and the Kingdom of Damascus 732
Gilead in the northern part of Transjordan
Israelite Kingdom (Samaria destroyed 722, Israel 720)
the coastal regions of Southern Phoenicia (Sidon, Tyre, Dor) & Philistia (Gezer, Ashdod, Ashkelon, Gaza, Raphia) 734, 732,
DESTRUCTION & DEPORTATION IN...
“Destruction”
TAX / TRIBUTE / GIFTS
CONSCRIPTION
POPULATION TRANSFERS
UNSTABLE ECONOMY
REORGANISED ADMINISTRATION
HOSTAGES
DESTRUCTION OF ALL SOCIAL, ECONOMIC & POLITICAL ORDER
DETHRONING MONARCHY
Establish Assyrian Provinces
DESIGNED BY KAREN RADNER, DRAWN BY CORNELIE WOLFF
GILEAD
MEGIDDO
DOR(?)
SAMARIA
ASHDOD
its varied approaches to the annexation of the Levant and its choices in developing certain areas such as the cities of Megiddo, Samaria, and Ashdod while others appear to decline, such as Hazor and Shechem (Gitin 1997, 82; Gal 1998, Finkelstein 2009, 122).
Was there a period under Assyrian occupation where people flourished- or is this a myth? (cf Bunimovitz & Lederman 2003; Fantalikin 2004).
Assyrians at Dor - A look at 4 topics
SEALSARCHITECTURE
CERAMICSTEXTS
K 4384 II 16 and ADD 919+ II 3 mentions the city of Du’ru (DOR)-is this a List of Assyrian provinces? or a list of Assyrian Trading Centers (karum)?
TEXTUAL EVIDENCE: NINEVEH DOCUMENTS
FORRER 1920: 60-61; NA’AMAN 2009: 97-98
“the way of the sea = DOR?THE LAND BEYOND JORDAN = THE GILEADGALILEE OF THE NATIONS” = GALILEE [MEGIDDO]
ISAIAH
8:23
THe Prophet ISAIAH refers to 3 Assyrian provinces? is one of them Dor?
TEXTUAL EVIDENCE: Treaty of Esarhaddon with Ba’al of Tyre 676 BCE
IF A SHIP OF BA’AL OR OF THE PEOPLE OF TYRE IS SHIPWRECKED OFF THE LAND OF THE PHILISTINES OR
WITHIN ASSYRIAN TERRITORY, EVERYTHING THAT IS ON THE SHIP BELONGS TO ESARHADDON, KING OF ASSYRIA;
HOWEVER, NO HARM MAY BE DONE TO PERSONS ON BOARD THE SHIP, BUT THEY MUST ALL BE RETURNED TO
THEIR COUNTRY.
THESE ARE THE PORTS OF TRADE AND THE TRADE ROUTES OF ESARHADDON, KING OF ASSYRIA, EN[TRUSTED] TO HIS
SERVANT BAAL: TOWARD Acco, Dor, IN THE ENTIRE DISTRICT OF THE Philistines, AND IN ALL THE CITIES WITHIN ASSYRIAN TERRITORY ON THE SEA COAST, AND IN GUBLA,
THE LEBANON, ALL THE CITIES IN THE MOUNTAINS.
-Philistia WAS A VERY IMPORTANT TRADE CENTER FOR ASSYRIA, OUTSIDE OF IT’S EMPIRE
-Assyrian Acco FUNCTIONED AS A CENTER FOR ASSYRIAN-RULE IN THE REGION-Dor, THE ONLY CITY LISTED THAT LIES BETWEEN PHILISTIA & ACCO, WAS
ALSO AN IMPORTANT TRADE STATION FOR THE ASSYRIANS
ASSYRIAN-STYLE DOOR-SOCKET
IRON IIC - 7TH CENTURY2-CHAMBER GATE
B1/Phase 6
CYPRIOT & PHOENICIAN IMPORTS
Large Scale Industry
VASSAL 738 SIDON
VASSAL 738 TYRE
TEL EN-NASBEH
CERAMICS: ASSYRIAN- STYLE
- Palace ware IS FINE WARE MADE IN ASSYRIA FOR ELITES
-bowls, bottles & goblets ARE FAVOURED ITEMS TO COPY
-RARE Black ware ITEMS MAY COPY ASSYRIA
TEL DOR
DOR
SHIKMONA
Palace ware
Tel DorTel Dor
TEL JEMMEH
TEL DOR
CARINATED BOWL
CARMEL COAST
TEL DOR LEBANESE COAST
TEL DOR
Mazar,A & Ahituv,S_2011 Tel Rehov in the Assyrian Period
Squatters, Burials, and a Hebrew Seal
Tel Dor
Mesopotamia??Mesopotamia??
BOTTLES
TEL DOR
TEL ‘SERA
ISRAEL HILL COUNTRY
GOBLETS
TEL DOR B10219/5
Jordan valley,Southern shephelah,
northern negev
BLACK WARE
TEL DOR
israel hill country
BLACK WARE
Barrel-shaped, late 8th-7th c. Assyrian-styled cultic scene; locally made
Istar with a female worshipper(?) holding a bowl (?)
SEALS: DEPICTING CULTIC SCENES
(ORNAN 2001:244)
The Title “Queen of Heaven ”
The Babylonian-Assyrian -> Istar
The West Semitic goddesses -> Anat & Astarte
WHO IS THE Judean
“QUEEN OF HEAVEN”
MENTIONED IN JEREMIAH 44 ?
Jeremiah mentions the people made and offered up cakes / kawwânîm to this goddess...
IT IS ARGUED THAT THE QUEEN OF HEAVEN IS A HYBRID-CULT FUSING ASSYRIAN AND LOCAL ELEMENTS TOGETHER
ISTAR-OF-THE-STARSNEO-ASSYRIAN SEAL
Istar from Israel
Istar is standing on a lion, with hand raised in blessing towards a petitioner, a cultic stand lies between them
Above are the Pleiades (7 stars), winged disc and crescent
ISTAR ON SILVER PENDANT,TEL MIQNE
ITS ROUGH CRAFTMANSHIP SHOWS IT IS LOCALLY MADE,
DEPICTS AN ASSYRIAN SCENE, BUT SHOWS PHOENICIAN INFLUENCES (Ornan 2001:238)
IN 1954- POPE PIUS XII OFFICIALLY DECLARED MARY
THE QUEEN OF HEAVEN
AND IT CONTINUES..
.
Those in Power, Influence...
HEZEKIAH’S EGYPTIAN-STYLED LMLK SEALS LATE 8TH CENTURY
ROSETTE SEAL7TH-6TH CENTURY
PERSONAL HEBREW SEAL7TH CENTURY
4TH CENTURY COINOF SUN DEITY YWH
Ezekiel 1:26)
Other Gods...
Tammuz the husband of Istar is also mentioned in the Bible (Ezekiel 8:14-15)
“women weeping for Tammuz” refers to the annual mourning of the death of Tammuz - he was the life-death-rebirth god
DUMUZI / TAMMUZ 3200 BCE
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