Israelites & Assyrians At Dor

Treaty of Esarhaddon King of Assryia with Ba‛al King of Tyre, 676 BCE

Phoenician Dorearly Iron age 11th-9th c.

Phoenician made vessels traded to Dor but also made at dor

(Iron Ia – early Iron IIa)

Cyprus made & TRADED VESSELS

Dor made & TRADED VESSELS BACK TO CYPRUS

Canaanite kings ruled at dor-JUDGES 1:27

JOSH 12:1 CLAIMS IT BECAME ISRAELITE

IRON IIA - IIB - 980-720(MIDDLE IRON AGE, 10TH - 8TH C.)

Period of the Israelite monarchy

Mazar, A. 2005. The Debate over the Chronology of the Iron Age in the Southern

Levant

IRON IIA - IIB - 980-720(MIDDLE IRON AGE, 10TH - 8TH C.)

Period of the Israelite monarchy

- RELATIVE CHRONOLOGY -

IRON IIC - 720-630(LATE IRON AGE, LATE 8TH - 7TH C) Period of the Assyrian occupation

LATE IRON IIC - 630-586 (late 7th - 6th)

Period of the Babylonians

@Dor

Solomon’s 4th district ?

Period of the Israelite monarchy (LATE 9TH - 8TH C.)

Area D2, later Iron 2a “Taphat’s” building in new orientation

..Solomon had twelve deputies over all Israel, who provided for the king and his household; each man had to provide for a month in the year.

.........Ben-abinadab, in all the height of Dor Taphath the daughter of Solomon was his wife

1 Kings 4:7-11

8TH C. POTTERY

D5 “Boulder Building” / Fort TowerView looking north

Period of the Israelite monarchy (LATE 9TH - 8TH C.)

Later IRON IIA OR IIB4-CHAMBERED GATE AND

OFFSET-INSET CITY WALL ON THE EAST

Period of the Israelite monarchy (LATE 9TH - 8TH C.)

Mesopotamia (Iraq) is where civilization as we know it today first began with all its historic

firsts -- the rise of cities, urban living, city planning, royal palaces, temples (and ziggurats like the Tower of Babylon), writing, arithmetic, astronomy (and astrology)

accounting, law, irrigation,politics, leadership, city states, kingdoms, and conquering empires

each with its own pantheon of polytheistic gods and attendant spirits.

Assur, Assur & Assur

Country -> City -> God all have the same name!

THE HOLY TRINITY...

Tiglath-Pileser III (744-727) the “Father of the Neo-Assyrian Empire” & his successors -

Shalmaneser V (726-722) Sargon II (722-705) & Sennacherib (705-681)....

the Golan and the Kingdom of Damascus 732

Gilead in the northern part of Transjordan

Israelite Kingdom (Samaria destroyed 722, Israel 720)

the coastal regions of Southern Phoenicia (Sidon, Tyre, Dor) & Philistia (Gezer, Ashdod, Ashkelon, Gaza, Raphia) 734, 732,

DESTRUCTION & DEPORTATION IN...

“Destruction”

TAX / TRIBUTE / GIFTS

CONSCRIPTION

POPULATION TRANSFERS

UNSTABLE ECONOMY

REORGANISED ADMINISTRATION

HOSTAGES

DESTRUCTION OF ALL SOCIAL, ECONOMIC & POLITICAL ORDER

DETHRONING MONARCHY

Establish Assyrian Provinces

DESIGNED BY KAREN RADNER, DRAWN BY CORNELIE WOLFF

GILEAD

MEGIDDO

DOR(?)

SAMARIA

ASHDOD

its varied approaches to the annexation of the Levant and its choices in developing certain areas such as the cities of Megiddo, Samaria, and Ashdod while others appear to decline, such as Hazor and Shechem (Gitin 1997, 82; Gal 1998, Finkelstein 2009, 122).

Was there a period under Assyrian occupation where people flourished- or is this a myth? (cf Bunimovitz & Lederman 2003; Fantalikin 2004).

Assyrians at Dor - A look at 4 topics

SEALSARCHITECTURE

CERAMICSTEXTS

K 4384 II 16 and ADD 919+ II 3 mentions the city of Du’ru (DOR)-is this a List of Assyrian provinces? or a list of Assyrian Trading Centers (karum)?

TEXTUAL EVIDENCE: NINEVEH DOCUMENTS

FORRER 1920: 60-61; NA’AMAN 2009: 97-98

“the way of the sea = DOR?THE LAND BEYOND JORDAN = THE GILEADGALILEE OF THE NATIONS” = GALILEE [MEGIDDO]

ISAIAH

8:23

THe Prophet ISAIAH refers to 3 Assyrian provinces? is one of them Dor?

TEXTUAL EVIDENCE: Treaty of Esarhaddon with Ba’al of Tyre 676 BCE

IF A SHIP OF BA’AL OR OF THE PEOPLE OF TYRE IS SHIPWRECKED OFF THE LAND OF THE PHILISTINES OR

WITHIN ASSYRIAN TERRITORY, EVERYTHING THAT IS ON THE SHIP BELONGS TO ESARHADDON, KING OF ASSYRIA;

HOWEVER, NO HARM MAY BE DONE TO PERSONS ON BOARD THE SHIP, BUT THEY MUST ALL BE RETURNED TO

THEIR COUNTRY.

THESE ARE THE PORTS OF TRADE AND THE TRADE ROUTES OF ESARHADDON, KING OF ASSYRIA, EN[TRUSTED] TO HIS

SERVANT BAAL: TOWARD Acco, Dor, IN THE ENTIRE DISTRICT OF THE Philistines, AND IN ALL THE CITIES WITHIN ASSYRIAN TERRITORY ON THE SEA COAST, AND IN GUBLA,

THE LEBANON, ALL THE CITIES IN THE MOUNTAINS.

-Philistia WAS A VERY IMPORTANT TRADE CENTER FOR ASSYRIA, OUTSIDE OF IT’S EMPIRE

-Assyrian Acco FUNCTIONED AS A CENTER FOR ASSYRIAN-RULE IN THE REGION-Dor, THE ONLY CITY LISTED THAT LIES BETWEEN PHILISTIA & ACCO, WAS

ALSO AN IMPORTANT TRADE STATION FOR THE ASSYRIANS

ASSYRIAN-STYLE DOOR-SOCKET

IRON IIC - 7TH CENTURY2-CHAMBER GATE

B1/Phase 6

CYPRIOT & PHOENICIAN IMPORTS

Large Scale Industry

VASSAL 738 SIDON

VASSAL 738 TYRE

TEL EN-NASBEH

CERAMICS: ASSYRIAN- STYLE

- Palace ware IS FINE WARE MADE IN ASSYRIA FOR ELITES

-bowls, bottles & goblets ARE FAVOURED ITEMS TO COPY

-RARE Black ware ITEMS MAY COPY ASSYRIA

TEL DOR

DOR

SHIKMONA

Palace ware

Tel DorTel Dor

TEL JEMMEH

TEL DOR

CARINATED BOWL

CARMEL COAST

TEL DOR LEBANESE COAST

TEL DOR

Mazar,A & Ahituv,S_2011 Tel Rehov in the Assyrian Period

Squatters, Burials, and a Hebrew Seal

Tel Dor

Mesopotamia??Mesopotamia??

BOTTLES

TEL DOR

TEL ‘SERA

ISRAEL HILL COUNTRY

GOBLETS

TEL DOR B10219/5

Jordan valley,Southern shephelah,

northern negev

BLACK WARE

TEL DOR

israel hill country

BLACK WARE

Barrel-shaped, late 8th-7th c. Assyrian-styled cultic scene; locally made

Istar with a female worshipper(?) holding a bowl (?)

SEALS: DEPICTING CULTIC SCENES

(ORNAN 2001:244)

The Title “Queen of Heaven ”

The Babylonian-Assyrian -> Istar

The West Semitic goddesses -> Anat & Astarte

WHO IS THE Judean

“QUEEN OF HEAVEN”

MENTIONED IN JEREMIAH 44 ?

Jeremiah mentions the people made and offered up cakes / kawwânîm to this goddess...

IT IS ARGUED THAT THE QUEEN OF HEAVEN IS A HYBRID-CULT FUSING ASSYRIAN AND LOCAL ELEMENTS TOGETHER

ISTAR-OF-THE-STARSNEO-ASSYRIAN SEAL

Istar from Israel

Istar is standing on a lion, with hand raised in blessing towards a petitioner, a cultic stand lies between them

Above are the Pleiades (7 stars), winged disc and crescent

ISTAR ON SILVER PENDANT,TEL MIQNE

ITS ROUGH CRAFTMANSHIP SHOWS IT IS LOCALLY MADE,

DEPICTS AN ASSYRIAN SCENE, BUT SHOWS PHOENICIAN INFLUENCES (Ornan 2001:238)

IN 1954- POPE PIUS XII OFFICIALLY DECLARED MARY

THE QUEEN OF HEAVEN

AND IT CONTINUES..

.

Those in Power, Influence...

HEZEKIAH’S EGYPTIAN-STYLED LMLK SEALS LATE 8TH CENTURY

ROSETTE SEAL7TH-6TH CENTURY

PERSONAL HEBREW SEAL7TH CENTURY

4TH CENTURY COINOF SUN DEITY YWH

Ezekiel 1:26)

Other Gods...

Tammuz the husband of Istar is also mentioned in the Bible (Ezekiel 8:14-15)

“women weeping for Tammuz” refers to the annual mourning of the death of Tammuz - he was the life-death-rebirth god

DUMUZI / TAMMUZ 3200 BCE