Arno Smets
Introduction to Solar EnergyPhotovoltaics
Week 1.3
Solar cell operation
+-
+-
+ -
+-
front contact
n-typesilicon
pn junction
p-typeback contact
Solar cell operation
n-type c-Si n-type c-Si
depletion region
depletion regionp++-type Si
back contact
p-type c-Si absorber
membrane
Front contact
Solar cell operation
n-type c-Si n-type c-Si
depletion region
depletion regionp++-type Si
back contact
p-type c-Si absorber
membrane
Front contact
Solar cell operation
n-type c-Si n-type c-Si
depletion region
depletion regionp++-type Si
back contact
p-type c-Si absorber
membrane
Front contact
Solar cell operation
n-type c-Si n-type c-Si
depletion region
depletion regionp++-type Si
back contact
p-type c-Si absorber
membrane
Front contact
Present limit
5004003002001000
Cost [US$/m2]
US$ 3.5/Wp
US$ 1.0/Wp
US$ 0.5/WpUS$ 0.2/WpUS$ 0.1/Wp
II
III
100
Effi
cie
ncy
[%
] 80
60
40
20
Wp/m
²
I
oxide
p+
“inverted” pyramidsfinger
thin oxide( 200 ) p+
p+
double layerantireflectioncoating
n+ n
Source: University of New South Wales, Australia
Wafer-based crystalline silicon
Glass superstrate
TCO
Intrinsic a-Si:H
n-type
Metal electrode
p-type
Superstrate solar cellstructure
Thin-film silicon
Glass
CdS (n-type)
CdTe
(p-type)
Metal contact
TCO (ZnO:Al)
Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ferriday/5815935109/
Cadmium Telluride
NiA1
TCO (ZnO:Al)
CdS (n-type)
CuInSe2
(p-type)
Mo
Glass
MgF2
TCO (intrinsic ZnO)
CIGS
Source: Fraunhofer ISE
Source: Solarmer Energy
Organic/Dye sensitized Solar Cells
III – V PV Technology
PV technologies
Down-convertor Up-convertor
pn
Rearcontact
Quantumdots
Frontcontact
a
IBC
Emerging and novel technologies
Thank you for your attention!
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