Intro – Broadband Needs
Consumer Choice…Today
Digital & IPGDigital & IPG
On DemandOn Demand
1.5 Mbps1.5 Mbps5 Mbps5 Mbps
1.0 Mbps1.0 Mbps
Data on TVData on TV
Video on your cellVideo on your cell
VoIPVoIP
Customer Choice…Tomorrow
Home Networking for Video, Voice and DataHome Networking for Video, Voice and Data
Home TelepresenceHome Telepresence
Any Content…Any Where…Any TimeAny Content…Any Where…Any TimeHDTV & DVRsHDTV & DVRs
Global Traffic Growth
Consumer Applications
Bandwidth Required
Internet .500 - 1.5 Mbps
VoIP30Kbps-100 Kbps
Interactive Gaming
128k - 6.0 Mbps
Video on Demand
3.0 - 6.0 Mbps
Broadcast TV (SD-TV)
3.0 – 5.0 Mbps
HDTV MPEG-4 6.0 – 7.0 Mbps
IPTV
InternetAccess
VoIP
IP Traffic
Time
One way – Fiber to the Home
• Less Expensive• Thinner• Higher Carrying capacity• Less signal degradation• Light signals• Lowe Power• Digital Signals• Non-flammable• Light weight
How “fast” is fiber optics?
• Copper wire (twisted pair) up to ~ 100 Mb/sec (short distances)
– 1,500 phone calls– 2 TV channels– 2 Bibles/sec
• Coaxial cable (also copper) Up to ~1 Gb/sec (short distances)
– 15,000 phone calls– 20 TV channels (> 200 with “data compression”)– 20 bibles/second
• Optical Fiber up to 50 Tb/s (50,000 Gb/s) (long distances)– 0.78 billion phone calls– 1 million TV channels– 1 million Bibles/second
Moving from Copper to Fiber…
CO
CO//
19 Mbps - 1 Gbps +Optical networks, optimized for voice, video and data
CO/HE//
Old networks, optimized for voice 24 kbps - 1.5 Mbps
Comparison Fiber vs Copper
Fiber Copper
Uses Light Uses Electricity
Transparent Opaque
Dielectric Material – non-conductive - EMI Immune
Electrically Conductive Material - Susceptible to EMI
Low Thermal Expansion High Thermal Expansion
Brittle, Rigid Material Ductile Material
Chemically Stable Subject to Corrosion & Galvanic Reactions
Recyclable
Introduction to Optical Fibers.
• Fibers of glass• Usually 120 micrometers in diameter• Used to carry signals in the form of light over long
distances• No repeaters needed.
Introduction (Cont…)
• Core – thin glass center of the fiber where light travels.
• Cladding – outer optical material surrounding the core• Buffer Coating – plastic coating that protects the fiber.
Type of Fibers
Optical fibers come in two types:• Single-mode fibers – used to transmit
one signal per fiber (used in telephone and cable TV). They have small cores(9 microns in diameter) and transmit infra-red light from laser.
• Multi-mode fibers – used to transmit many signals per fiber (used in computer networks). They have larger cores(62.5 microns in diameter) and transmit infra-red light from LED.
Total Internal Reflection in Fiber
FTTX
• Refers to several different optical fiber architectures • Most Common terms:
– Fiber to the node / neighborhood (FTTN) – Fiber to the building (FTTB)– Fiber to the home (FTTH)
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