Intro – Broadband Needs

Consumer Choice…Today

Digital & IPGDigital & IPG

On DemandOn Demand

1.5 Mbps1.5 Mbps5 Mbps5 Mbps

1.0 Mbps1.0 Mbps

Data on TVData on TV

Video on your cellVideo on your cell

VoIPVoIP

Customer Choice…Tomorrow

Home Networking for Video, Voice and DataHome Networking for Video, Voice and Data

Home TelepresenceHome Telepresence

Any Content…Any Where…Any TimeAny Content…Any Where…Any TimeHDTV & DVRsHDTV & DVRs

Global Traffic Growth

Consumer Applications

Bandwidth Required

Internet .500 - 1.5 Mbps

VoIP30Kbps-100 Kbps

Interactive Gaming

128k - 6.0 Mbps

Video on Demand

3.0 - 6.0 Mbps

Broadcast TV (SD-TV)

3.0 – 5.0 Mbps

HDTV MPEG-4 6.0 – 7.0 Mbps

IPTV

InternetAccess

VoIP

IP Traffic

Time

One way – Fiber to the Home

• Less Expensive• Thinner• Higher Carrying capacity• Less signal degradation• Light signals• Lowe Power• Digital Signals• Non-flammable• Light weight

How “fast” is fiber optics?

• Copper wire (twisted pair) up to ~ 100 Mb/sec (short distances)

– 1,500 phone calls– 2 TV channels– 2 Bibles/sec

• Coaxial cable (also copper) Up to ~1 Gb/sec (short distances)

– 15,000 phone calls– 20 TV channels (> 200 with “data compression”)– 20 bibles/second

• Optical Fiber up to 50 Tb/s (50,000 Gb/s) (long distances)– 0.78 billion phone calls– 1 million TV channels– 1 million Bibles/second

Moving from Copper to Fiber…

CO

CO//

19 Mbps - 1 Gbps +Optical networks, optimized for voice, video and data

CO/HE//

Old networks, optimized for voice 24 kbps - 1.5 Mbps

Comparison Fiber vs Copper

Fiber Copper

Uses Light Uses Electricity

Transparent Opaque

Dielectric Material – non-conductive - EMI Immune

Electrically Conductive Material - Susceptible to EMI

Low Thermal Expansion High Thermal Expansion

Brittle, Rigid Material Ductile Material

Chemically Stable Subject to Corrosion & Galvanic Reactions

Recyclable

Introduction to Optical Fibers.

• Fibers of glass• Usually 120 micrometers in diameter• Used to carry signals in the form of light over long

distances• No repeaters needed.

Introduction (Cont…)

• Core – thin glass center of the fiber where light travels.

• Cladding – outer optical material surrounding the core• Buffer Coating – plastic coating that protects the fiber.

Type of Fibers

Optical fibers come in two types:• Single-mode fibers – used to transmit

one signal per fiber (used in telephone and cable TV). They have small cores(9 microns in diameter) and transmit infra-red light from laser.

• Multi-mode fibers – used to transmit many signals per fiber (used in computer networks). They have larger cores(62.5 microns in diameter) and transmit infra-red light from LED.

Total Internal Reflection in Fiber

FTTX

• Refers to several different optical fiber architectures • Most Common terms:

– Fiber to the node / neighborhood (FTTN) – Fiber to the building (FTTB)– Fiber to the home (FTTH)