INTEGRATION OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS Into the New York Terminal Area
Christopher KennedyAnthony Peri
INTRODUCTION Integration of Unmanned Aerial
Systems (UAS) into the National Airspace System (NAS)
Plans for UAS in New York Area Create a set of regulations
specific to UAS to match that of manned aircraft
Least intrusive to current policies, efficiency, and safety
Utilise current and future technologies and plans
Broader utilisation of UAS Security, cartography,
photography, weather, commercial
HISTORY OF UAS Used in warfare for over a
century Bombs attached to balloons
(Pre-20th Century) Radio controlled drones for
anti-aircraft training (WWII) Reconnaissance drones
(Vietnam War) Full-sized combat drones
(Operation Iraqi Freedom) More domestic applications
Border patrol, search and rescue, surveillance, etc.
NEXTGEN UAS INTEGRATION PLANS Next Generation Air
Transportation System (NextGen) Rely on satellite
technology for navigation and collision avoidance
increase efficiency/accuracy and decrease costs
integration of UAS must comply with future environment of NextGen
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f(x) = 189.308416547789 x + 18R² = 0.995533683978849R² = 0.995567250486434
NW approach RNAV 22L EWR
Distance from airport (nm)
Alti
tude
(ft
)
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE INTEGRATION PLANS
Department of Defense (DoD) Plans DoD leads UAS integration Wide operations of UAS, National
regulation of aircraft and pilot Partnership with FAA, NASA, Homeland
Security, etc. Outlined points for integration set with
DoD and FAA regulations Aircraft must be certified, pilots
must be qualified, and flights must be in compliance with current procedures
UAS TECHNOLOGY UAS Operations
A ground control Station, UAV, Satellite Uplink, and satellite relay
Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) Satellite-based system overhaul of NAS
Transponder Emits identifying signal in response to a received signal
Automatic Dependent Surveillance-broadcast Aircraft Tracking through satellite navigation Key element of NextGen Required for most aircraft by 2020
New York Terminal Area and Class B Airspace
UAS AIRSPACE DESIGN The airspace around New York City is very complex due
to a large amount of private and commercial air traffic.
After Comparing four airspace proposals, a Special Flight Rules Area with UAS transient routes was adopted, as it fit with the majority of manned flight operations in the New York Area.
This design features two E-W routes and one N-S route to transit the airspace with minimal controller contact.
A corridor will be set up for UAS operations 3 NM wide by 2000 ft in altitude. This will allow free flight while remaining clear of other traffic.
UAS INTEGRATION AIRSPACE DESIGN
SAFETY AND SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS New York Terminal Area contains three of the busiest
airports in the nation, multiple commercial ports, and New York City.
UAS routes and special flight rules area was designed to mitigate threats and hazards while flight of UAS is conducted in this airspace.
Air traffic control must be notified of any course deviations by PIC of UAS system before entering SFRA from transient corridor.
All unmanned aircraft within the lateral boundaries of New York Class B VFR airspace must maintain contact with approach control.
If within the transient corridor, UAS does not need to maintain contact, but must continue to squawk a designated corridor transponder code.
IFR traffic Interference
residential impact
System Safety
System Security
VFR Traffic Alterations
Continuity with existing system
UAS airport access
Emergency Procedures
ATC controller responsibility
Airspace Changes required
0
5
10
Alternate Design Matrix
Design 1Design 2Design 3Design 4
CONCLUSION UAS Integration specific to
the New York Terminal Area is possible with expected NextGen technology.
IFR traffic and controller workload will not be impacted with the addition of UAS in the proposed manner
VFR traffic will still be required to be in contact with air traffic control when in Class B airspace, will be vectored clear of UAS transit routes.
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