Initial Environmental Examination
Lalit Ghumti Road (Upgrading) August 2017
NEP: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project
Prepared by District Coordination Committee (Lalitpur)- Central Level Project Implementation Unit – Ministry of Federals Affairs and Local Development for the Asian Development Bank.
This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
Environmental Assessment Document
The views expressed herein are those of the consultant and do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s members, Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) Lalit Ghumti Road (Upgrading)
August 2017
NEP: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project Loan: 3260 Project Number: 49215-001
Prepared by the Government of Nepal for the Asian Development Bank (ADB).
This Report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page i
sfo{sf/L ;f/f+z
k|:tfjs
of] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg nlntk'/ lhNnfsf] uf]bfj/L gu/kflnsf–! -tTsflng uf]bfdrf}/ uf=lj=;_ sf] la;ªv'gf/fo0f :s"n b]lv uf]bfj/L gu/kflnsf–$ -tTsflng al8v]n uf=lj=;_ sf] n]n]e~HofË hf]8\g] !$=(*! ls=dL= nfdf] x/]s df};ddf rNg] ;8s k'glg{df0f tyf k'g{:yfkgf ug{ tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] . g]kfn ;/sf/, ;+l3o dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno, :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf s[lif ;8s ljefu (DoLIDAR) cGt/u{t Uf|fdL0f k'glg{df0f tyf k'g:yf{kgf cfof]hgf bf];|f] r/0fn] k|:tfljt pQm ;8ssf] k'glg{df0f tyf k'g:yf{kgf ug{ nfu]sf] xf] . pQm ;8ssf] sfo{Gjogsf] lhDd]jf/L lhNnfdf tTsflng lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, nlntk'/ -xfn lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, nlntk'/_ ePsf]n] nlnt 3'DtL ;8s -uf]bfdrf}/–uf]bfj/L–al8v]n–n]n]e~HofË ;8s v08_ pk–cfof]hgfsf] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0fsf] k|:tfjs klg tTsflng lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, nlntk'/ -xfn lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, nlntk'/_ xf] .
k[i7e"dL
xfn g]kfn ;/sf/sf] nfufgLdf u|fdL0f k'glg{df0f tyf k'g{:yfkgf cfof]hgf bf];|f] r/0f (RRRDSP) sof{Gjog e} /x]sf] 5 . h'g @)!# df u|fdL0f k'glg{df0f tyf k'g{:yfkgf cfof]hgf (RRRDSP) sf] bft[ lgsfosf] ;+nUgtfdf ;+rfngdf /x]sf] lyof] / o; sfo{s|dsf] ;kmntf kZrft\ bf]>f] r/0fsf] sfo{qmdsf] tof/Lsf] r/0f s|ddf of] k|:tfj tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . bf]>f] r/0fsf] sfo{s|d @) lhNnfnfO{ ;8s ;~hfn lj:tf/ ug{ pb]Zosf ;fy ;~rfng ul/g nfluPsf] 5 .
k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0fsf] cf}lrTo
jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, @)%# tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL, @)%$ -cg';"rL !_ cg';f/ lhNnf ;8ssf] lgdf{0f ug{ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f cfjZos /x]sf] 5 . of] cWoog k|ltj]bg g]kfn ;/sf/, ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yflgo ljsf; dGqfno sf] @)&!÷)!÷@( sf] ;rLj :t/Lo lg0f{o cg';f/ :jLs[t sfo{;"rL (ToR) sf] cfwf/df tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . sfo{;"rLdf o:sf] nDafO @% ls= dL= /x]sf] 5 h'g k|f/lDes ;j]{If0fsf] cfwf/df tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . t/ xfn !$=(*! ls=dL= ;8s dfq k'glg{df0f tyf k'g{:yfkgf x'g] ePsf]n] ;f]lx cg';f/ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg agfOPsf] 5 .
k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0fsf] p2]Zox?
k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg cWoogsf] d'Vo p2]Zo pkcfof]hgf If]qsf] ef}lts, h}ljs, ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0fdf kg]{ k|efjx? kQf nufpg'sf ;fy} :ynut jftfj/0fdf kg]{ gsf/fTds k|efjsf] Go"lgs/0fsf pkfox? / ;sf/fTds k|efj a9fpg] pkfox? af/] ;'emfj lbg' tyf jftfj/0fLo Aoa:yfkg of]hgf agfO{ sfof{Gjog u/fpg' /x]sf] 5 .
cWog k|s[of
@)&!÷)$÷#) b]lv ul/Psf] :ynut e|d0f tyf ;j]{If0fjf6 lnOPsf tYofÍ tyf cGo pknAw tYofÍx? s]nfP/ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L lgisif{ tyf ;'emfjx? lbOPsf 5g\ .
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page ii
k|:tfjsf] ;fGble{stf
Uf|fdL0f k'glg{df0f tyf k'g:yf{kgf cfof]hgf bf];|f] r/0f (RRRSDP) n] o; ;8ssf] lgdf{0f ug{ nfu]sf] xf] . o; ;8ssf] k'g{:yfkgf tyf k'glgdf{0f af6 nlntk'/ lhNnfsf] k"j{ / pQ/ efusf dflg;x?sf] lhNnf ;b/d'sfd tyf b]zsf cGo efu;Fu ef}lts tyf cfly{s kx'Frdf ;xh x'g hfg]5 .
cfof]hgfsf] ljBdfg jftfj/0fLo cj:yf
k|:tfljt nlnt 3'DtL ;8s -uf]bfdrf}/–uf]bfj/L–al8v]n–n]n]e~HofË ;8s v08_ x/]s df};ddf rNg] ;8ssf] ?kdf :t/f]Ggltsf] nflu k'g{:yfkgf tyf k'glgdf{0f ug{ k|:tfljt ul/Psf] 5 . ;8ssf] rf}8fO{ ^=@% ld= / hDdf nDafO{ !$=(*! ls=dL=Pj+ ;8s pk–cfof]hgfsf] s'n nfut g]=? $@$,(*(,#%$=)& /x]sf] 5 h;df OlGhlgol/ª nfut g]=? @**,&(),$*&=!) /x]sf] 5 .
of] ;8s ;d'b|L ;txb]lv !,$)# dL= sf] prfO{ -la;ªv'gf/fo0f :s"n_ af6 z'? eP/ ;dG'b|L ;txb]lv
!,%$) dL= prfOdf /x]sf] n]n]e~HofËdf 6+'luG5 . o; If]qsf] clwstd tfkqmd udL{ dlxgfdf @@=&º ;]
/ Go"gtd tfkqmd hf8f] dlxgfdf !!=&º ;]N;Lo; /x]sf] 5 eg] cf};t jflif{s jiff{ !@(%=^% ld=ld= /x]sf]
5 . of] ;8s lghL hUuf tyf ;fj{hlgs hUuf eP/ hfG5 . ;8s lgdf{0fjf6 @=## x] -gofF s6fg_ lghL hUuf af6 / $=#^ x] -gofF s6fg_ ;fj{hlgs hUufaf6 gf]S;fgL eO{ ;8sdf kl/alt{t x'g]5 .
cfof]hgf If]qsf] d'Vo ?v k|hfltx¿df pQL;, asfOgf], lkkn, cf]v/, kFo', c;f/] km"n, af;, enfof], lrnfpg], kmnf6, sfkmn, s6';, nK;L, cfFk, vGo', g;kftL, cf?, cu]/L, xf8L jo/ / ;Nnf /x]sf] 5 eg] :tg wf/L hgjf/x¿df :ofn, afb/, Gofp/L d';f cflb kfpF5g\ . k|:tfljt ;8s s'g} klg ;+/lIft If]q tyf dWojtL{ If]qdf leq gkg]{ b]lvG5 .
k|efljt uf]bfa/L gu/kflnsfdf % j6f j:tLx?df s'n hg;+Vof @),%#@ 3/ w'/Ldf $,&%& /x]sf] 5 . oL j:tLx? uf]bfdrf}/, laz+v'gf/fo0f, uf]bfa/L, lsltgL / al8v]n x'g\ . pQm uflj;df (,(** k'?if ;fIf/ 5g\ eg] !),%$$ dlxnf /x]sf] b]lvG5 h;df ;/b/ kl/jf/ ;+Vofsf] cg'kft $=#% /x]sf] kfOG5 . ljleGg hfthfltx? If]qL, afXd0f, tfdfªx? cflb a;f]af; /x]sf] kfOG5 .
;sf/fTds k|efjx?
oftfoft ;'ljwf ljsf;sf] ax'cfolds kmfObfx? /xg]5g\ . cfof]hgfaf6 tTsfn} x'g] nfedf :yfgLo hg;d'bfodf /f]huf/Lsf] >[hgf ub{5 . cfof]hgf ;~rfngsf] nflu !%,%@( hgf bIf / %#,*@@ hgf cbIf >dzlQmsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . o; r/0fdf x'g] cGo nfex/mdf Jofkf/sf] a[l4, pkcfof]hgfn] k|bfg u/]sf] zLkd'ns tyf hgr]tgfd'ns tflndsf] cj;/ kb{5g\ .
;8ssf] ;+rfngsf] cj:yfdf To; If]qdf vfBfgsf] cfk"lt{df ;'wf/ eO{ cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs :yfoLTj a9\g hfg]5 . ;fy} ;8s oftfoftn] ubf{ u|fdL0f e]ujf6 ahf/ If]q / ahf/ If]qjf6 u|fdL0f e]udf ;]jf tyf ;fdfgx?sf] cf];f/ k;f/ l56f], 5l/tf], ;'ne tyf ;:tf] x'g hfg]5 . uf]bfdrf}/ / al8v]n h:tf If]qdf ahf/ ljsf; eO{ oxfFsf afl;Gbfx?sf] hLjg :t/df ;'wf/ x'g hfg] ;Defjgf 5 . o;sf ;fy} ahf/ If]qsf] ljsf;n] ubf{ hUufsf] d"Nodf ;d]t j[l4 x'g hfg]5 .
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page iii
gsf/fTds k|efjx?
;8s lgdf{0f ubf{ ef}lts jftfj/0fdf kg]{ gsf/fTds k|efjx?df e":jfdLTjsf] k|of]udf jbnfj, r/0f, jfo' tyf kfgLdf k|b"if0f, vg]sf] df6f] hyfefjL kmflnbf kg]{ k|efjx? d'Vo 5g\ . o;} k|sf/ h}ljs k|efj cGtu{t yk )=$#* x]= jg gf]S;fgL x'g'sf] ;fy} jGohGt'sf] a;f]jf;df cK7\of/f] kg{ hfg]5 . o;sf ;fy} ;fd'bflos jg, wfld{s jg, /fli6«o jg af6 @!& / lghL hUufaf6 &^ u/L hDdf @(# ?v x6fOg]5g\ .
cfof]hgf lgdf{0f sfo{af6 !@$ j6f JolQmut k"jf{wf/ tyf ^ j6f ;fd'bflos k"jf{wf/ x6fpg' kg]{ b]lvG5 .
;8s ;~rfngsf] r/0fdf ;jf/L ;fwgsf] cfjudgaf6, jiff{ofdsf] kfgLaf6 jf ?v lj/mjf sf6\bf cl:y/tf a9\g uO{ e"Io x'g ;Sg]5 . ;jf/L ;fwgsf] a[l4n] w'nf] tyf WjgL k|b'if0f a9\g]5 .
;sf/fTds k|efj a9fpg] pkfo
7]s]bf/ / sfdbf/sf nflu ljleGg jftfj/0fLo tyf hgr]tgf d"ns tflndx? -cfo cfh{g, OlGhlgol/u+ ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f tyf h}ljs k|ljlwsf sfd ;DaGwL_ lbO{g] 5g\ . ;8s lgdf{0fsf s|ddf sDtLdf @)% dlxnf ;xeflutf u/fpg k|f]T;fxg ul/G5 .
gsf/fTds k|efj Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox?
le/fnf] hldgnfO Aoa:yfkg ug{ jfof]OlGhgLol/Ë -h}ljs_ k|ljlwsf] k|of]u ul/g] 5 / To;}u/L tf]lsPsf] :yfgdf df6f] kmfNg] sfd ul/g] 5 . 6]jf kvf{n nufO{ df6f] pTvgg\ / kmfNg] sfo{nfO Aoa:yfkg ul/g] 5 . ;8sdf k/]sf] hUuf tyf cGo ;+/rgf, ;Dkltsf] k|fKtL tyf Ifltk"lt{ ;DjlGw s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6\g 5'§} k'g{jf; of]hgf agfO{Psf] 5 . sfdbf/x?nfO{ sfdsf] k|s[lt cg';f/ ;'/Iffsf ;fwgx? -x]Nd]6, df:s, dkmN;_ lbO{g] 5 / sfdbf/sf] nflu vfg]kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ tyf c:yfO{ vfN6] rkL{ x? agfOg] 5g\ . ;fy]} kfgLsf] >f]tdf vlgPsf] df6f] kmflng] 5}g . sfdbf/x?sf] nflu cf}ifwL tyf b'3{6gf aLdfsf] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .
;8s lgdf{0fsf] nfuL jg If]q k|of]hg ug{ lhNnf jg sfof{no -lh=j=sf=_ af6 l:js[tL lng' kg]{ 5 . o;} k|sf/, ;fd'bflos jgnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ :j?k %,$@% ?vx? -!M@% sf] cg'kftdf_ j[Iff/f]k0f u/fpg / % aif{ ;Dd ;+/If0f ug{ ;xof]u -;fd'bflos jgnfO{ cg'dflgt nfut g]?= **(,(&!=)) ;fy} :yfgLo jfl;GbfnfO{ &^ ?vx? !M! sf] cg'kftdf -cg'dflgt nfut g]? %,!^)=$) j[Iff/f]k0f ug{ ;xof]u lbOg]5 . ;fd'bflos jgnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ j[Iff/f]k0f u/fpg / % aif{ ;Dd ;+/If0f ug{ ;xof]uj[Iff/f]k0f ug{ ;xof]u lbOg]5 .
o;} u/L JolQmut k"jf{wf/sf] Ifltk"lt :j?k g]? !*,*^!,*%@=%& tyf ;fd'bflos k"jf{wf/sf] Ifltk"lt :j?k g]? ^,((#,&$!=*( lbOg]5 .
;fj{hlgs k/fdz{ tyf ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs ug]{
k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg tof/Lsf] nflu jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0f P]g @)%#, jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0f lgodfjnL @)%$ sf] cg';f/ !% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;'rgf cfly{s cleofg b}lgsdf lj=;+= @)&!. )#. @% df k|sflzt u/L ;DalGwt uf= la= ;=, gu/kflnsf, lh=j=sf=, tTsflng lh=lj=;=, ljBfno, :jf:y rf}sL tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf AolQm jf ;+:yfx?af6 /fo ;'´fa ;+sngsf] nfuL k|sfzLt u/l/Psf] lyof] . k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f agfpg] ;dodf ;8s lgdf{0f glhssf j:tLx?df, lzIfs tyf cGo
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page iv
:yfgLo AolStx?;Fu k|:tfjLt pkcfof]hgfaf6 kg{ hfg] ;sf/fTds tyf gsf/fTds c;/ jf/] hfgsf/L u/fpg ;fj{hlgs 5nkmn u/LPsf] lyof] .
o;}sf] cfwf/df k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg ;lxt g]kfnL sfo{sf/L ;f/f+z, ;sf/fTds k|efj a9fpg] pkfox? tyf gs/fTds k|efj Go'gLs/0f pkfox? / jftfj/0fLo Aoj:yfkg of]hgf ;dfj]z u/L /fo ;'´fjsf] nfuL ;fj{hlgs ul/of] . o;}u/L ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yflgo ljsf; dGqfnoaf6 cfPsf] /fo ;'´fj ;dfj]z u/L k|fl/Des jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg :jLs[tLsf] nfuL k7fOPsf] 5 . l:js[t k|ltj]bg ;/f]sf/jfnf / cGo AolQm jf ;+:yfx?sf] kx'rsf] nfuL nlntk'/ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldtLsf] ;'rgf s]Gb|, ;+l3o dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno, :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf s[lif ;8s ljefu (DoLIDAR) / Uf|fdL0f k'glg{df0f tyf k'g:yf{kgf cfof]hgf (RRRSDP) sf] j]e;fO6df /flvg]5 .
jftfj/0fLo Aoa:yfkg of]hgf (Environmental Management Plan)
o; k|ltj]bgdf jftfj/0fLo Aoa:yfkg of]hgf cGtu{t cfof]hgfaf6 kg]{ ;+efljt c;/x?, c;/x?sf] k|efj, Go"lgs/0f ljlw, cg'udg ljlw tyf sfo{tflnsf k|:tfljt ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} Go'lgs/0fsf pkfox?sf] tyf cg'udg sfo{sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ lhDd]jf/ lgsfox?sf] klg klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 . cg'udgsf nflu cfjZos ef}lts, h}ljs, ;fdflhs–cfly{s tyf ;fF:s[lts jftfj/0fsf ljleGGf cg'udg ;'rfÍx?sf] klg klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 . ;d:6Lut ?kdf cfof]hgf :t/sf] cg'udg /fli6«o k'glgdf{0f k|flws/0f, dGqfnosf] jftfj/0fLo Aoa:yfkg zfvfaf6 x'g]5 eg] pkcfof]hgf :t/sf] cg'udg k|To]s lhNnf :t/Lo sfo{Gjog zfvfdf /x]sf] jftfj/0fLo ;'/Iff sIf (Environmental Safeguard Desk) af6 x'g]5 . jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg of]hgf sfo{fGjog ug{ hDdf g]=? !^!,*#*,&#*=@( vr{ x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . h;dWo] ? !^),!)#,^)^=%$ l;len nfutdf ;dfj]z ul/;lsPsf] 5 .
lgisif{ tyf ;'emfjx?
nlnt 3'DtL ;8s -uf]bfdrf}/–uf]bfj/L–al8v]n–n]n]e~HofË ;8s v08_ pk–cfof]hgfsf] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bgn] ;sf/fTds k|efjx? gsf/fTds k|efjsf] t'ngfdf j9L dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf] / nfdf] ;do;Dd /xg] / gsf/fTds k|efjx? Go"lgs/0f ug{ ;lsg] s'/f b]vfpF5 . of] ;8s pkcfof]hgfsf] l:js[ltsf] nflu k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f kof{Kt /x]sf] 5 . k|efjx?sf] Go"lgs/0f / ;+nUg jftfj/0fLo Aoa:yfkg of]hgf sfof{Gjog u/L k|:tfljt pkcfof]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ul/G5 .
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page v
Executive Summary (English)
Proponent
This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report has been prepared for the rehabilitation
and reconstruction of 14.981 km long all weather district road connecting of
Bisankhunarayan School of Godavari Municipality-1 (then Godamchaur VDC) and
Lelebhanjyang of Godavari Municipality-4 (then Badikhel VDC) in Lalitur district. Rural
Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program, (RRRSDP) under Ministry
of Federal Affairs and Local Development, Department of Local Infrastructure Development
and Agricultural Roads (DoLIDAR) is rehabilitating and reconstructing this road. The
District Coordination Committee (DCC), then DDC is the implementing agency at the district
level and the proponent of the IEE study for the Lalit Ghumti Road (Godamchaur - Godavari
- Badikhel - Lelebhanjyang road section) sub-project.
Background
The Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program, (RRRSDP)
phase 2 is a proposed follow-on program of previous RRRSDP under government of Nepal,
the donor funded activities of which was successfully completed in June 2013. Having
rewarding achievements, the Government of Nepal is planning to carry over the program
into another phase. 2nd phase was conducted for extending the road facility to 20 districts.
Rationale of the IEE
An IEE is a legal requirement as per the provision of Schedule 1 of Environment Protection
Rules (EPR) and of Environment Protection Acts (EPA). This IEE report is prepared based
on the Terms of Reference (ToR) approved on 12/05/2014A.D by the Secretary level
decision of the Ministry of Federal Affairs & Local Development (MoFALD). The Length of
Road in approved ToR was 25 km on the basis of initial survey. However, the implementing
lengh of road is14.981 and IEE report has been prepared accordinlgy. Thus, final IEE report
was submitted to Ministry of Federal Affairs & Local Development (MoFALD) for approval.
Objectives of the IEE study
The main objective of the IEE study is to identify the impacts of physical, biological, socio-
economic and cultural environment of the sub-project area. It also recommend practical and
site specific environmental mitigation and enhancement measures, prepare and implement
environmental management plan for the sub-project.
Study Methodology
The findings and conclusions of the initial environmental examination report are based on
the analysis of the information collected in the field from 15-August-2014 AD by undertaking
a walk-through environmental survey along the proposed route and secondary information
supplemented by the social and technical teams working on the resettlement survey and
detail survey.
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page vi
Relevancy of the Proposal
The proposed road is under construction of RRRSDP phase II. The reconstruction and
rehabilitation of this road will provide physical and economical accesses to the people of
north and east part to district headquarters and other parts of the country.
Description of the Project and its Environment
The proposed Lalit Ghumti Road (Godamchaur - Godavari - Badikhel - Lelebhanjyang road
section) is a district road and has been proposed for rehabilitation and reconstruction of all
time weather road. The road formation width is 6.25 m and total length of this road is
14.981 km with total project work cost is NRs. 424,989,354.07 of which NRs
288,790,487.10 is civil cost.
The elevation of road ranges from 1,403 masl at (Bisankhunarayan School) to 1,540 masl
at Lelebhanjyang. This sub-project has maximum summer temperature is 22.70C and
minimumwinter temperature 11.70C respectively. The average annual rainfall in the district
is 1,295.65 mm. The road passes through private and public land area. From the private
land 2.33 ha (new cutting) and 4.36 ha (new cutting) public land will be converted to the
road built up area.
The major tree vegetation in the project vicinity are Uttis (Alnus nepalensis), Bakaino (Melia
azaderach), Peepal (Ficus religiosa), Okhar (Juglans regia), Painu ((Prunus cerasoides),
Aasare phool (Lagerstroemiasps.), Bamboo (Bambusa sps), Bhalayo, Chilaune (Schima
wallichii), Phalat (Quercus lineate), Kafal (Myrica esculanta), Katus (Castanopsis indica),
Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris), Mango (Magnifera Indica) Kainyu (Wendlandia puberula),
Naspati (Pyrus communis), Aaru (Prunus persica), Aangari (Melastoma melabathricum),
Hadibayer (Zizyphus incurva, Salla (Pinus roxburghii) etc. Jackal (Canis aureus), Rhesus
Monkey (Macaca mulatta), Nyauri Musa (Herpestes edwardsii) are the wild animals
reported in the proposed road area. The road does not fall under any protected or buffer
zone area.
The total populations residing in the 5 project VDCs are 20,532 in 4,757 Households. The
settlements are Godamchaur, Bisankhunarayan, Godavari, Kitini and Badikhel. In these
VDCs, male population is 9,988 and female population is 10,544 with an average
household size of 4.35. Different caste like Chhetri, Brahmin, Tamang resides in this sub
project.
Beneficial Impacts
Transporatation facility benefits local people in various aspects. The immediate beneficial
impacts from road development during the construction phase are employment opportunity
(15,529 skilled and 53,822 unskilled person days). Other beneficial impacts include
enhancement of local business, development in skills of affected people from skill
developing training, awareness raising training and involvement in the construction of the
project.
During operation stage, an improved road access will bring an improvement of food security
situation and overall economic and social stability. The road will also provide cheap, safe
and fast transport of goods and services from rural areas to urban centers and vice versa.
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page vii
There is a possibility of increased economic opportunities and significant growth and
extension of the local markets like Godamchaur, Badikhel. In addition, construction of road
will lead to appreciation of land values particularly near the market and settlement areas.
Adverse Impacts
The physical adverse impacts during construction of the road will be due to change in land
ownership, air, dust and water pollution and hapzard spoil disposal. Similarly, biological
impacts during construction will be loss of additional 0.438 ha forest area and disturbance
to wildlife and bird habitat. Total of 293 trees, 217 from CFs, NF and RF and 76 trees from
private land will be cleared.
During the construction of sub-project, 124 private infrastructures and 6 public
infrastructures need to be removed.
During operation stage, vehicular movement, monsoon rain, grazing of animals and cutting
of trees on the unstable slopes might result in slope instability and hence erosion and
landslides might occur. Vehicular emissions will result in air and noise pollution.
Benefit Augmentation Measures
Life skill training such as income generation activities, construction of soft engineering
structures and bioengineering works for workers and contractors will be conducted.
Awareness rising and environmental awareness trainings will be provided. More emphasis
will be given to women workers as at least 20% workers should be women.
Mitigation Measures
Bioengineering will be done to stabilize slopes and spoils will be disposed in identified spoil
disposal sites. There is provision of toe walls for balancing cut and fill volume. for the
private infrastructures compensation of NRs 18,861,852.57 and for the public
infrastructures compensation of NRs 6,993,741.89 will be provided however a separate
Resettlement Plan (RP) has been prepared to address land and property acquisition as well
as compensation issues. The construction of road will be based on Contract. Affected
families will be given high priority for employment and skill development trainings. The
workers will be provided with helmets, masks, muffles depending on the nature of the
construction work. Drinking water facility and temporary pit latrine will be constructed and
disposal of excavated materials in the water bodies will be avoided. Workers will be
provided with medicines and group accidental insurance facility.
Forestry clearance approval will be obtained from the District Forest Office (DFO) in order
to fell tree from the construction site. CFUGs will be provided support through DFO for the
compensatory plantation of 5,425 seedlings at the ratio of 1:25 compensation trees) and
protection for 5 years (with estimated cost of NRs 889,971.00) in their CFs, RF and NF.
Similarly, plantation of 76 trees (estimated cost is NRs 5,160.40) will be done in private
lands (at the ratio of 1:1).
During operation stage, minor landslide and mass wasting will be immediately cleared and
slope restored with appropriate technology. Appropriate sign boards will be erected
informing drivers about prohibition of blowing horns in the forest areas and potential areas
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page viii
for wildlife crossing. For developing managed settlement, awareness programs will be
conducted. Appropriate road safety measures will be applied.
Public Consultation and Information Disclosure
In order to prepare the IEE of Lalit Ghumti Road (Godamchaur - Godavari - Badikhel -
Lelebhanjyang road section) sub-project, 15 days public notice was published on
09/07/2014 A.D in Arthik Abhiyan daily newspaper seeking written opinions from concerned
Municipality (then VDCs), DCC (then DDC), DFO, CFUGs, schools, health posts and
related local organizations. Public consultation was done with the local people living near
the road, teachers and local leaders during the preparation of IEE report. Similarly,
meetings were held with the local community in order to aware them of incoming road sub-
project and to identify the possible beneficial and adverse impacts due to this sub-project.
IEE report along with executive summary, identified impacts, recommended benefit
augmentation and mitigation measures and EMP was prepared in Nepali language for
public disclosure. Likewise, after the incorporation of comments from MoFALD, final IEE
report has been sent for approval. The approved IEE report will be accessible to interested
parties and the general public through the information center of Lalitpur DCC and websites
of MoFALD and RRRSDP.
Environmental Management Plan
An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been proposed with present report
including issues identified, possible effects and impacts, measures for their mitigation and
monitoring method and schedule. Different monitoring indicators on physical, biological,
socio-economic and cultural environment have also identified. Overall project level
monitoring will be conducted through the environmental management section (EMS) of
MoFALD whereas the sub-project level monitoring will be arranged through safeguard desk
in each DTO. For theimplementation of EMP, total amount of NRS 161,838,738.29 has
been proposed. Out of which NRs 160,103,606.54 has been included in civil work cost
already.
Conclusion and Recommendation
The IEE study of the proposed Lalit Ghumti Road (Godamchaur - Godavari - Badikhel -
Lelebhanjyang road section) sub-project reveals that the benefits from the implementation
of the proposed road project are more significant and long term in nature against the
adverse impacts most of which could be mitigated or avoided. Therefore, this IEE is
sufficient for approval of the proposed road sub-project. This sub-project is recommended
for the implementation with the incorporation of mitigation measures and environmental
management.
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page ix
ABBREVIATIONS
AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
AP Affected Person
CBS Central Bureau of Statistics
CDC Compensation Determination Committee
CDO Chief District Officer
CF Community Forest
CFUG Community Forest Users Group
Ch Chainage
CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild
Fauna and Flora
CR Critically Endangered
dB (A) Decibel (A)
DIA Direct Impact Area
DFO District Forest Office/Officer
DoLIDAR Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads
DOR Department of Road
DPR Detail Project Report
DRCN District Road Core Network
DTO District Technical Office
DoLIDAR Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Road
DTICC District Transport Infrastructure Coordination Committee
EA Executing Agency
EFLG Environment Friendly Local Government Framework
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMG Environmental Management Guidelines
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EMS Environment Management Setion
EN Endangered
EPA Environment Protection Act
EPR Environment Protection Rules
ERMC Environment and Resource Management Centre
ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework
FGD Focus Group Discussion
GESI Gender Equality and Social Inclusion
GHG Green House Gases
GO/NGO Governmental Organization/ Non-Governmental Organization
GoN Government of Nepal
Ha Hectare
Hh Household
GIS Geographical Information System
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
IEE Initial Environmental Examination
IIA Indirect Impact Area
ILO International Labour Organization
IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature
KII Key Informants Interview
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page x
LAC Local Area Committee
LC Least Concern
LDO Local Development Officer
LR/nt Lower Risk/Near Threatened
MoFALD Ministry of Federal Affairs & Local Development
MoFSC Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation
MoPE Ministry of Population and Environment
NAPA National Adaptation Program of Action
NCB National Competitive Bidding
NRs Nepali Rupees
NTFPs Non Timber Forest Products
PCU Project Coordination Unit
RoW Right of Way
RRRSDP Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program
RP Resettlement Plan
ToR Terms of Reference
VDC Village Development Committee
ZoI Zone of Influence
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page xi
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Name and Address of Proponent........................................................................... 1
1.2 The Consultant ...................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Background ........................................................................................................... 1
1.4 Rationality of Conducting IEE Study ...................................................................... 2
1.5 Objectives of the IEE ............................................................................................. 2
2. Nepal’s Legal Framework and Regulatory Requirements for the Project .............. 4
3. Methodology Adopted ............................................................................................... 9
3.1 Desk Review ....................................................................................................... 10
3.1.1 Collection and Review of Secondary Sources of Information from Various
Sources 10
3.2 Project Area Delineation ...................................................................................... 10
3.3 Field Survey ........................................................................................................ 10
3.3.1 Initial Interaction and Consultation with the Local Community ...................... 11
3.3.2 Public Consultation ....................................................................................... 11
3.4 Compilation of Existing Information, Impact Identification and Prediction ............. 12
3.5 Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Plan ............................................................ 13
3.6 Information Disclosure ......................................................................................... 13
4. Description of the Project ....................................................................................... 14
4.1 Relevancy of the Sub-project ............................................................................... 14
4.2 Location and Access ........................................................................................... 14
4.3 Salient Features of the Project ............................................................................ 17
4.4 Components and Activities .................................................................................. 18
4.4.1 Construction Approach ................................................................................. 18
4.4.2 Construction Materials Required .................................................................. 19
4.5 Implementation Schedule .................................................................................... 19
4.6 Human Resource ................................................................................................ 19
4.7 Land Requirement ............................................................................................... 19
4.8 Cost ..................................................................................................................... 20
5. Description of the Existing Environment ............................................................... 21
5.1 Physical Environment .......................................................................................... 21
5.1.1 Topography .................................................................................................. 21
5.1.2 Land Use ...................................................................................................... 22
5.1.3 Geology and Soil .......................................................................................... 22
5.1.4 Climate and Meteorology .............................................................................. 25
5.1.5 Air, Water and Noise quality ......................................................................... 25
5.2 Drainage and Hydrology ...................................................................................... 26
5.3 Stability and Landslides ....................................................................................... 26
5.3.1 Seismicity ..................................................................................................... 27
5.4 Biological Environment ........................................................................................ 27
5.4.1 Vegetation and Forest .................................................................................. 27
5.4.2 Faunal Diversity ............................................................................................ 29
5.4.3 Endangered/Threatened/Rare/Indigenous Species ...................................... 29
5.4.4 Agro Diversity ............................................................................................... 30
5.5 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment .......................................................... 30
5.5.1 District Context ............................................................................................. 30
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page xii
5.5.2 Demographic Characteristics ........................................................................ 31
5.5.3 Caste Ethnicity ............................................................................................. 32
5.5.4 Mother Tongue ............................................................................................. 33
5.5.5 Literacy Status.............................................................................................. 33
5.5.6 Energy Usage .............................................................................................. 34
5.5.7 Drinking Water.............................................................................................. 35
5.5.8 Toilet ............................................................................................................ 35
5.5.9 Socio-economic Profile of the Project Affected Households ......................... 36
5.6 Status due to Earthquake .................................................................................... 37
6. Anticipated Environmental Impacts ....................................................................... 39
6.1 Beneficial Impact ................................................................................................. 39
6.1.1 Socio-economic and Cultural Issues ............................................................. 39
6.2 Adverse Impacts .................................................................................................. 42
6.2.1 Socio-economic and Cultural Impacts .......................................................... 42
6.2.2 Physical Issues............................................................................................. 46
6.2.3 Biological Issues ........................................................................................... 49
7. Alternative Analysis ................................................................................................. 51
7.1 No Action Option ................................................................................................. 51
7.2 Proposal Alternatives ........................................................................................... 51
7.3 Alternative Design and Construction Approach .................................................... 51
7.4 Alternative Schedule............................................................................................ 51
7.5 Alternative Resources ......................................................................................... 52
7.6 No Forest Alternative ........................................................................................... 52
8. Benefit Augmentation and Mitigation Measure ...................................................... 53
8.1 Mitigation Measures during Pre-construction Phase ............................................ 53
8.1.1 Detailed Survey and Design ......................................................................... 53
8.2 Benefit Augmentation Measures .......................................................................... 53
8.2.1 Socio-economic and Cultural Issues ............................................................. 53
8.3 Adverse Issues/Impacts Mitigation Measures ...................................................... 55
8.3.1 Socio-economic and Cultural Impacts Mitigation Measures .......................... 55
8.3.2 Physical Issues............................................................................................. 58
8.3.3 Biological Issues ........................................................................................... 60
9. Environmental Management Plan ........................................................................... 62
9.1 Institutions and Their Roles ................................................................................. 62
9.2 Implementation of benefit augmentation and mitigation measures....................... 64
9.3 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Activities .............................................. 74
9.4 Matters to be Monitored while Implementing the Proposal ................................... 74
9.4.1 Baseline Monitoring ...................................................................................... 75
9.4.2 Compliance Monitoring ................................................................................. 75
9.4.3 Impact Monitoring ......................................................................................... 75
9.4.4 Monitoring Parameters ................................................................................. 76
9.4.5 Monitoring Indicators .................................................................................... 77
9.5 Monitoring Indicators ........................................................................................... 77
9.5.1 Monitoring Activities and Methods ................................................................ 78
9.6 Summary Cost for Environment Mitigation Cost .................................................. 84
10. Conclusion and Recommendation ......................................................................... 86
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page xiii
List of Tables
Table 1: Restructuring of Affected VDC of Lalitpur District ................................................... 2
Table 2: Review of Environmental Acts, Regulations and Guidelines .................................. 4
Table 3: Categories of Several Project Affected Areas ...................................................... 10
Table 4: Summary of Meeting Minutes .............................................................................. 11
Table 5: Salient Feature of the Sub-project........................................................................ 17
Table 6: Sub-project Implementation Schedule ................................................................. 19
Table 7: Soil Classification ................................................................................................. 25
Table 8: Temperature, Rainfall and Humidity Data of Khokana Station, Lalitpur (2010) ..... 25
Table 9: Yearly Rainfall of Godavari Station, Lalitpur (2010) .............................................. 25
Table 10: Slope Condition and Aspect throughout the Sub-project .................................... 27
Table 11 : Forest along the Road ...................................................................................... 28
Table 12: Presence of Faunal species In and Around the Proposed Site ........................... 29
Table 13: List of Endangered/Threatened/Rare/Indigenous Species ................................. 29
Table 14: Vegetables, Fruits and Cereal Crops in the Area ............................................... 30
Table 15: Demographic Characteristics of then Project VDCs ........................................... 31
Table 16: Demographic Characteristics of then Project VDCs ........................................... 31
Table 17: Caste/Ethnic Composition – Project District and then Project VDCs .................. 32
Table 18: Mother Tongue Composition of then Project VDCs ............................................ 33
Table 19: Literacy Rate of then Project VDCs ................................................................... 33
Table 20: Population Years of Age 5-25 and Over By Status of School Attendance in the
Project VDCs ..................................................................................................................... 34
Table 21: Energy Usage – then Project VDCs ................................................................... 34
Table 22: Energy Usage – then Project VDCs ................................................................... 35
Table 23: Water Supply Sources of then Project VDCs ..................................................... 35
Table 24: Toilet Facilities - Project VDCs ........................................................................... 36
Table 25 : Summary of Affected Households by the Sub-project ....................................... 36
Table 26: Institutions and Their Roles ................................................................................ 62
Table 27: Likely Beneficial Impacts and Proposed Enhancement Measures .................... 64
Table 28: Adverse Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures ........................................ 66
Table 29: Selected Monitoring Indicators for this IEE Study ............................................... 77
Table 30: Compliance Monitoring for the proposed project ................................................ 79
Table 31: Impacts/ Effects Monitoring for the Proposed Project ........................................ 81
Table 32 : Environmental Monitoring Cost ......................................................................... 84
Table 33: Cost Estimate for Environmental Enhancement and Mitigation Measures .......... 84
List of Figures
Figure 1: Study Approach & Design ..................................................................................... 9
Figure 2: Location Map of Project Site……………..………………………………………….. .15
Figure 3: Topographic Map of Project Site ......................................................................... 16
Figure 4: Google Location Map .......................................................................................... 17
Figure 5: Hillshade Map of Project Area ............................................................................ 21
Figure 6: Land use Map of the Proposed Road within 100m from Centerline ..................... 22
Figure 7: Regional Geological Map of Chandragiri Area (DMG, 1987) ............................... 23
Figure 8: Stereographic Projection of the Rock Mass along Road Section......................... 24
Figure 9: Drainage Map of the Project Area ....................................................................... 26
Figure 10: Earthquake Affected Districts ............................................................................ 37
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page xiv
Figure 11: Earthquake affected water sources ................................................................... 38
Figure 12: Earthquake affected Toilet facilities .................................................................. 38
Figure 13: Environnemental Management Organisation Structure ..................................... 63
Annexes
Annex I: Approved ToR for IEE Study ................................................................................ 88
Annex II : Project Cost ..................................................................................................... 133
Annex III: Public Notice.................................................................................................... 143
Annex IV : Deed of Inquiry (Muchulka) ............................................................................ 145
Annex V : Recommendation Letter .................................................................................. 156
Annex VI: Meeting Minutes with Local People ................................................................. 166
Annex VII: Trees to be Cut down ..................................................................................... 169
Annex VIII : Details on Structure Compensation Estimation ............................................. 197
Annex IX: Photographs .................................................................................................... 201
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 1
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Name and Address of Proponent
1. This IEE Report has been prepared for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of
14.981 km long district road, connecting Bishankhunarayan School of then Godamchaur
VDC (Godavari Municipality-1) with Lelebhanjyang of then Badikhel VDC (Godavari
Municipality-4) in Lalitpur District.
2. The District Coordination Committee (DCC), Lalitpur is the implementing agency at
the district level under upcoming Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector
Development Program, Phase-2 (RRRSDP-2), which is the follow-on of RRRSDP-1 and the
proponent of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study for the rehabilitation and
reconstruction of road sub-project.
Address:
District Coordination Committee, Lalitpur
Phone: 01-5533638, 5548297, 5553747, 5541374
Email: [email protected]
Fax: 01-5533215
Website: http://www.ddclalitpur.gov.np/
3. DoLIDAR, being the executing agency of RRRSDP is facilitating the Initial
Environmental Examination (IEE) study of the Lalit Ghumti Road (Godamchaur - Godavari -
Badikhel - Lelebhanjyang road section) in Lalitpur district. The RRRSDP is handled by the
Project Coordination Unit of DoLIDAR, the physical address of which is as follows.
Project Coordination Unit (PCU)
Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program -2 (RRRSDP-2)
Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads (DoLIDAR)
Shreemahal, Pulchowk, Lalitpur.
Phone: 01-5530685;
Email: [email protected]
1.2 The Consultant
4. The consultant for Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study of this project is
Environment and Resource Management Center (ERMC) Pvt. Ltd. The address of
consulting firm is as following.
Environment & Resource Management Center (ERMC) (P.) Ltd.
New Baneshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal
P. O. Box: 12419, Kathmandu
Tel.: 977-01-4483064, 4465863, Fax: 977-01-4479361
Email: [email protected], Web: www.ermcnepal.com
1.3 Background
5. The economic upliftment of the Nepalese people is largely determined by the
expansion and improvement of rural road networks, which serves as bridge between the
developmental needs and livelihood improvement of rural people. As per the National
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 2
Population Census of 2012, 83% of the total population resides in rural areas, with large
proportion deprived from basic developmental needs (CBS 2012). Hence, planning and
implementation of rural roads are very crucial for both upliftment of life standard of the rural
people and achievement of developmental goals of the country. Moreover, due to the high
fragility of the country’s geography and diverse bio-physical environment, planning and
implementation of infrastructure development is particularly sensitive as it might hamper the
crucial environmental system, upon which livelihood of the people and existence of overall
biological diversity is dependent. Hence, mitigation of adverse environmental impact, social
safeguard and economic development should be incorporated in the implementation of
infrastructure development program. The track was opened by then DCC.
6. The Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program,
(RRRSDP) phase 2 is a proposed follow-on program of previous RRRSDP, the donor
funded activities of which was successfully completed in June 2013. Having implemented
more than 97% of the total program with many valuable significance and rewarding
achievements, the Government of Nepal is planning to carry over the program into its
another phase.
7. The project affected VDC has been restructured.The project affected wards from 1-9
of Godamchaur VDC has been restructured as Godavari Municipality-1. Wards from 1-9 of
Bisankhunarayan VDC has been restructured as Godavari Municipality-2. Wards from 1-9
of Godavari VDC has been restructured as Godavari Municipality-3 and Wards from 1-9 of
Badikhel VDC has been restructured as Godavari Municipality-4. Detail is given in Table 1
below.
Table 1: Restructuring of Affected VDC of Lalitpur District
VDC Mentioned in Report Ward of then VDC Current Reformation
Godamchaur VDC 1-9 Godavari Municipality-1
Bisankhunarayan VDC 1-9 Godavari Municipality-2
Godavari VDC 1-9 Godavari Municipality-3
Badikhel VDC 1-9 Godavari Municipality-4
1.4 Rationality of Conducting IEE Study
8. In order to assess the environmental issues of the proposed Lalit Ghumti Road
(Godamchaur - Godavari - Badikhel - Lelebhanjyang road section) IEE report is the
fundamental requirement to suggest appropriate site specific and practical mitigation
measures. At present narrow earthen track exists and this has been proposed to upgrade
as gravel road with extensive improvement of horizontal and vertical alignment. An IEE is a
legal requirement as per the provision of Schedule 1, Road sector, related to Rule 3
Environmental Protection Rules (EPR) and pertaining to article 3 of EPA and its further
requires to get approval from the concern ministry. (Annex I).
1.5 Objectives of the IEE
9. The main objective of the IEE study is to identify the impacts of physical, biological,
socio-economic and cultural environment of the sub-project area. The specific objectives of
the proposed IEE study include to:
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 3
Identify the major issues that may arise as a result of proposed works on bio-physical,
socio-economic and cultural environment of the project area,
To recommend practical and site specific environmental mitigation and enhancement
measures, prepare and implement environmental monitoring plan for the sub-project,
Provide information on the general environmental setting of Lalit Ghumti Road
(Godamchaur - Godavari - Badikhel - Lelebhanjyang road section) area as baseline
data.
Make sure that IEE is sufficient for the proposed road sub project.
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 4
2. NEPAL’S LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND REGULATORY
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PROJECT
10. In Nepal, various legal instruments are in place to ensure the integration of
environmental aspects in development proposals. This IEE reviewed the following
legislative provisions and environmental guidelines to ensure compliance of the project,
refer Table 2.
Table 2: Review of Environmental Acts, Regulations and Guidelines
A Constitution
The Constitution of Nepal: It has guaranteed every person the right to live in a clean
environment as a fundamental right. As per the constitution, it is also a matter of State
policy to adopt appropriate measures to abolish or mitigate existing or possible
adverse environmental impacts on the nature, environment or biological diversity.
B Plans and Policies
National Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Policy, 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D.): It has
identified restoration and improvement of access to service and improve
environmental resilience as one of its strategic recovery objectives.
Forest Policy, 2071 B.S. (2015 A.D.): Plantation is mandatory for environmental
friendly physical infrastructure development along settlement area, road and irrigation
canal.
Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy, 2071 B.S (2014 A.D.):
This policy has been formulated to strengthen socioeconomic conidition of project
affected families with the provision of necessary land acquisition, justifiable
compensation, appropriate resettlement and rehabilitation for the public welfare and
implementation of infrastructure development projects.
Three Years Interim Plan, 2070/71-2072/73 B.S. (2013/14-2015/16 A.D.): Identified
the importance of road sector in promoting national unification, socio-economic
development and regional balance contributing to overall development of the country
and also in promoting the access to service and facilities. It aims to achieve
sustainable, broad-based, inclusive economic growth. The plan also addresses
climate change adaptation and mitigation and overall environmental protection.
20 Year Road Plan, 2059 –2079 B.S. (2002-2022 A.D.): With main objectives of
development of Strategic Road Networks (SRN), the implementation strategies
include all weather road connection to the District Headquarters (DHQ) and provision
of road linkages from the DHQ to the adjacent road network of the neighboring
districts and countries
Policy Document, Environmental Assessment in the Road Sector of Nepal, 2056
B.S. (2000 A.D.): It proposes to adopt measures to improve the way of life of the
affected people and safeguard natural surroundings. In case damage is inevitable
environmental assessment should find ways of reducing or compensating for such
damage. It suggested five types of environmental assessment activities like
Screening, IEE, EIA and Monitoring.
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 5
National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, 2014-2020 FY: It is prepared to
provide guiding framework for the management of Nepal’s biodiversity. It has focused on national needs of biodiversity management and conservation, fulfillment of the
international obligations, sustainable use of its components and equitable sharing of
benefits accrued from conservation and utilization of genetic resources. It has a long
term (i.e. 35 years) vision, and includes specific short term (up to 2020) strategies and
priorities for action.
C Acts
Environmental Protection Act, 2053 B.S (1997 A.D.): Any development project,
before implementation, to pass through environmental assessment, which may be
either IEE or an EIA depending upon the location, type and size of the projects.
Solid Waste Management Act, 2068 B.S. (2011 A.D.): It outlines the duties of local
government to take action to control haphazard waste generation, disposal or
collection and has provisions for various punitive measures against those engaged in
activities detrimental to the intentions of the Act.
Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2057 B.S. (2000 A.D.): Engaging
children including those who has not attained the age of 14 in risky activities against
his/her will by any means is prohibited. In case any enterprise has to engage a child in
works, an approval has to be obtained from concerned body.
Local Self Governance Act 2055 B.S. (1999 A.D.): Empowers the local bodies for
the conservation of soil, forest and other natural resources and implements
environmental conservation activities
Forest Act, 2049 B.S. (1993 A.D.): Requires decision makers to take account of all
forest values, including environmental services and biodiversity, not just the
production of timber and other commodities.
Water Resources Act, 2049 B.S. (1992 A.D.): It has legal arrangements for
determining beneficial uses of water resources, preventing environment and other
hazardous effects thereof and also keeping water resources free from pollution. It has
clearly mentioned that no one shall pollute water resource by way of using or putting
any litter, industrial wastes, poison, chemical or toxicant to the effect that the pollution
tolerance limit of the water resource as prescribed.
The Labor Act, 2048 B.S. (1992 A.D.): Regulates the working environment, deals
with occupational health and safety.
Soil and Watershed Conservation Act (SWCA), 2039 B.S. (1982 A.D.); It
empowers GoN to declare any area of Nepal as a conserved watershed area,
specifying the borders thereof. The Watershed Conservation Officer (WCO) has the
authority to implement protective infrastructure, vegetation program and regulate
agricultural practices pertinent to soil and watershed conservation. It empowers WCO
to prohibit the commission of any acts that may cause soil-erosion or soil cutting in a
land where any of the acts has been done
Public Roads Act, 2031 B.S. (1974 A.D.): Act mandates requirement of permission
from the DoR to carry out activities within the limits of the road boundaries and also
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 6
provision of notifying the DoR by local governmental offices prior to the start of
activities in the limits of the public roads.
National Park and Wildlife Conservation Act, 2029 B.S. (1972 A.D.): This act
provides protection to 27 species of mammals, 9 species of birds and three species of
reptiles.
D Rules and Regulations
Environmental Protection Rules 2054 B.S (1997 A.D.): Obliges the proponent to
inform the public on the contents of the proposal in order to ensure the participation of
stakeholders.
Local Self Governance Rules 2056 B.S. (2000 A.D.): It provides procedural
guidelines for implementation of the Local Self Governance Act.
Forest Rules, 2051 B.S. (1995 A.D.): It elaborates legal measures for the
conservation of forests and wildlife and provides procedural guidelines for
implementation of the Forest Act. It stipulates that in case the execution of any project
having national priority in any forest area causes any loss or harm to any local
individual or community, the proponent of the project itself shall bear the amount of
compensation to be paid.
E Work Procedures, Guidelines, Standards and others
Local Body Restructuring Notice, MoFALD, GON, 2017 A.D: Declaration of the
name, number, boundary, ward’s boundary of 744 rural municipality and municipality with 481 rural municipalities, 246 municipalities, 13 sub-metropolitan cities, 4
metropolitan cities and dissolve of VDC/DDC.
Working Procedure to Use National Forest area for National Priority Projects,
2074 B.S. (2017 A.D.): Following are the main features:
• EMP/IEE/EIA study is mandatory for obtaining forestry clearance. • Alternative analysis has to be done during feasibility study for avoiding forest
area or if not having minimal loss of vegetation.
• Concerned Ministry has to obtain concurrence from Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation before approving IEE/EIA
• Provision of compensatory plantation (with protection for five years) at the ratio
of 1:25 plants by the project or provide plantation and protection cost to concerned
DFO.
Batabaran Parichhyan - Resource Booklet - 2070 B.S. (2013): It provides guidance
for local body to prepare environmental assessment reports of different projects;
construction materials extraction and local roads, on their own.
Environment Friendly Local Governance Framework (EFLG) 2070 B.S (2013
A.D.): This framework is prepared to promote environmental conservation through
local institutions to materialize environment friendly local development concept. There
are different level of environment friendly indicators like basic, advanced and special
indicators at household, tole/settlement, ward, VDC, Municipality and District level.
Main objectives of this framework are as follows:
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Mainstreaming the environment, climate change, disaster management issues in
local development planning process.
Making environment friendly local governance mechanism.
Strengthening basic level to make environment friendly sustainable development.
Promoting coordination and cooperation within environment and development.
Strengthening local organization to enhance local ownership for the sustainable
development of environment.
Nepal Rural Road Standard, 2012 A.D.: Sets the classification and geometric design
standards for the Local Road Network to be followed by all those involved in the
development of the network, including Users, User Committees, VDCs, DDCs, DTOs,
DoLIDAR and its development partners.
National Adaptation Program of Action, 2068 B.S. (2010 A.D.): The NAPA has
been instrumental in mainstreaming climate change in development planning. The
NAPA has developed a framework for adaptation programme, and has identified key
adaptation needs, existing adaptation practices and options for developed projects
including infrastructure.
Reference Manual for Environmental and Social Aspects of Integrated Road
Development, 2060 B.S (2003 A.D): Suggests stepwise process of addressing
environmental and social issues alongside the technical, financial and other issues.
Batabaraniya Nirdesika (Nepali), 2057 B.S. (2000 A.D.): Focuses in the practical
implementation of small rural infrastructures through the minimization of
environmental impacts and outlines simple methods of environmental management in
the different phases of the project cycle. More emphasis is given to prevention rather
than cure.
APPROACH for the Development of Agricultural and Rural Roads, 2055 B.S.
(1999 A.D.): Emphasizes labor based technology and environmental friendly, local
resource oriented construction methods to be incorporated actively in rural
infrastructure process.
Green Roads in Nepal, Best Practices Report – An Innovative Approach for
Rural Infrastructure Development in the Himalayas and Other Mountainous
Regions. GIZ, 1999 A.D.: It focuses on participatory, labor based and environment
friendly technology with proper alignment selection, mass balancing, proper water
management, bioengineering and phased construction.
Environmental Management Guidelines, Geo Environmental and Social Unit,
DoR, 2054 B.S. (1997 A.D.): It consists of environmental mitigation measures to be
incorporated into DoR projects, procedures for public participation, and socio-
economic consideration. The Environmental Mitigation Measures are broken down
into 12 categories or activities and a method for implementation is given for each
mitigation measures including implementation strategies. These environmental
mitigation measures should be used in conjunction with good engineering design,
construction and operation practices. It also suggests considering the various socio-
economic issues like land acquisition and compensation, economic impacts and
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cultural heritage.
Community forest development program guideline (third revision 2071 B.S.):
Sustainable and scientific management of forest by the local users including
environment services and facilities for the mitigation of natural calamaties, wildlifes
nad forest fire
National Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines, 2050 B.S. (1993 A.D.):
Provides guidance to project proponent on integrating environmental mitigation
measures, particularly on the management of quarries, borrow pits and stockpiling of
materials, operation of the work camps, earthworks and slope stabilization, location of
stone crushing plants etc.
F International Conventions
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and
Flora (CITES), 2053 B.S., amended, 2059 B.S. (1973 A.D., amended 1979 A.D.): It
regulates international trade in endangered wild flora and fauna with the aim of
reducing or eliminating trade in species whose numbers or conditions suggest that
further removal from their natural habitat would lead to their extinction. It urges parties
not to allow trade in specimen of species included in the CITES Appendices I, II and
III with some exception. As the area holds some CITES listed species, this convention
is attracted in case of their trade.
Convention on Biological Diversity, 2049 B.S. (1992): It focuses on the
conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair
and equitable sharing of the benefits. It urges parties to introduce appropriate
procedures requiring EIA of the proposed projects that are likely to have significant
adverse effects on biological diversity.
Convention (No. 169) Concerning Indigenous and Tribal People in Independent
Countries, 2046 B.S. (1989A.D): The convention provides right to the indigenous
and tribal people to decide their own priorities for the process of development. It
mandates participation in formulations of the plan and programs, decision making
regarding national development. It safeguards rights of the indigenous people in
territories traditionally occupied by them.
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3.1 Desk Review
14. The following steps were followed during the desk review:
Collection and review of secondary information from various sources
Initial interaction and consultation with the local community and district level
stakeholders
Delineation of geographical boundary of the influence area on the topographical map
Preparation of project specific checklist
3.1.1 Collection and Review of Secondary Sources of Information from
Various Sources
15. Secondary information was collected through published and official reports and
interpretation of maps and photographs. The sources of information were District
Coordination Committee (DCC), District Forest Office (DFO), related NGOs and other line
agencies.
3.2 Project Area Delineation
16. The project influence area and the impact area were identified during the
preparation of ToR. Such areas were delineated based on the field conditions and nature of
project development using the similar past experiences of the experts involved in the IEE
process. Based on the environmental impacts of the project, the project-affected areas are
classified as the following Table 3.
Table 3: Categories of Several Project Affected Areas
Category Description
Directly Impact Area
(ward level)
Construction areas of project activities. Such area includes
the formation width, Right of Way (RoW), and ancillary
structure sites camp facilities area, excavation area /quarry
sites and stock piling sites including their access
components.
(Considering administrative boundary: Godavari Municipality
– 1, 2, 3 and 4)
Indirectly Impact Area
(Municipality level)
Immediate areas of construction with moderate and low
impacts. Such area covers area beyond the DIA and within
100 meters each side from the centerline of road including a
buffer area of about 100 meters from the ancillary structure
sites.
(Considering administrative boundary: Godavari Municipality)
3.3 Field Survey
17. Field survey comprised of walkthrough survey, consultation with community, site
inspection and observation. The road alignment was visited and observed in 15th August,
2014. The following tools were used for the collection of primary data.
Focus group discussion (FGD) - To conduct consultation with the local communities at
different settlements, FGD was organized with key informants and other persons. It was
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done to collect physical and chemical, biological, wildlife, socio-economic and cultural
environment related information using a checklist as given in Annex 1, 2, 3 and 4 of
Annex I.
Topographical map - It was used to show environmental features (drainage, landslide,
land use) on the map during walkthrough survey.
Photographs - Necessary photographs were taken to show different environmental
features.
3.3.1 Initial Interaction and Consultation with the Local Community
18. During the IEE report preparation, the team met, discussed and interacted with
concerned staff of the Government of Nepal, then DDC, then VDCs in the district head
quarter, teachers, and community based organization member and key persons of
surrounding areas within the Zone of Influence (ZoI).
3.3.2 Public Consultation
In order to ensure the public involvement, the following procedures were followed during
IEE report preparation.
Publication of notice- a 15 days public notice was published on 9th July 2014 in the
Abhiyan, a national daily newspaper (Annex III) seeking written opinion from concerned
then VDCs, then DDC, schools, health posts and related local organizations. A copy of
the public notice was also affixed in the above mentioned organizations and deed of
inquiry (muchulka) was collected (Annex IV). The information was disclosed to the
direct stakeholders of the area in various time zone from the time of ToR preparation
and accordingly to comply with the EPR, recommendation letters were also obtained
from the affected then VDCs and is attached in Annex V.
IEE team also carried out interaction with local communities and related stakeholders
during field survey to collect the public concerns and suggestions. Moreover, focus
group discussions (FGDs) were conducted to collect and solicit information regarding
the bio-physical and socio-economic and cultural aspects of Lalit Ghumti Road
(Godamchaur - Godavari - Badikhel - Lelebhanjyang road section) The FGDs were held
at different settlements along the ZoI of the road and A summary of meeting minutes
with local people is given in Table 4 and the results of FGD have been attached in
Annex VI.
Table 4: Summary of Meeting Minutes
SN Date
Place for
Public
Meeting
No. of
Participants Issues and Decisions of Meeting
Male Female
1
2071/05/27
BS
(2014/09/12
AD)
Godavari,
Godavari
Municipality-1
(then
Godavari
Municipality -
6 3
Road passes through the
forest area so the mitigation
measures should be used to reduce
impact on forest areas.
Proper management of
Landslides during the construction of
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SN Date
Place for
Public
Meeting
No. of
Participants Issues and Decisions of Meeting
Male Female
1/2) road should be done.
Road should be of good quality
and should be long lasting.
Regular monitoring of should
be done during the construction of
the road.
2
2071/05/20
BS
(2014/09/05
AD)
Lele, Godavari
Municipality-1
(then
Godavari
Municipality -
2)
8 3
Construction works should be
done in time and regular monitoring
should be done.
Proper management of
construction materials and
equipments should be done so that
people are able to transport easily.
The construction of retaining
walls should be of good quality.
Proper monitoring and survey
should be done on the landslide
prone areas so that bioengineering
activities should be of good quality.
3
2071/05/24
BS
(2014/09/09
AD)
Lamatar ,
Godavari
Municipality-1
3 9
Construction works should be
done in time and regular monitoring
should be done.
Road side plantation should be
done on both side of the road
corridor.
Construction materials and
equipments should be keep in proper
place (i.e. by taking land in lease)
Construction materials should
be checked before using. (Source: Field survey, 2016)
3.4 Compilation of Existing Information, Impact Identification and
Prediction
19. The information collected from different sources was processed and analyzed
according to the physical, biological, socioeconomic and cultural environment within the
zone of influence. The collected secondary data were the major sources for verification and
crosschecking of primary data during the field survey. The generated information from
primary source was analyzed, tabulated and prioritized.
20. Based on the identification of the impacts, their prediction was done to forecast the
changes in local environment. The methods adopted in impact predictions were done by
using various methods, such as trend analysis, cause and effect relationship, expert
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judgment etc. The assessment of environmental impact was derived exclusively in terms of
magnitude, duration and extent. The significance of positive and negative impacts
associated with construction and subsequent operation of the road were identified and
predicted considering the ZoI.
3.5 Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Plan
21. Based on the identified impacts their nature, extent and magnitude, the mitigation
and monitoring prescriptions were developed. A realistic approach was applied for the
application of the mitigation measures in the local context. Environmental monitoring plan
was developed to assess the effectiveness of the mitigation measures and implementation
status.
3.6 Information Disclosure
22. A draft IEE report along with the executive summary, identified impacts,
recommended mitigation measures and the EMP has been prepared and distributed to the
stakeholders and the concerned Municipality (then VDCs) for public disclosure. The draft
IEE report will also be kept in information centre of DCC (then DDC) Lalitpur for public
disclosure. Information was also disseminated through person to person contacts,
interviews and group discussions. The approved IEE report will be accessible to interested
parties and the general public through the information centre of Lalitpur DCC (then DDC)
and websites of RRRSDP. The following offices will get the approved IEE report:
1. District Technical Office, Lalitpur
2. Godavari Municipality, Lalitpur
3. Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Local Development
4. Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program, Phase-2
(RRRSDP-2)
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4. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
4.1 Relevancy of the Sub-project
23. The road passes through Godavari Municipality 1, 2, 3 and 4 (then Godamchaur
VDC 1-9, Bisankhunarayan VDC 1-9, Godavari VDC 1-9 and Badikhel VDC 1-9). This road
links and provides accessibility to people of north and east of lalitpur district.
24. Construction of this road will provide easy physical and economical access to the
people within zone of influence (ZoI). This road can serve as a means and catalyst for
different development activities like water supply, irrigation, health and education in the
area. Local productions can get market with improved transportation facility so that people
from the area may have better earning opportunities. Moreover, this road will save
considerable travel time and improve income generation potentials, enhance commercial
opportunities and improve market accessibility. This road will also provide short-term
employment opportunity by engaging the rural poor people in construction of the road. Such
people based development efforts will reinstall economic activities in the area by creating
long term employment and other opportunities too.
4.2 Location and Access
25. The Lalit Ghumti Road (Godamchaur - Godavari - Badikhel - Lelebhanjyang road
section) sub-project lies in the Lalitpur district in Provience 3 of Nepal. It starts from
Bishankhunayaran School of Godavari Municipality-1 (then Godamchaur VDC) and ends at
Lele bhanjyang of Godavari Municipality-4 (then Badikhel VDC). It passes through 5 major
settlements: Godamchaur, Bisankhunarayan, Godavari, Kitini and Badikhel of Godavari
Municipality ward 1, 2, 3 and 4. The road does not pass through any protected areas,
historically and archaeologically sensitive areas.
26. This earthen/gravel road has been proposed for partial gravel and partial blacktop.
The road passes through private and public land crossing small stream (kholsi) at some
location.
27. Total road length in ToR was 25 km as per initial survey but final Detail design report
was prepared for 14.981 km only. So, this IEE report has been prepared for 14.981 Km
only. The formation width of proposed road is 6.25 m. The location of the road is illustrated
by the Figure 2, 3 and 4.
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Figure 2: Location Map of Project Site
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Figure 3: Topographic Map of Project Site
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Figure 4: Google Location Map
4.3 Salient Features of the Project
28. The salient features of Lalit Ghumti Road (Godamchaur - Godavari - Badikhel -
Lelebhanjyang road section) are presented in the following Table 5.
Table 5: Salient Feature of the Sub-project
Parameter Descriptions
Start point Bisankhunarayan School of Godavari Municipality –
1 (then Godamchaur VDC)
End point Lelebhanjyang of Godavari Municipality – 4 (then
Badikhel VDC)
Sub - Project starting date April, 2016
Sub - Project ending date June, 2019
DTMP code 27DR007
Geographical features
Altitude 1,403 masl to 1,540 masl
Altitude at starting point 1,403 m
Altitude at ending point 1,540 m
Climate Warm temperate
Soil Colluvial soil, Alluvium soil and residual soil
Length of Road 14.981 km
Standard of Pavement Partial Blacktop and partial Gravel
Construction period Three Years
Design speed 20 km per hour
Minimum radius in horizontal curve 10 m
Average grade 7%
Maximum grade 12%
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Parameter Descriptions
Name of settlements Godamchaur, Bisankhunarayan, Godavari, Kitini
and Badikhel
No. of households 4,757 (20,532 population)
Municipality along the road Godavari Municipality ward 1-4 (then Godamchaur,
Bisankhunarayan, Godavari and Badikhel VDCs)
Cross-section
Right of way 20 m (10m each side)
Formation width 6.25 m
Carriage way 3.75 m
Retaining structures
Cement Masonry wall 11,147.72 m3
Gabion Retaining and Breast wall 10,176.69 m3
Earthwork
Cutting 170,477.030 cu.m
Filling 22,645.407 cu.m
Spoil Generated 147,831.62 m3
Potential Spoil Disposal Site ch. 0+980, 5+900, 6+900 and 13+600
Project Cost
Total Civil Cost (NRs.) 288,790,487.10
Total EMP Cost (NRs.) 161,838,738.29
Mitigation Cost (NRs.) 1,495,131.75
Monitoring Cost (NRs.) 240,000.00
Bio-engineering Cost (NRs.) 1,471,312.97
Total Project cost (NRs.) 424,989,354.07
Employment generation
Skilled 15,529 person/day
Unskilled 53,822 person/day
4.4 Components and Activities
29. Total length of the road is 14.981 km with 6.25 m formation width. Project
components are: construction of structures like masonry wall, retaining wall, breast wall as
well as earthwork like site clearance. Bioengineering, spoil disposal management,
compensatory plantation are the activities during the construction of this road sub-project.
4.4.1 Construction Approach
30. Implementation of road sub-project works shall be carried out employing Labour by
the contractor with following features:
Use of local people as well as external labour, hand tools and small equipment and
heavy machinery for construction.
Balancing cut and fills as far as possible and managing excess spoil
Use of bio-engineering techniques with integrated use of vegetation, simple civil
engineering structures and proper water management systems for slope protection.
Use of bitumen for the blacktopped purpose.
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4.4.2 Construction Materials Required
23. Regarding the construction materials like stone and boulder is available along the
road and materials like sand, aggregates, gravels and other materials cement, steel bar, GI
Wire, Hume pipes will be transported from tikabhairav and Chapagau, Lalitpur.
4.5 Implementation Schedule
31. Following Table 6 shows the proposed implementation schedule for the sub-project:
Table 6: Sub-project Implementation Schedule
S.N Activities 2016 2017 2018 2019
II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II
1 Detailed survey, design and
estimate
2 Preparation of resettlement
plan
2.1 Life skill and income
generation training
3 Environmental Assessment
and Implementation
3.1 IEE report preparation and
approval from MoFALD
3.2 Implementation of EMP
3.3 Environmental Monitoring
4 Work Implementation
4.1 Civil construction work by
Contractor
Note:
I - January, February, March
II - April, May, June
III - July, August, September
IV - October, November, December
4.6 Human Resource
32. The project requires both skilled and unskilled human resource. Total 15,529 skilled
person days and 53,822 unskilled person days human resource are required to carry out
civil work activities.
4.7 Land Requirement
33. Land use pattern of the area through which the road passes have been classified
into three types: Settlement area, Agricultural land and forest land. The road sub-project
has decided to acquire land within 6.25 m of RoW. The road sub-project requires 9.74 ha of
land for the implementation. Out of total required land, 5.38 ha of land are under private
ownership in which 3.05 ha is already occupied by the existing road and 2.33 ha of new
private land need to acquire as new cutting area and 4.36 ha Public land as new cutting
(where existing area of forest is 1.75 ha and new cutting is 0.43 ha).
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4.8 Cost
34. Length of this road is 14.981 km with formation width of proposed road is 6.25 m.
Total project cost of the road is estimated NRs. 424,989,354.07 and civil work cost is NRs. 288,790,487.10 (Refer Annex II).
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5. DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT
5.1 Physical Environment
5.1.1 Topography
35. Lalitpur district is located in the southern part of Kathmandu valley, which lies in the
Province 3. Geographically, the district is situated between 27°39' to 27°41' North latitudes
and 85°18' to 85°21' East longitudes and encompasses a total area is 385 sq.km. The total
area of project affected then VDCs such as Godavari (17.13 Km2), Bisankhu Narayan (6.58
Km2), Badikhel (5.85 Km2) and Godamchaur (3.13 Km2)
36. The elevation of the starting point is 1,403 masl of the road at Godavari municipality-
1 and the ending point is 1,540 masl at Godavari municipality-4. The road passes through
the lower valley slopes with the steepness of land does not exceeds 300. The grade of the
road varies from 2% to 12%. Major portion of the road passes along the North-East facing
slope. The entire road alignment lies within Kathmandu valley.
37. The proposed road crosses many small streams (Figure 5).
Figure 5: Hillshade Map of Project Area
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5.1.2 Land Use
38. The road passes through the various land use types. Land use pattern of the area
through which the road passes have been classified into three types: Settlement area,
Agricultural land and forest land. The road subproject has decided to acquire land within
6.25 m of RoW. The road sub-project requires 9.74 ha of land for the implementation. Out
of total required land, 5.38 ha of land are under private ownership in which 3.05 ha is
already occupied by the existing road and 2.33 ha of new private land need to acquire as
new cutting area and 4.36 ha Public land as new cutting (where existing area of forest is
1.75 ha and new cutting is 0.43 ha).
39. The land use practices in the influence area in the varying degree of 100 m buffering
area are presented in the Figure 6.
Figure 6: Land Use Map of the Proposed Road within 100m from Centerline
5.1.3 Geology and Soil
40. A geological survey has been carried out along the 14.981 km long alignment of the
Lalit Ghumti Road (Godamchaur - Godavari - Badikhel - Lelebhanjyang road section) an
important road of Lalitpur District.
Regional Geology and Geomorphology
41. This road follows the rocks of the Chandragiri Limestone, Sopyang Formation as
well as Tistung Formation of the Lesser Himalaya. The Chandragiri Limestone is composed
of limestone, Sopyang Formation is comprised of quartzite and phyllite and the Tistung
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Formation is represented by presence of thick quartzite (Figure 7). Northwest to southwest
directed faults are found along the road alignment. The road crosses the small tributaries.
The topography of along the road alignment is gentle slope to very steep slope, passes
through residual soil, colluvial deposits after then road follows the rocky terrain of the
Lesser Himalaya. The road alignment passes through bushes and forest as well as
cultivated land.
Surface Geology
42. Along the road section, the rock of the limestone of the Chandragiri Limestone as
well as quartzite of the Tistung Formation and Sopyang Formation is also seen. Road
alignment is covered by the residual soil with thick colluvial deposits as well as rocks of
limestone and quartzite.
Figure 7: Regional Geological Map of Chandragiri Area (DMG, 1987)
Slope Stability Condition
43. Some cut slope failures are observed which are mostly in residual and colluvial soil
deposits. The main causes of slides are precipitation, surface water condition, and
undercutting slope by road cutting. Almost all failures are occurred after opening of the road
alignment. These failures are shallow depth and can be mitigated by the arrangement of the
surface drain as well as trimming of the slope and applying the bioengineering works in the
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barren land on the slope. Remaining of the length of road has good stability, because of low
height cut slope. So there are no anymore failures along the road.
44. Some places, there is less possibilities to occur failure in limestone of the
Chandragiri Limestone and quartzite of the Tistung Formation. Most of places in the rocky
area, the orientation of the bedding plane is opposite to dipping of the hill slope so the rocks
have good slope stability. The proposed road lies in the Lesser Himalayan Zone of the
Province 3. The lithology of this zone comprises mainly of medium to low grade
metamorphic rocks like phyllite, quartzite, schist etc. The road corridor consists in various
sections of secondary geological structures such as folds and joints. The road lies at the
Midland zone of the Lesser Himalayan zone which passes through gentle–moderate and
moderate-moderate steep slope. The road passes through spur and flat land. Several small
streams, rivulet, Khola incised the road alignments. The slope aspects follow by road
alignment varies NE-SE–NW-SW due to rugged topography of the area. Frequent and
gradual changes in slope gradient, aspect and lithological variation at chainages have been
observed along the road. Lithological variation consists of residual soil, colluvial soil,
bedrock at different chainage have also been noticed.
Figure 8: Stereographic Projection of the Rock Mass along Road Section
Engineering Geological Studies
45. The road alignment passes through slightly limestone as well as quartzite and
colluvial, residual soil deposits. Thickness of colluvial and residual soil deposits range from
1 to more than 3 m. The natural hill slope ranges from 5 to 65 degrees. The hydrological
condition of the road alignment is wet and some places wet to dry and also seepage.
Geological Hazard
46. The road section comprises of different types of quartzite and schists. Soil type
along the alignment can be classified as alluvial, colluvial, residual, boulder mixed red
colored soil, and hard and soft rock. Along the road, soil and rock are found low to medium
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hazard. The low hazardous soil covers 90% length of the road comparing with area of the
medium hazardous of soil and rock. The slope stability of this section is good so necessity
for realigning any of the subsection is not envisaged on account of geological consideration.
Table 7 shows detail of soil type found along the road.
Table 7: Soil Classification
Chaingae Ordinary Soil Hard Soil Soft Rock Medium Rock
0+000-1+660 20% 80%
1+680-10+040 15% 70% 10% 5%
10+080-14+020 20% 80%
14+040--end 15% 70% 10% 5%
5.1.4 Climate and Meteorology
47. The project site lies within the warm temperate climate zone with typical two
monsoonal season in a year. There's the dry season from October to May and wet
monsoon season from June to September. It has hot, dry and warm season from mid-April
to mid-October. Dry and cold season occurs from mid-October to mid-January and cold and
wet season from mid-January to mid-April.
48. Yearly mean of maximum, minimum and daily temperatures documented in the
closest meteorological station (Khokana) to the project site are depicted in Table 8.
Maximum and minimum average temperatures recorded at this station are 22.70C and
11.70C respectively for the record period 2010. The project area is influenced by the
monsoon rains. The total annual precipitation recorded in the nearby station is about
1,295.65 mm of which nearly 75% occurs in the monsoon months. Recorded highest
precipitation in such events is 430.5 mm in the month of August (Table 9). The recorded
mean annual relative humidity at the nearest meteorological station varies between 72 to 85
percent.
Table 8: Temperature, Rainfall and Humidity Data of Khokana Station, Lalitpur (2010)
Air Temperature 0c Relative Humidity %
Mean 08:45 NST 17:45 NST
Max Min Daily
22.7 11.7 17.2 85 72 (Source: Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, 2010)
Latitude: 270 38'N Longitude: 85
0 17'E, Elevation: 1212m
Table 9: Yearly Rainfall of Godavari Station, Lalitpur (2010)
Month JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
mm 0 0 26 11.6 169.3 95.1 325.55 430.5 132.1 104.3 1.2 0
(Source: Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, 2010)
5.1.5 Air, Water and Noise quality
49. Although, the instrumental recorded data is not available, the ambient air quality
along the proposed road corridor is good. The good air quality is attributed primarily to the
non-existing of industries and vehicular movement in most of the alignment section. At
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present there is practically no noise pollution along the road corridor. But in some section
track had been already opened and regular vehicles have been plying in those section but
only on large interval of time. So, the noise pollution is not considerable. But the graveled
road in the summer season might produce windblown dust in the area and occasional
plying of vehicles does not contributed to the considerable emissions throughout the
alignment. Hence, it can be envisaged that the air and noise quality in the corridor is within
the national ambient air and noise quality guideline. However, the water quality data of
crossing streams have not been analyzed, the growing population in the proposed road
alignment area, lack of public sewerage and agriculture runoff the quality might have
degraded the quality of stream.
5.2 Drainage and Hydrology
50. The drainage pattern of the project area is dendritic. The area is comprised of
watersheds and water recharge zone and a number of smaller streams, which provides
adequate water to the inhabitants of the project area. The rivers and rivulets present in the
project area are Lubhu Khola, Godavari Khola, Kodku, Mahadev Khola, Bhardev Khola and
Nallu Khola. Detail is given in the Figure 9 below.
Figure 9: Drainage Map of the Project Area
5.3 Stability and Landslides
51. The stability of slopes along the road corridor depends upon slope angle, the
material constituting the slope, rock discontinuities, and hydrological conditions. Proposed
alignment does not pass through smaller to medium slides and many small slides and
erosions area are found along the road. The slope condition and aspects along with
dimension throughout the alignment is presented in Table 10.
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 27
Table 10: Slope Condition and Aspect throughout the Sub-project
Chainage Location Slope condition Aspect
5+500-5+600 Mulpani Moderate North East
5+800-5+900 Mulpani Moderate North East
14+150 Godavari Moderate North East (Source: Field survey, 2014)
5.3.1 Seismicity
52. Earthquakes and group tremors are common in Nepal, the majority of epicenters
being located close to active thrusts or faults. Although it may not be practicable to design
hill road alignment to avoid these active zones, it is advisable to give consideration to the
potential effect of seismic shaking when designing high retaining structure, and essential
when designing bridges.
5.4 Biological Environment
53. The project is devoid of habitats for wildlife as it is represented by agricultural land.
In the surrounding landscape and forest areas reported diversity of faunal species based on
the outcome of public consultation. The proposed site lies outside the National park,
Conservation area and ecologically sensitive area or protected area.
5.4.1 Vegetation and Forest
54. The project site comprises of grasses and conspicuous vegetation along with
standing tree and shrubs along with the ground vegetation. The major tree vegetation in the
project vicinity are Uttis(Alnus nepalensis), Bakaino(Melia azedarach), Peepal (Ficus
religiosa), Okhar (Juglans regia), Painu (Prunus cerasoides), Bamboo (Bambusa sps),
Bhalayo (Rhus succedanea), Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Phalat (Quercus lineate), Kafal
(Myrica esculanta), Katus (Castanopsis indica), Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris), Kainyu
(Wendlandia puberula), Aasare phool (Lagerstroemiasps.), Naspati (Pyrus communis),
Aaru (Prunus persica), Aangari (Melastoma melabathricum), Hadibayer (Zizyphus incurve),
Salla (Pinus roxburghii) etc.
55. Species namely, Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Uttis (Alnus nepalensis), Salla (Pinus
roxburghii), Jamuna (Syzygiun cumini), Kafal (Myrica esculenta) are the major dominant
tree species along the road corridor. The road passes through 7 community forests (CFs).
The detail of the community forest is given in Table 11 below.
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Table 11 : Forest along the Road
Name of Forest
Chainage Length (m) Area of C.F. (ha) HH involved in the
C.F
Main Species
From To
Godamchaur CF 0+580 0+620 40 27.80 314 Chilaune (Schima wallichii)
Uttis (Alnus nepalensis)
Bistachhap CF 0+820 1+200 380 18 61 Salla (Pinus roxburghii)
Chilaune (Schima wallichii)
Jayabhadre CF 7+420 7+700 280 173.32 338 Chilaune (Schima wallichii)
Uttis (Alnus nepalensis)
Jamuna (Syzygiun cumini)
Golintaha CF 9+710 10+500 790 14 66 Chilaune (Schima wallichii)
Salla (Pinus roxburghii)
Kafal (Myrica esculenta)
Kumari CF 11+021 11+120 99 20 101 Salla (Pinus roxburghii)
Chilaune (Schima wallichii)
Bandevi CF 13+020 13+880 860 89.90 70 Chilaune (Schima wallichii)
Kafal (Myrica esculenta)
Chandol CF 13+880 14+400 520 N/A N/A Chilaune (Schima wallichii)
Kafal (Myrica esculenta)
Total 2,969 (Source: Field Survey, 2016)
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5.4.2 Faunal Diversity
56. The project is devoid of habitats for wildlife as it is represented by agricultural land. In
the surrounding landscape and forest areas reported diversity of faunal species is presented
in Table 12 based on the outcome of public consultation.
Table 12: Presence of Faunal species In and Around the Proposed Site
Local Name Scientific Name
Mammals
Syal Canis aureus
Rato Bandar Macaca mulatta
Nyauri Musa Herpestes edwardsii
Birds
Sarun Athene brama
Piegon Columbia livia
Lampuchare Urocissa erythrorhyncha
Kag Corvus splendens
Bakulla Bubulus ibis
Dhukur Streptopelia chinensis
Chibe Dicrurus adsimilis
Jureli Pycnonotus cafer
Reptiles
Cheparo Calotes versicolor versicolor
Mausuli Hemidactylus brokki (Source: Field Survey, 2014)
5.4.3 Endangered/Threatened/Rare/Indigenous Species
57. Of the reported floral and faunal species, the following species has been identified as
species of conservation significance under the conservation list of Government of Nepal
(NPWC Act, 1973), IUCN Red data book and CITES Appendix (Table 13).
Table 13: List of Endangered/Threatened/Rare/Indigenous Species
SN Species Threat Category
Common name Scientific name GoN IUCN CITEs
A Floral Species
1 Okhar Juglans regia
√
2 Lapsi Choerospondias axillaris √
B Faunal Species
1 Syal Canis aureus III
2 Rato Badar Macaca mulatta (LC) Note:
CITES Categories: I -Appendix I ( are species that are threatened with extinction and are or may be affected by
trade), II - Appendix II (re species that are not necessarily threatened with extinction, but may become so unless
trade in specimens of such species is subject to strict regulation in order to avoid utilization incompatible with the
survival of the species in the wild), and III - Appendix III ( are species that are listed after one member country
has asked other CITES Parties for assistance in controlling trade in a species)
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5.4.4 Agro Diversity
58. The agricultural land in the project comprises diverse cropping pattern. The local
inhabitants differentiated the land into Khet (with irrigation facility) and Bari (no irrigation
facility). They traditionally grow different types of vegetables, pulses, cereals crop with
rotation keeping in a view of different climatic condition. The trend of commercial farming has
also entered in the area. As reported by the local different sets of copping pair in the area
are presented in the Table 14 below:
Table 14: Vegetables, Fruits and Cereal Crops in the Area
S.N Local Name Scientific Name Remarks
1. 1 Pindalu Calocasa esculanta Rhizomes
2. 2 Tori Brassica compestris Vegetables
3. 3 Kauli Brassica oleraceae Vegetables
4. 4 Rayo Brassica juncea Vegetables
5. 5 Bandakovi Brassica deracea Vegetables
6. 6 Mula Raphanus sativa Vegetables
7. 7 Pharsi Cucurbita maxima Vegetables
8. 8 Kakro Cucurbita sativus Fruit
9. 9 Lauka Lagenaria ciceraria Vegetables
10 Ghiraula Luffa cylindrical Vegetables
11 Titekarela Momordica charantia Vegetables
12 Ishkush Sechium edule Vegetables
13 Tarul Dioscorirea alata Rhizome
14 Makai Zea mays Grain
15 Ganhu Triticum aestivum Grain
16 Tate Simi Dolischos lablab Pulse
17 Bodi Vigna sinensis Pulse
18 Kerau Pisum sativum Pulse
19 Pyaj Allium capa Vegetable
20 Lasun Allivm sativum Vegetable
21 Kagati Citrus aurantifolia Fruit
22 Bhogate Citrus maxima Fruit
23 Aalu Solanum tuberosum Vegetable
24 Bhanta Solanum melongana Vegetable
25 Golbhenda Lycopersicon esculentum Vegetable
26 Khorsani Capsicum frutesens Vegetable
27 Dhania Coriandrum sativum Spices (Source: Field Survey, 2014)
5.5 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment
5.5.1 District Context
59. The proposed road lies in Lalitpur district. According to CBS 2011, total 468,132
people live in 109,797 household. Among them, 238,082 (50.85%) are male and 230,050
(49.12%) are female. The average household size is 4.26 and population density is 1,216.
Among the 109,797 HH, few household were absentees and therefore CBS had interviewed
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 31
92,942 HH only. Out of 92,942 HH, 75,073 HH use water from pipeline, 4,718 HH use from
sprout. In Lalitipur district 1,050 HH are using tube well/hand pump as well as 1,0691 HH are
having water from covered well and 2,004 HH are using uncovered well. Among of them 243
HH using river stream water. Remaining HH depends on other source of water. In term of
energy for cooking 19,554 HH use firewood, 84,511 use LP gas, 3,309 household are using
the kerosene for cooking, only 139 HH use cow dung and remaining household use
kerosene, electricity etc. Most of the household (105,766) use electricity for lightning,
followed by 11,131 HH using kerosene and few household have solar panel also. The 4,735
HH of Lalitpur district have no toilet facility. According to the record of CBS 91,537-
constructed flush toilet and 12,139 household have ordinary toilets.
5.5.2 Demographic Characteristics
60. The total populations residing in then project VDCs are about 20,532 in 4,757
household with an average household size of 4.35. The total male and female populations in
then project VDCs are more or less similar as the female population is higher than male by
about 556. Then Bisankhunarayan VDC has comparatively lower sex ratio than other three
then VDCs. Comparative demographic characteristics of then project VDCs based on 2011
census is presented in Table 15.
Table 15: Demographic Characteristics of then Project VDCs
Then Project VDCs Household Total Male Female Avg.HHs Sex Ratio
Godavari 1,825 7,558 3,715 3,843 4.14 96.67
Bisankhunarayan 1,047 4,484 2,117 2,367 4.28 89.44
Badikhel 791 3,576 1,789 1,787 4.52 100.11
Godamchaur 1,094 4,914 2,367 2,547 4.49 92.93
Total 4,757 20,532 9,988 10,544 4.35 (Source: CBS, 2011)
61. In then project VDCs, the demographic composition of the age group is dominated by
15 to 59 years aged people accounting almost 67.29% of the total population. The second
group is made of less than 14 years age group constituting nearly 23.67% of the total.
Peoples above 60 years of age make only 9.03 % of the total population. This age group
demographic composition reveals that then project VDCs has a high potential of economical
productivity in terms of availability of potent human resource. The detail is given in the Table
16.
Table 16: Demographic Characteristics of then Project VDCs
Age Group Bisankhu
narayan
Badikhel Godamchaur Godavari Total %
0-4 262 256 288 454 1,260 6.14
5-9 314 297 365 561 1,537 7.49
10-14 464 338 468 793 2,063 10.0
15-19 606 410 549 883 2,448 11.9
20-24 460 417 520 858 2,255 10.98
25-29 360 326 513 731 1,930 9.40
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Age Group Bisankhu
narayan
Badikhel Godamchaur Godavari Total %
30-34 303 263 407 650 1,623 7.90
35-39 330 244 380 643 1,597 7.8
40-44 314 212 345 549 1,420 6.9
45-49 281 188 245 393 1,107 5.39
50-54 193 161 180 296 830 4.042
55-59 143 118 149 197 607 2.96
60-64 130 98 151 178 557 2.71
65-69 111 101 123 115 450 2.19
70-74 89 64 89 98 340 1.66
75+ 124 83 142 159 508 2.47
Total 4,484 3,576 4,914 7,558 20,532 100
(Source: CBS, 2011)
5.5.3 Caste Ethnicity
62. Then project VDCs are distinctly different from the caste/ethnic group composition,
though the prominent caste /ethnic groups in different project affected then VDCs are more
or less similar. In then project VDCs Chhetri (38.68%) share major percentage and Tamang
share (13.16%) second largest percentage of ethnic group. Brahmin in the project area
comprises 12.12% while Newar comprises 8.12 %. In other words, then project VDCs is an
area dominated by the Tamang, Newar and Chhetri caste/ethnic group. Detail is given in
Table 17 below.
Table 17: Caste/Ethnic Composition – Project District and then Project VDCs
Caste
Ethnicity
Badikhel Bisankhu
narayan
Godamchaur Godavari Total %
Chhetri 250 2,606 3,106 1,980 7,942 38.68
Brahman Hill 1138 122 195 1,033 2,488 12.12
Magar 34 240 88 441 803 3.91
Tamang 40 724 182 1,756 2,702 13.16
Newar 61 106 745 756 1,668 8.12
Kami 43 118 65 166 392 1.91
Damai/
Dholi
34 83 71 62 250 1.22
Pahari 1,891 0 0 62 1,953 9.51
Sarki 0 296 247 318 861 4.19
Others 85 189 215 984 1,473 7.17
Total 3,576 4,484 4,914 7,558 20,532 100.00
(Source: CBS, 2011)
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5.5.4 Mother Tongue
63. Demographic composition in terms of the mother tongue is dominated by Nepali
speakers (71.88%) compared to other in then project VDCs. However, the mother tongue as
Tamang has also the comparable percentage in then Project VDCs i.e.11.65%.
Comparatively, the other communication dialects are nominal other than that of Nepali and
Tamang but the Pahari speakers has significant percentage comprising 7.13%. Detail is
given in the Table 18.
Table 18: Mother Tongue Composition of then Project VDCs
Mother
Tongue
Badikhel Bisankhu
narayan
Godamchaur Godavari Total %
Nepali 1,958 3,818 4,129 4,854 14,759 71.88
Tamang 34 610 137 1,612 2,393 11.65
Newar 51 21 504 529 1,105 5.38
Pahari 1,463 0 0 0 1,463 7.13
Magar 0 0 0 124 124 0.60
Others 70 35 144 439 688 3.35
Total 3,576 4,484 4,914 7,558 20,532 100.00
(Source: CBS, 2011)
5.5.5 Literacy Status
64. Educational achievement is essential for effective participation in society. Individual
and community levels of education have a strong positive association with a range of
economic and social benefits. Compared to female members the male members of the
project then VDCs are more literate. Though the difference in gap is closer in then project
VDCs, it still indicates prevailing social discrimination of the female members of the
societies. Overall, then project VDCs have better literacy status than that of national
average. The average literacy rate of male is 89.22% and female is 67.83% in the then
VDCs. Detail is given in the Table 19.
Table 19: Literacy Rate of then Project VDCs
Then Project VDCs Both (%) Male (%) Female (%)
Bisankhunarayan 77.4 90.27 65.89
Badikhel 72.71 83.38 62.1
Godamchaur 80.87 93.15 69.71
Godavari 81.67 90.1 73.62
Average Literacy rate 78.16 89.22 67.83
(Source: CBS, 2011)
65. Table 20 represents the population percentage above 5 years of age according to
the status of level passed in then project VDCs. Most of the population in then project VDCs
including male and female have passed primary education followed by lower secondary. The
population having graduation are very less compared to other level.
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Table 20: Population Years of Age 5-25 and Over By Status of School Attendance in
the Project VDCs
Level Passed Badikhel Bisankhu
narayan
Godamchaur Godavari
Male
%
Female
%
Male
%
Female
%
Male
%
Female
%
Male
%
Female
%
Beginner 2.53 4.32 3.1 2.63 2.58 2.83 3.38 3.69
Primary 29.89 30.23 27.65 28.66 23.02 22.3 24.97 25.85
Lower Secondary 19.49 20.83 21.96 20.77 18.69 19.76 17.38 18.51
Secondary 10.97 10.65 14.38 15.24 13.92 16.17 13.23 13.11
SLC & equi 15.6 15.26 12.28 12.68 15.91 14.51 13.3 11.77
Intermediate and
equivalent
12.49 10.17 9.4 8.36 13.33 12.92 11.93 12.22
Graduate & eq 5.85 3.74 3.37 2.36 5.89 4.13 6.98 5.55
Post grad. Eq &
above
2.09 0.38 0.88 0.13 1.46 0.65 3.22 1.75
Others 0.07 0 0.06 0 0.29 0.06 0.16 0.19
Non-formal
education
0.94 4.03 6.36 8.5 4.23 6.14 5.13 7.04
Level not stated 0.07 0.38 0.55 0.67 0.68 0.53 0.32 0.34 (Source: CBS, 2011)
5.5.6 Energy Usage
For cooking
66. The type of energy usage in the households signifies the measure of the household
quality of health and well-being. Majority of household in then project VDCs use firewood for
cooking energy followed by LP gas. Then Bisankhunarayan VDC comprises about 75.84%
and that of Badikhel is 63.97% followed by Godamchaur (46.62%), whereas 34.25% of
household in Godavari prefer firewood for cooking purposes that signifies about 62.47%
household in Godavari use LP gas as their major cooking energy. Detail is given in Table
21.
Table 21: Energy Usage – then Project VDCs
Then Project VDCs Bisankhunarayan
%
Badikhel
%
Godamchaur
%
Godavari
%
Wood/firewood 75.84 63.97 46.62 34.25
Kerosene 0.1 0.88 2.1 2.25
LP gas 23.5 32.74 49.91 62.47
Santhi/Guitha
cowdung
0 0 0.46 0
Biogas 0 1.52 0.09 0.11
Electricity 0 0 0 0
Others 0.1 0.25 0 0.33
Not stated 0.48 0.63 0.82 0.6 (Source: CBS, 2011)
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For lightening
67. Then project VDCs being nearest to the capital city and other urban centers all the
then VDCs are connected to the national grid. In an average about 96.85% of household use
national grid electricity in then project VDCs (Table 22). Nominal percentage of households
only uses other forms of energy for lightening purpose.
Table 22: Energy Usage – then Project VDCs
Then Project VDCs Bisankhunarayan % Badikhel
%
Godamchaur
%
Godavari
%
Electricity 96.85 95.2 96.71 96.66
Kerosene 1.91 3.92 2.1 1.53
Biogas 0.29 0.25 0.18 0.6
Solar 0.19 0 0.09 0.11
Others 0.29 0 0.09 0.38
Not stated 0.48 0.63 0.82 0.71 (Source: CBS, 2011)
5.5.7 Drinking Water
68. The overall health of the communities is depended on the existing water supply and
the community level sanitation infrastructures. The 2011 census shows pipe water supply
coverage higher percent households in then project VDCs i.e. more than 80% of households
(Table 23). All then VDCs have good coverage of piped drinking water supply system. In
then Badikhel and Bisankhunarayan VDCs nearly 14% of households depend upon the
spout water system.
Table 23: Water Supply Sources of then Project VDCs
Then Project VDCs Bisankhunarayan
%
Badikhel
%
Godamchaur
%
Godavari
%
Tap/piped water 85.2 85.71 96.71 96
Tubewell/handpump 0 0.13 0 0.05
Covered well/kuwa 0.29 0.38 0.18 0.88
Uncovered
well/kuwa
0.1 0 0.64 0
Spout Water 13.75 13.02 1.28 1.59
River/stream 0 0 0.27 0
Others 0.19 0.13 0.09 0.77
Not stated 0.48 0.63 0.82 0.71 (Source: CBS, 2011)
5.5.8 Toilet
69. Then project VDCs and the communities lack sewerage systems and are also devoid
of solid waste management systems. Most of the waste water and solid waste, being
organic, is biodegradable and assimilated with the natural environment due to its nature of
settings. Open defecation in open fields and creeks is still a practice among some
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 36
households (Table 24). Most of the household in then project VDCs have flush toilet
followed by ordinary toilet and only very small percentage of households donot have toilet.
Table 24: Toilet Facilities - Project VDCs
Project VDCs Bisankhunarayan % Badikhel % Godamchaur % Godavari %
HH without toilet facility 8.6 2.65 2.29 2.03
Flush Toilet 69.05 58.91 60.6 59.67
Ordingary toilet 21.97 37.8 36.29 37.59
Toilet facility not stated 0.38 0.63 0.82 0.71 Source: CBS, 2011
5.5.9 Socio-economic Profile of the Project Affected Households
70. A detailed socio-economic survey was conducted to investigate affected households
status. The total affected households are 391; socio-econoic survey was carried for 188
(48.08%) households having 956 populations. Out of total APs, 117 HHs are from
Brahmin/Chhetri, 4 HH from Dalit and 67 HHs are from Janajati. There are 34 women
headed HHs in the sub-project area. The detail is given in the Table 25 below.
Table 25 : Summary of Affected Households by the Sub-project
S.N. Variable Count
1 Total affected households 391
2 Interviewed HHs 188
2.1 Dalit HHs 4
2.2 Janajati HHs 67
2.3 Brahmin/Chhetri HHs 117
3 Interviewed Populations 956
3.1 Male 478
3.2 Female 478
3.3 Average HHs Size 5.1
4 Non- Interviewed HHs 203
5 Women headed HH 34
(Source: Households Survey, January 2017, RP)
71. The survey showed that livelihood option of the affected families is not land based
but from non-agriculture sector. Few families are involved in non agriculture income
generating activities like tea shop, grocery shop, job in different institutions along with the
agricultural activities too. Similarly, 67 interviewed indigenous families income sources is
also based on non-agriculture and income from land is negligible share in the total income.
The average food sufficiency month of the APs is 7.85 months per year.
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5.6 Status due to Earthquake
72. Most rural homes badly damaged and people are forced to live in tents. 91% of
houses destroyed, 318 human casualties, and 548 of 594 government schools are destroyed
(as reported in District-wise summary record). Most of the houses of ZoI are damaged by the
earthquake. The devastating earthquake mostly destroyed the physical properties rather
than human beings.
(Source: GoN/MoHA as of 21 May 2015 )
Figure 10: Earthquake affected Districts
73. As per the factsheet of Lalitpur district 91% of the HHs are damaged due to
earthquake. The house wall of mud bonded brick/stone are of 10% prevalence among which
8% are completely damaged, 33% are partially collapsed or heavy damaged and 58% are
minor damaged. The house with mud bonded brick/stone with corrugated galvanized iron is
common of 56%. Out of 56% 10% are completely destroyed and 45 % are heavily damaged
and partially collapsed and 45% minor-moderately damaged. The reinforced concrete
cement type of houses are rare about 2% among them 4% are heavily damaged with partial
collapse and 71% are damaged moderately and 25% of house are not damaged. The house
with CGI roof is 2% in Lalitpur district among which 33% are partially collapsed with heavy
damage and 67% are damaged moderately. Remaining households are safe to live in.
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Water Resource:
74. The source of water is found
declining after the earthquake (Refer
Figure 11) 36 % households
reported a decline in water quality
whereas 17 % of the households
reported a decrease in water
quantity.
(Source: Factsheet for earthquake impacts of Lalitpur district)
Figure 11: Earthquake affected water sources
Toilet Facility:
75. Toilets are damaged by the
earthquake in Lalitpur district (please
refer Figure 12). 68% of toilet with
septic tank was reduced to 61% due to
earthquake. Toilet with sewer is not
affected but pit latrine was reduced by
5%. Other types of toilet facilities were
increased after the earthquake.
(Source: Factsheet for earthquake impacts of Lalitpur district)
Figure 12: Earthquake affected Toilet facilities
68
13 17 1
61
13 13 13
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
flush (septic) Flush (sewer) Pit Latrine None/Other
Pe
rce
nta
ge
Types of toilet
Before EQ
After EQ
21
47
23
20
39
23
0
10
20
30
40
50
Private Pipe Municipal Pipe Spout
Pe
rce
nta
ge
Type of water sources
Before EQ
After EQ
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 39
6. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
76. The identification and assessment of impacts has been carried out by considering the
proposed proposal activities examined in terms of the construction and operation stage.
Several such impacts have been identified based on site observation, field survey and
information obtained from the stakeholders, with a few being identified on value judgment.
The impact of the activities will be on physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural
resources within the ZoI. Impacts from the proposed road sub project can be both beneficial
as well as adverse. Most of the identified impacts have been quantified as far as possible.
The impacts have been identified, predicted and evaluated in terms of their magnitude (low,
moderate and high), extent (site specific, local and regional) and duration (short, medium
and long term) and appropriate benefit enhancement and mitigation measures are given in
Chapter 8.
6.1 Beneficial Impact
6.1.1 Socio-economic and Cultural Issues
Construction Stage
Employment opportunity
77. The construction works for upgrading of road will create 15,529 person/days skilled
and 53,822 person/days unskilled workforces. There will be positive impacts in other
economic activities in a chained manner creating other income generating activities like
lodging and fooding for the workers. The magnitude, extent and duration of such impact are
envisaged to be moderate, local and short term respectively and have indirect impact.
Increase income of local peoples through training
78. The project will enhanced income generation activities of the peoples through
different kinds of trainings provided in the project area. The magnitude, extent and duration
of such impact are envisaged to be high, local and short term respectively and indirect
impact.
Small scale enterprise development and business promotion
79. It is envisaged that there will be more people opening their business venture targeted
to construction work force. This shall open up new avenues for the development of the
project area, people from the area will take it as an opportunity to start a new business,
different from the traditional business pattern and those businesses include hardware,
agricultural products, agricultural tools and machines etc.
80. The locals of the project area will have opportunity to sell their agro products (such
as milk, eggs, meat, vegetables, fruits, etc.) on better price to the contractors and the
construction workforce. This will promote the production of local products in larger quantities
than earlier. In addition to production of local products, there are possibilities of opening new
tea stalls, restaurants, and consumer good shops to meet the daily demands of the
contractors and construction workforce. The local community could be benefitted from
increased commercial and economic activity. The magnitude, extent and duration of such
impact are envisaged to be moderate, regional and short term respectively and direct in
nature.
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 40
Rent from land acquired temporarily during construction
81. Land will be needed for establishment of campsite, stockpiling of construction
material etc. during construction. The land used for such purpose also acts as a means to
income. This is impact will be direct, moderate, short term and local in scale.
Commercialization in agricultural products among local communities
82. The road projects will bring a change among in local agricultural practices along a
road alignment. Locals will follow a cash crop, horticulture practices and fast growing crops
instead of conventional agricultural trend. The envisaged impact is indirect, long term, local
in extent and moderate in magnitude.
Increase the number of road side business
83. Private agricultural farm, chicken raring, goat raring will be enhanced during
construction phase. Locals will be morally intended to do the private business. Additionally,
the local dealers and retailers will have profound growth around the project area to enhance
their business. The overall business will have significant positive impact around the area.
The envisaged impact is direct, medium term, local in extent and low in magnitude.
Help to increase a tourism and eco-tourism opportunities
84. The construction of road increases accessibility to the different places important for
the tourism purpose such as Godavari and Phulchowki. This may increase ecotourism in the
project site and increase the income level of local people. The impact will be direct,
moderate, regional and long term in nature.
Operation & Maintenance Stage
Increase an economic valuation of land
85. The operation phase often leads to rising land values along the road corridor.
Increased land values also enhance farmers’ capability for borrowing loans on collaterals. High value lands are easily acceptable to banks and micro-finance institutions to provide
loans. The present land value ranges from NRs 3 lakh per Aana to 10 lakh per Aana along
the road side. This impact will be an indirect, moderate significance, local and long term in
nature.
Reduced travel costs
86. Operation of road will enhance the access of people to social services and quick
transportation of goods. Travel time and cost will be cheaper. This will provide comfortable
and quick access to the people. The improved road surface will reduce the wear and tear of
vehicles, thus reducing the general costs for spare parts, and it will increase the fuel
efficiency and reduce vehicular emissions. These effects will be reflected in terms of reduced
travel cost. This will be direct, moderate significance, regional and long-term impact.
Mainstreaming of local culture and products
87. The completion of road upgrading work will serve the cultural and religious sites of
the project. The project will manage to support the foot trails improvements to some of the
selected cultural and religious sites and they include Bisankhu Narayan and Manakamana
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(Bisankhu Narayan VDC, Godavari and Naudhara mandir, Tikabhairav Mandir-adjacent to
the road). This will be direct, moderate significance, regional and long-term impact
Increase cost opportunity of local farmers for their agricultural products
88. The opportunity created by the improved access, reduced transportation and travel
cost, enhanced market mechanisms etc. are expected to incite local people for the improved
agricultural practice and better livestock raising in the project area. The better availability of
improved seeds for cereals and vegetables, better availability of seeds and saplings of
horticultural crops, farming tools and techniques, improved breed of animal species etc. all
associated with the better road access and mobility are envisaged to further support the
process of improvement in agriculture and livestock production in the area. The magnitude of
such impact is envisaged to be moderate, the extent to be regional, and the duration to be
long term.
Employment of local people
89. The project itself will require its office workers and different field workers for smooth
operation. Such workers include at least three skilled workers and almost forty other
semiskilled and unskilled workers on permanent basis round the year. Additional ad-hoc
human resources will be required in case of repairing works as temporary workers. The new
business, trade and industrial activities also require human resources as indirect opportunity
created by the road operation. Other such employment opportunities include the
employment in enhanced construction activities around the project area, employment in the
accelerated farm activities and trade etc. The magnitude of such impact is envisaged to be
high, the extent to be local, and the duration to be short term.
Market development opportunity
90. Reduced travel cost and reduced travel time associated with the project operation will
enhance the people’s mobility and activities in and around the project area. This will assist
for starting and promoting the trade, business and industrial development in and around the
project area. Similarly new businessmen will be attracted to the project area and hence new
shops, restaurants, hotels, service centers etc. will be opened up in the project area being
one of the scenic beauties in the Kathmandu valley. Godavari area, being rich in limestone
deposits of different qualities, and iron ore at Phulchowki, some industrial activities based on
limestone and iron as the raw material are likely be established. The local products based on
agriculture and forestry will receive better access and hence trade on these products is
envisaged to be promoted with the successful operation of the black-topped road in the area.
The magnitude of such impact is envisaged to be high, the extent to be local, and the
duration to be long term.
Women empowerment
91. Women and indigenous people in particular may be benefited more from improved
access to the market centers and various service providing agencies like health centers,
banks, training institutes, women development office etc. Frequency of visit to such agencies
will increase awareness level and empowerment. The impact will be indirect, High, local and
for long-term.
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Explore opportunities on horticultural crops / cash crops cultivation
92. The development of transportation facilities will bring a change among in local
agricultural practices along a road alignment and corridor. They will follow a cash crop,
horticulture practices and fast growing crops instead of conventional agricultural trend.
Similarly, while maintaining RoW and constructional activities, the land uses might be
change. In total, the present land use practices will be changed. The envisaged impact is
direct long term, local in extent and moderate in magnitude.
Opportunity for small scale Industrial development viz. cottage industries, poultry
farm, dairy farm, handicraft, eco-resort and lodge for tourism business and other
agricultural farm development (e.g. mushroom farming)
93. The increased access to market center due to the opening of road is likely to
increase the productivity in the area in terms of agricultural products particularly horticulture,
poultry and other services. This area has the great potentiality for production of vegetables
and livestock. This will enhance the economic condition of local people. The increased
accessibility in the zone of influence and increased agricultural production as stated above
will open up the revenues to establish cottage industries such as agro-based industries. This
will increase the employment opportunities and income level. The impact will be indirect, low,
local and long term in nature.
Encourage to maintain temple present in project affected area such as Tikabhairav
temple and nearby cultural shrine.
94. The completion of road upgrading work will serve the cultural and religious sites of
the project. The project will support to manage the foot trails improvement in some of the
selected cultural and religious sites and they include Bisankhu Narayan and Manakamana
(Bisankhunarayan VDC, Godavari and Naudhara mandir, Tikabhairav Mandir-adjacent to the
road). This will be direct, moderate significance, regional and long-term impact.
Dissemination of spiritual and religious values of different place that the local peoples
were adopted in project affected areas.
95. The operation of road will attract different people with different cultural background in
the project area. This surge in population of different cultural and religious background will
help the local area for their exchange of culture. Furthermore, the good and impressive
cultural activities that are practiced by the local people are expected to be adopted by the
people of the other areas hence the local culture will get an opportunity to expand itself. The
likely impact is envisaged to be low in magnitude, local in extent, and long term in duration.
The positive impact will be an indirect impact of road operation.
6.2 Adverse Impacts
6.2.1 Socio-economic and Cultural Impacts
Construction Stage
Issues of land and property acquisition and resettlements and population
displacement
96. The road sub-project requires 9.74 ha of land for the implementation. Out of total
required land, 5.38 ha of land are under private ownership in which 3.05 ha is already
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occupied by the existing road and 2.33 ha of new private land need to acquire as new cutting
area and 4.36 ha Public land as new cutting. The people in the RoW shall ultimately be
devoid to exercise their present agricultural practices as well. Since these activities might
adversely affect the road. The impact will be on individual level, direct, high significance, site
specific, and short-term in nature.
Impacts due to loss of structures/infrastructures existing in RoW of proposed road
97. The sub-project needs to acquire the private land property in RoW. The Detail is
given in Resettlement Plan (RP) will address the impact in the private land and property
during construction of the road. About 130 structures (124 Private structures and 6 Public
structures) will be directly impacted with the upgradation of the road. The impact will be
direct, site specific, short term and high in magnitude.
Pressures on social service facilities such as water, electricity, open ground etc.
98. Due to large influx of labors during construction phase, the demand of additional
social facilities such as transport services, drinking water supply, and other public services
will increase. This will result into pressure on available social services in the area. Magnitude
of such impacts envisages to low, site specific and short term.
Employment loss
99. The agriculture wage labor of the area might lose their working hour due to the loss
of agriculture land. During different agriculture season the area is cultivated with variety of
crops such as paddy, wheat, mustard, maize etc. with the possible extension of road the
area might be converted into road and different cropping activity such as sowing, planting,
watering, ploughing don’t require so that wage labor could lose their opportunity. Magnitudes of such impacts are envisaged to low, site specific and short term.
Workforce camp operation
100. The proposed road upgrading work will operate different camps for the facility of
labors and other construction workforce. The resulting impacts will be social conflicts,
impacts on public health, water pollution, impacts on hydrology, land acquisition, loss of
vegetation, air pollution etc. The detail of such impacts is discussed under the respective
sections. The resulting impacts will be moderate in magnitude, local in extent and medium
term in duration. The resulting impacts will be direct in nature.
Cutting, filling and drain scouring
101. The cutting and filling work during the construction phase may scour and erode on
embankment due to the increase in surface runoff. The rain easily plugged out the loose
materials in cut and fill section of the road. This phenomenon is prominent in the rainy
season. This may lead to the sedimentation and water pollution in the Godavari, Kodku,
Nallu, Bhardev Khola as well as nearby water sources. The resulting impacts will be
moderate in magnitude, site specific in extent and short term in duration. The resulting
impacts will be direct in nature.
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Construction hazard such as landslide, slope failure and spoil disposal
102. During construction, workers will be exposed to various kind of risk and accident
during work. Due to the sudden failure of slope and improper disposal of spoil leads to the
sudden disaster in the construction worker as well as nearby dwellers. This impact is direct,
high in magnitude, short term and site specific.
Social Conflict and disputes
103. Access facilities may bring social nuisance like increase in alcohol consumption,
gambling, prostitution, and may increase girl trafficking. The impact will be indirect,
moderate, local and for short term.
Occupational health and safety
104. During construction, workers will be exposed to respiration and eye diseases due to
exposure to dust, risk of accident during work, polluted drinking water, unhygienic sanitary
facilities, hearing loss due to high level of noise. Increased contact between local and
migrated workers can spread serious health diseases like STDs and HIV/AIDS. This impact
is direct, high in magnitude, short term and site specific.
Operation Stage
Road Safety and possible accidents
105. Movement of vehicles in the road will invite accidents. Inadequate provisions of road
safety measures like no provisions of signals and lack of enforcement of traffic rules during
operation period may invite accidents. The impact will be direct, moderate, local and long
term in nature.
RoW encroachment
106. The RoW encroachment by the development of settlements, shops and food stalls
along the road side soon after the construction of road for economic opportunities will be
increased. Increase in land value adjoining the road and land speculation are important
drivers for such undesired and uncontrolled development. Negative consequences of ribbon
settlement are the blockage of road due to unmanaged encroachment of a right of way
constructing houses and shops, delay in private and public transport, increment in accidents,
hindrances for maintenance of work, haphazard garbage disposal, poor sanitation that may
result in undesired landscape aesthetics, and reduction of the overall road capacity. The
impact will be moderate, local level and long term in nature.
Population pressure and impact due to new settlements along the road and possible
ribbon settlements development
107. Development of settlements, shops and food stalls along the roadside soon after the
construction of road for economic opportunities will be increased. To increase in land value
adjoining the road and land speculation are important drivers for such undesired and
uncontrolled development. Negative consequences of ribbon settlement are the blockage of
road due to unmanaged encroachment of a right of way constructing houses and shops,
delay in private and public transport that may result in development of ribbon settlement
along the road alignment. The impact will be moderate, local level and long term in nature.
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Social Conflicts due to change in community structures
108. The construction and operation of road will lead to increased quality of life, education,
healthcare facilities, infrastructure development etc. These activities can change the thinking
way of the local people which further changes in attitude and social norms. People may
leave their family in their villages to dwell near the new spots for economic incentives. This
will ultimately affect the traditional bonds, norms and functions of the family. This will also
cause impact on social and cultural transition. Furthermore, after the construction of road,
there will be influx of more people to the area from different parts with different ethnicity.
Hence, cultural mixing and conflicts among different cultural groups may occur. The impact
will be indirect, moderate, local and long term in nature.
Cultural conflicts due to immigration of peoples from outside area
109. Godavari area is one of the beautiful natural scenic areas in the Kathmandu valley
and nowadays people prefer the semi urban area for the hectic life in the city and
consciousness to their health. So the road joins the city and village area in shortest
distances so people may migrate towards semi urban and village area which leads into a
new cocktail of cultures. This change of culture may lead conflicts among the people living
from long time and immigrants. The impact will be indirect, moderate, local and long term in
nature.
Displacement of local and poor people by rich peoples from outside attracted due to
enhanced access
110. The immigration of people from outside might be attracted to the easy access and
easy accessible of natural resources such as clean air, water and scenic beauty of the
country side and settle there. Poor and marginalized people might attract to their money and
could easily sell their property for instant pleasure, which could displace them from the area
by losing their traditional limited property. The magnitude shall be low in extent shall be site
specific and the duration shall be long term.
Possible cultural invasion and social disputes
111. Influx of work force from different parts of the country may have different ethics,
cultural and religious background. This situation might increase the conflicts and violence
between workers themselves as well as between workers and locals. Thus, crime rate might
also be increased during construction stage. The magnitude shall be low the extent shall be
site specific and the duration shall be long term.
Increase problem in social security
112. The relative increase in the population increases the demand of basic needs like
food, drinking water, security, energy etc. There may be shortage of these basic things to
feed the large population. And moreover, increase in the population density of the site may
lead to different social or cultural disputes among them. This might increase crime rate in the
project area. The magnitude of impact envisages to be low, local and long term
Threat in cultural assets
113. The immigrants might have different cultural background than that of traditionally
living people of the area. The road corridor area consists of temple along its alignment. The
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immigrants might disrespect these cultural assets of the area and could damage the settings
of the temple. The impact is envisaged to be low, local and long term.
Impairment of cultural and historical monuments / areas
114. There are not any cultural, religious and archeologically significant monuments
located along the road alignment. Hence, the impact has not been evaluated.
6.2.2 Physical Issues
Construction Stage
Issues regarding route clearance
115. Due to the upgrading of the proposed road route clearance will be the primary
activity. Route clearance is the impact as imposed by the land use. So, the impact to the
route clearance is well presented in the land use change section.
Change in land use pattern of project affected areas
116. Due to the upgrading of the proposed road there will be change in land use mainly by
the conversion of 2.33 ha private land and 4.36 ha of public land (including 0.438 ha forest
land) into the road, and the degradation of road adjacent to the road corridors by disposing
spoils. The changes in land use will have impact on loss of agricultural land, which will
directly reduce the agricultural production. Similarly, there will be also some change in land
use due to expansion of roadside settlements like tea shops, temporary shops and labor
camps etc. The envisaged impact is long term, local in extent and medium in magnitude.
Landslides and erosion slope destabilization
117. Removal of vegetation and open cuts with exposed soil to rain may cause soil
erosion as well as landslide. As the road is an existing corridor, hill slopes will not be
disturbed by new cuttings of slope. There are no any major instability areas along the road
alignment. The likely impact is indirect, low, site specific and short term depending on cases.
Sedimentation
118. The construction of road including the quarry operation, spoil disposal, material
stockpiling, and campsite management will have adverse impact on the surface and sub-
surface hydrology of the project area. Several gullies will be affected due to project
construction. The primary impacts associated with surface hydrology are increased quick
runoff due to comparatively low infiltration rate of constructed and black-topped road as
compared to present condition. The ill management of materials resulted from improper
management of spoil will be washed away by the rainwater and produce significant amount
of sediment. The sediment will also have adverse impacts on the existing hydrological
condition of the area. The overall impact on hydrology will be moderate magnitude, regional
extent and short term in duration.
Solid waste disposal
119. Construction activities can generate many types of solid wastes. Mainly two types of
wastes: construction related solid waste and domestic waste will be generated during the
construction phase. These wastes might cause problem if not handled properly. The waste
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like debris, broken brick piece, sand, waste cement, domestic waste like organic food are
the major waste. The organic wastes are biodegradable and may decay to emit foul smell.
Besides, they may also attract rodents, flies and other insects which may result in further
health hazard among the people working at the construction sites and shanty settlement
around the sites. The magnitude of impact is moderate, local and of medium term.
Spoil disposal (construction and labor camp)
120. Earthwork is a major activity associated with road construction, which involves
excavation; cutting of slopes and formation of embankment, fresh cut invites landslides and
erosion during monsoon. Similarly, the excavated materials need to be disposed in a nearby
place. The inappropriate and unstable spoil disposal is the biggest environmental problem in
road construction particularly in hill ecological regions of Nepal. The common likely problems
from the inappropriate disposal of spoils are:
Gullying and erosion of spoil tips, especially when combined with unmanaged surface
water runoff,
Slope overloading and resultant failure and mass wasting,
Disruption of natural drainage pattern, causing scouring, erosion and landslide,
Damage and destruction of existing vegetation,
Damage to irrigation systems, drinking water schemes and crops through direct
deposition or indirectly as result of mass flow,
Water pollution and degradation of water quality.
121. The likely impact of earthwork excavation and disposal is direct, high level in
magnitude, site specific and short term nature.
Water pollution
122. The water quality data within the project area is not available. Nevertheless the
quality of water in the water bodies, within the project area appears to be fairly good, as is
proven by the fact that they are widely utilized for irrigation, and drinking for cattle without
any ill effect. Water from the roadside drain outlets may cause erosion and landslide
affecting the stability of the road. Natural drainage may get blocked due to construction of
road. The water quality in the project area appears to be fairly clean and not polluted. During
construction these water bodies may be polluted by spoil and construction wastes. The
impact will be direct, moderate, local, short term.
Noise pollution
123. The project area at present does not experience higher levels of noise pollution. The
project construction activities and mobility of people at the construction sites and camps is
the main source of noise. The labour based construction through greatly reduces the noise
level in the construction sites. During the construction period background noise level in and
around the site is expected to increase to about 50-60dBA. As the site is not with dense
settlement, the impact to human receptors (except for the construction workers) is
considered to be insignificant. The impact of road construction on the noise level will be
direct, moderate, local, short term.
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Air pollution
124. The water quality within the project area is not tested. Nevertheless, quality of water
in the water bodies within the project area appears to be fairly good as they are widely used
by households for drinking purpose. During construction, waterbodies may be polluted by
spoil and construction wastes, open defecation in natural streams by construction workers.
The impact will be direct, low, local, short term in nature.
Stockpiling of construction materials
125. Construction of roads needs variety of materials such as boulders, stones, earthen
materials, sand, cement, gabion weir etc. these materials may be stored and disposed
haphazardly. These non-degrading materials give an unaesthetic look of the disposal areas
and also pollute land by degrading its quality for agricultural & other vegetation growth. The
haphazard piling and disposal around the active construction sites also degrade the land
quality; decreases aesthetic beauty of the land and also cause sedimentation & erosion from
stock piling on adjoining lands at the event of rain and high runoff. Such storage if
unregulated is a concern of land pollution and aesthetics in and around the areas. The
envisaged impacts are direct, local, short term, high magnitude, and of moderate
significance.
Operation Stage
Reclamation of spoil disposal site
126. The spoil placement sites are the sites of poor land use value at present. With the
placement of the spoil, these sites could be rehabilitated to better land uses for community
such as recreational lands or lands for afforestation. Prior community consultation on this
regard is essential for a collective decision. The overall impact is positive direct, site specific,
long term, moderate magnitude.
Removal of labor camp/ construction camp
127. Left over materials and decommissioned materials of labour as well as construction
camp produces different categorical wastes such as corrugated sheets, bricks, stones, soil,
plastics, cardboard, tins, bottles that ultimately exert the pollution load in the area. If the
waste is not managed properly it will adversely affect the health and sanitation condition of
the area and degrade the aesthetics of the area. The overall impact is indirect, site specific,
short term, low magnitude.
Slope Instability
128. Destabilization of slope (quarrying stones or soil, cultivation, opening of branch
roads), poor maintenance of road, and blockage of drains can lead to slides and slope
failure. Sensitive areas for possible slope stability problems are the areas of steep cut; and
surroundings of streams. The impact will be direct, moderate, local and long term.
Impact regarding drainage management
129. The used lubricants of the vehicles, if disposed openly, will wash out to the surface
and percolate to subsurface water of the area. Various vehicular activities like spillage of
petroleum and lubricants, washing of vehicles, vehicular movement in the water surface etc
will also contribute to the water pollution. Other indirect activities of road operation,
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especially the increased activities of increased human population will especially be
responsible for the water pollution of the project area. The magnitude of water pollution in
the operation phase will be moderate; the extent is envisaged to be local and the duration to
be long.
Change in land use
130. Similarly, while maintaining RoW and maintenance activities, the land uses might be
change. Overall the vicinity area along the alignment might be converted in built up structure
following business house, residential and commercial area. The present land use somehow
change in the future after the operation of road. The magnitude of impact is high, local and
long term and the impact is direct.
Air and noise pollution
131. Operation of increased number of additional vehicles due to improved road can
cause air pollution and noise pollution. The noise of horns arising from vehicles can be a
nuisance at the sensitive spots like settlements and forest. Most of the road alignment
passes through a forest land, it itself acts as a shelter belt for noise and air dust so the
impact will be direct, of low significance, local and long-term in nature.
6.2.3 Biological Issues
Construction Stage
Issues regarding vegetation clearance (route clearance)
132. The issues imposed by the vegetation clearance are well explained in cutting of trees
and clearing of shrubs and herbs of the forest areas which eventually causes loss in
biodiversity of the project area section. 217 trees loss from CFs, NF and 76 Private trees will
be cut down.
Cutting of trees and clearing of shrubs and herbs of the forest areas which eventually
causes loss in biodiversity of the project area
133. 217 numbers of trees will be felled from CFs, National forest and religious forest and
76 trees from Private land need to be cut down. So in total 293 Trees need to be cut down.
However some of the trees can adjust while maintaining RoW. The impact will be confined to
the road alignment and thus will be local, direct, long-term and of high significance.
Issues on the protected species of flora and fauna
134. It is noted that Okhar and Lapsi is GoN protected tree species. There will be impact
on rare, endangered or vulnerable flora and fauna like Jackle, Rato Badar. The impact will
be indirect, medium, local and for long term.
Disturbances in wildlife activities and corridor of wildlife movements
135. The baseline databases reveal that the habitat area to be affected by the project is
not the core habitat area of the wildlife and vegetation communities. It represents the fringe
habitat and is already under the influence of the local communities. The overall impact is
indirect, site specific, short term, low magnitude.
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Fragmentation on existing ecosystem
136. The baseline databases reveal that the habitat area to be affected by the project is
not the core habitat area of the wildlife and vegetation communities. It represents the fringe
habitat and is already under the influence of the local communities. The overall impact is
indirect, site specific, short term, low magnitude.
Operation Stage
Impacts on forest resources
137. The pressure on forest and forest resources during operation phase will result
indirectly from the improved public/vehicular access to forest. The impacts include
accelerated logging, illegal extraction of timber and incidental forest fires, and the
introduction of invasive species (weeds, pests). These activities might increase due to easy
access of transportation. The impact will be medium, local and long-term.
Disturbances on the corridor of the wildlife movement
138. The road alignment is passes through parallel to the Godavari khola. It breaks a
landscape level connection between hills. As per the concern due to absence of core habitat
area the impact is considered insignificant for the operation of the road. The impact will be
indirect, low, local and short term in nature.
Possible illegal hunting and poaching of wildlife
139. Illegal hunting of wild-fauna by the temporary dwellers inside the forest area may
take place during operation and maintenance phase. Shooting of birds in the project area
may increase during the maintenance. The impact will be indirect, moderate, local and short
term in nature.
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7. ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS
140. Alternative analysis is considered as an integral as a part of an IEE study, which
involves an examination of alternative ways of achieving the objectives of a proposed
project. The alternative analysis for a road project constitutes the development of an
alternative transportation network for the enhancement of safe and faster connectivity of the
rural area to market centers and there by improve the economic conditions of the people
living in the zone of influence. The various possible alternatives are discussed in the
following sub-sectors.
7.1 No Action Option
141. This alternative assesses the consequences if the proposal is not implemented. An
earthen road currently exists, which is operable only in fair weather. The road connects a
remote and poverty ridden area with high potential in dairy, vegetable, tea and coffee
productions. People have been selling the products to the markets of Kathmandu Valley.
However, travel time and cost is high due to seasonal nature and earthen standard of the
existing road. Rehabilitation of the road will decrease the cost as well as provide better
access facility with enhanced opportunity for development of the area without any additional
significant adverse impacts. The no action option may avoid environmental impacts, but only
at the cost of poverty and under development of the area.
7.2 Proposal Alternatives
142. The proposed road is to be upgraded to enhance the access of local people and has
minimum adverse impacts on the environment. Therefore, the proposed road, which would
provide improved access to market centers through safe mode of transportation goods and
services produced within the area, would be the best option to serve the purposes of
transportation requirement and environmental conservation.
7.3 Alternative Design and Construction Approach
143. The conventional road construction is done by contractors with heavy machineries
and equipment, heavy concrete structures for retaining slopes. Construction work is done
manually by the local labour without using heavy machinery and explosives. Spoil disposal is
minimized through balance in cut and fill. Small engineering structures are used as far as
possible. Vegetation cover is maintained through application of re-plantation and stabilization
of slopes is achieved through bio-engineering. Using local manual labor helps to inject
money in local economy through the wages earned by the people. There will also be
ownership feeling among the community towards the road. The proposed road has been
designed considering combination of both the LEP approach for works possible through
manual labor (earth excavation, bio-engineering, gabion structures), and contractor-based
approaches for works that require mechanized applications (gravelling or construction of
RCC cross drainage structures).
7.4 Alternative Schedule
144. During the rainy season, the construction work will be stopped. Rehabilitation and
construction work will be carried out during the remaining months. The construction period is
more appropriate from October to June due to dry weather, and then the people are
generally free from farming activities.
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7.5 Alternative Resources
145. Stones and boulders for gabions and masonry are available in nearby quarries,
whereas fine aggregates like sand has to be transported from other location. The proposed
construction will optimally use the local labour force and local materials.
7.6 No Forest Alternative
146. This is existing track and proposed for rehabilitation and reconstruction. The road
already crossed seven CFs, NF and RF. The widening of the road to prescribed standard is
expected to affect a very narrow strip of forest at few shorter sections. Realignment of the
road to avoid forest area is expected to affect larger parcel of private land that increase
compensation and resettlement cost. Therefore no forest alternative has been considered for
this road sub-project. However, the use of forest land is limited to formation width only.
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8. BENEFIT AUGMENTATION AND MITIGATION MEASURE
147. Mitigation refers to the measures that are designed to cope with adverse
consequences and to enhance the positive impacts on the environment as a result of the
Sub-project implementation. An effective implementation of benefit maximization measures
and adverse impacts mitigation measures would optimize the benefits expected from the
Sub-project and avoid/minimize the adverse impact. The impacts that have been identified,
predicted and evaluated in Chapter 6 have following benefit enhancement and mitigation
measures.
8.1 Mitigation Measures during Pre-construction Phase
148. The mitigation measures adopted during design or pre-construction phases are
preventive in nature and have two basic objectives:
a. Avoiding costly mitigation measures, and
b. Increasing awareness amongst the stakeholders for environmental management of road
construction and operation.
8.1.1 Detailed Survey and Design
149. The road design has followed the rural road standards developed by DoLIDAR. The
works will be executed through National Competitive Bidding (NCB) package by the
contractors. Bio-engineering techniques will be applied for stabilization of slopes, which is
sustainable, environmental friendly and can be done by using local resources and
manpower. To improve the transport services for the people living along the road and link
local areas with the main market, acquisition of land would be required.
150. Relevant issues raised during public consultation have been addressed under
respective mitigation measures. Therefore, no separate mitigation measures are warranted
for the concerns raised by the local people.
8.2 Benefit Augmentation Measures
8.2.1 Socio-economic and Cultural Issues
Construction Stage
Employment opportunity
151. Life skill training will be given to uplift the socio-economic condition of the affected
people.
Increase income of local peoples through training
152. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.
Small scale enterprise development and business promotion
153. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.
Rent from land acquired temporarily during construction
154. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 54
Commercialization in agricultural products among local communities
155. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.
Increase the number of road side business
156. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.
Help to increase a tourism and eco-tourism opportunities
157. Flow of tourists due to easier accessibility to project area will contribute in the
enhancement of economic activities of the area which will increase the living condition of the
local people. Development of lodges, restaurants and hotels for the tourists will be rationally
supported.
Operation & Maintenance Stage
Increase an economic valuation of land of then project affected VDCs
158. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.
Reduced travel costs
159. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.
Mainstreaming of local culture and products
160. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.
Increase cost opportunity of local farmers for their agricultural products
161. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.
Employment of local people
162. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.
Market development opportunity
163. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.
Women empowerment
164. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.
Explore opportunities on horticultural crops / cash crops cultivation
165. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.
Opportunity for small scale Industrial development viz. cottage industries, poultry
farm, dairy farm, handicraft, eco-resort and lodge for tourism business and other
agricultural farm development (e.g. mushroom farming)
166. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.
Encourage to maintain temple present in project affected area such as Tikabhairav
temple and nearby cultural shrine.
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 55
167. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.
Dissemination of spiritual and religious values of different place that the local peoples
were adopted in project affected areas.
168. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.
8.3 Adverse Issues/Impacts Mitigation Measures
169. The likely adverse impacts during upgrading and subsequent operation and
maintenance in terms of physical, biological, socioeconomic, cultural and religious aspects
due to project actions were identified, predicted and evaluated. Based on the identified
impacts, appropriate mitigation measures shall be recommended.
8.3.1 Socio-economic and Cultural Impacts Mitigation Measures
Construction Stage
Issues of land and property acquisition and resettlements and population
displacement
170. Mitigation measures will be as follows:
Compensation for loss of property,
Compensation for loss of standing crops and temporary use in agriculture land,
Plantation of trees along the both sides of road to act as dust and noise barrier,
Support in agriculture extension to increase productivity.
Compensation of NRs 84382,947.54 against loss of land will be provided.
Impacts due to loss of structures/infrastructures existing in RoW of proposed road
171. Compensation will be provided as per the resettlement plan to the affected person for
the displacement of houses and other structures. NRs 18,861,852.57 will be given as the
compensatory cost for private properties and NRS 6,993,741.89 will be given as the
compensatory cost for public properties.
Pressures on social service facilities such as water, electricity, open ground etc.
172. The project will manage the additional required social services coordinating with the
local stakeholders and Municipality officials of the affected wards.
Employment Loss
173. Project will give the priority to the daily wages labour of the affected wards as far as
possible depending upon their skill. This will certainly ensure their job guarantee in the
project.
Work force camp operation
174. The mitigation measures resulting from the campsite management include site
selection away from residential/settlement area, separate water supply and separate supply
of daily commodities, proper toilet and sanitary facilities with their within the campsite,
restriction on workers for night time activities, and routine health check-ups. A written
permission shall be obtained from the respective owners or stakeholders before the
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 56
campsite is placed in the area. The campsite will be restored to original land use condition
after the use of the area is over.
Cutting, filling and drain scouring
175. Lined drains in the settlement areas need to be constructed and the drains should be
link with the main drains outlets consulting the local people to avoid the scouring. The major
construction activities will not be coincided with the rainy season. The drainage improvement
work shall be performed as per the design. The proper bio-engineering work on the
embankment slopes anchors the vulnerable area.
Construction hazard such as landslide, slope failure and spoil disposal
176. Make mandatory the use of helmets, safety belts, masks, gloves and boot by workers
depending on nature of work, first aid facilities at sites and camp with training to use them;
provide group accidental insurance for workers. Awareness generation to local people and
installation of sign board in the vulnerable area.
Social Conflict and disputes
177. Support awareness raising programs and strengthen communities against such
nuisances.
Occupational health and safety
178. Make mandatory the use of helmets, safety belts, masks, gloves and boot by workers
depending on nature of work; sprinkle water at high dust sites; provide clean drinking water
at sites and camp; pit toilets at sites and camp; first aid facilities at sites and camp with
training to use them; provide group accidental insurance for workers. Awareness generation
to local people and workers on HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases.
Operation Stage
Road Safety and possible accidents
179. During road operation, there are likely chances of accidents. The mitigation
measures adopted will be:
Appropriate spoil disposal sites should be identified and utilize
Applying appropriate road safety measure
Applying appropriate road safety measures with the help of 3-Es i.e. Engineering,
Enforcement and Education
Enforcement is usually made through traffic laws, regulation and controls like restriction
on vehicle speed
Education is done by sufficient publicity and awareness raising programs. It aims at
improving the human factor in traffic performance.
Engineering phase is the one which is constructive. It deals with improvement of road
geometrics, providing additional road facilities and installation of suitably designed traffic
control devices.
Required safety signs will be used along the road.
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 57
RoW Encroachment
180. There will be chances of growing ribbon settlements along the road during operation
phase and encroachment of RoW. The following mitigation measures will be adopted:
Awareness raising programme through local organizations to plan proper settlements
Regulate settlement growth with proper land use planning/zoning along RoW
Co-ordinate with the local authority to maintain good shape of RoW ensuring no
encroachment.
Population pressure and impact due to new settlements along the road alignment and
possible ribbon settlements development
181. There will be chances of growing ribbon settlements along the road during operation
phase. This may cause congestion to road users and invite accidents. The following
mitigation measures will be adopted:
Awareness raising programme through local organizations to plan proper settlements
Regulate settlement growth with proper land use planning/zoning along RoW
Plantation of trees along the road.
Social and Cultural Conflicts due to change in community structures
182. The mitigation measures recommended will be facilitating awareness raising
programmes to the communities about negative social behavior like gambling, excess use of
alcohol.
Displacement of local and poor people by rich peoples from outside attracted due to
enhanced access
183. Affected wards will coordinate to the DCC on discouraging the selling of land less
than 1 ropani in the project area.
Possible cultural invasion and social disputes
184. The mitigation measures recommended will be facilitating awareness raising
programmes to the communities about negative social behavior like gambling, excess use of
alcohol etc.
Increase problem in social security
185. The mitigation measures recommended will be facilitating awareness raising
programmes to the communities about negative social behavior like gambling, excess use of
alcohol etc.
Threat in cultural assets
186. The mitigation measures recommended will be facilitating awareness raising
programmes to the communities to respect the various cultures and tradition and local
authority is informed to conduct special kind of harmony programme to maintain special
cultural bond between diversity of culture.
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 58
8.3.2 Physical Issues
Construction Stage
Change in land use pattern of project affected areas.
187. There will be no mitigation measures for the permanent loss of agricultural, forest
land. However, following mitigation measures will be adopted to compensate the loss of land
into built up area:
Applying additional protective measures (bio-engineering and retaining structure) that the
remaining land will not be lost due to erosion.
Minimize use of fertile agriculture land and forest areas, private properties.
Roadside plantation of trees will be done to increase greenery in the area.
During re-vegetation, local species identified during the survey will be used.
The spoil site will be stabilized with bio-engineering.
Landslides and erosion slope destabilization
188. The mitigation measures will be balance cut and fill; ensuring minimum cut slope
depending upon the soil type; Re-vegetation of Lajavati (Mimosa pudica), Dubo (Cynodon
dactylon), Sisnu (Urtica dioca), Titepati (Artemisia indica), Bamboo (Bambussa tulda), Utis
(Alnus nepalensis), Kadam (Anthocephalus chinensis) and others will be planted on the
exposed areas; adoption of bio-engineering techniques; no construction work during rainy
season; and use of simple engineering structures (dry wall, check dams) before disposing
spoil.
Sedimentation
189. The road will have some adverse impact on hydrology of the project area throughout
its operation period. The project shall regularly maintain structural and bio-engineering
measures in cut slope to mitigate the sedimentation impact of the area. Plantation of trees
on backfill area of retention structures and retaining structures shall be commenced to
minimize the sedimentation in nearby river bodies located or crossing road such Godavari
Khola, Nallu Khola, Bhardeu, Nalllu Khola and Kodku. The roadside drains shall be regularly
maintained so that they remain operational.
Solid waste disposal
190. During the construction considerable quantity of construction waste such as plastic,
earth, debris, broken brick piece, sand, waste cement, domestic waste like organic food etc.
will be generated. Separate bins with different coding colors for categorical waste will be
provided for the workers. Solid waste generated during construction phase will be separated
and reused as far as possible. Some of the items like packing materials, left over
reinforcement bars will be sold to scrap dealers. Other collected waste will be appropriately
disposed with coordinating the municipal authority.
Spoil disposal (construction and labor camp)
191. Spoil will be safely disposed and managed at designated site with minimum
environmental damage. Top soils will be separated and used in agricultural land. Engineer
will give approval for disposal site of spoil. Balanced cut and fill and reuse of excavated
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 59
materials will be given emphasis. Spoil will be used to reclaim land or eroded areas.
Disposal site will be provided with proper drainage, vegetation and adequate protection
against erosion. Potential safe spoil management areas are in the chainage section 0+980,
5+900, 6+900, 13+600. Total 147,831.62 m3 volume of spoil will be generated.
192. 20696.4268 m3 at ch 0+980, 54697.6994 m3 at ch 5+900, 22174.743 m3 at ch 6+900
and 50262.7508 m3 spoil at 13+600 will be done for the management of spoil. However
separate spoil disposal plan will be prepared before the implementation of the sub-project.
Water pollution
193. The mitigation measures will be to provide adequate numbers of drainage structures
in order to have minimum interference with natural drainage pattern of the area; channelize
surface water discharge from side drains; do not block or divert water away from natural
watercourse.
Noise pollution
Provision of ear plugs to the construction workforce working in noisy area
Restriction on the noise producing activities at the night time zone.
Air pollution
Water sprinkling in the site in regular interval.
Stockpiling of construction materials
194. Haphazard storage of construction in all areas (camps and construction sites) will be
strictly prohibited and only be stored in designated area far away from the agriculture land
and water bodies.
Operation Stage
Reclamation of spoil disposal site
195. The sites will be developed into better land use in consultation with local
communities.
Labor camp/construction camp
196. The mitigation measure wll be reuse and safe disposal of decommissioned waste.
Issues regarding Slope Instability
197. The mitigation measures to be adopted include immediate clearance of slides;
provide breast wall, retaining wall and restoration of slopes. Besides, restoration of rill and
gully formation, time to time clearance of drainages and soil conservation practices need to
ensure for slope stabilization.
Issues regarding drainage management
198. The water of the project area is envisaged to be polluted during the operation period
of the road. The road side drains shall be maintained to be operational so that drainage
condition do not produce large amount of sediment runoff. The local people, especially
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 60
youths will be supported to raise the awareness so that people do not drain the polluted
water to the roadside drainage that ultimately drains out to the natural sources of water. The
project shall support the local people to declare the project area free from the open fecal
materials. The impact of this kind will be direct, low, local and long term.
Change in land use
199. The project affected wards shall co-ordinate with the local stakeholders and DCC to
control the haphazard commercialization and unplanned housing in the concerned
Municipality aiming to control the existing land use practices.
Air and noise pollution
200. To mitigate the adverse impact of road on the air quality during its operation phase,
the road condition will be regularly maintained and the vehicles that pass the emission test
as per the national standards shall be used to operate in the road. Provision of sign board to
restrict horn on sensitive area such as health centers, schools etc.
8.3.3 Biological Issues
Construction Stage
Cutting of trees and clearing of shrubs and herbs of the forest areas which eventually
cause loss in biodiversity of the project area
201. The following activities are proposed to cut the trees from the forest area during the
road construction.
Forest clearance approval will be obtained from the DFO and MoFSC.
Government procedures such as counting the number of trees to be felled, marking and
measuring wood quantity etc. will be followed.
202. According to the Government of Nepal (2071/01/12 BS): Standard for Removing
Government Trees, 2071 BS and Working Procedure to Use National Forest area for
National Priority Projects, 2074 BS, the sub-project has to carry out plantation (with
protection for five years) or pay for the plantation and protection cost to the District Forest
Office.Total 217 trees need to be cut down from Community forest, Religious forest and
National forest. So, in total 5,425 seedlings have to be planted for compensatory plantation
with estimated cost of NRs 889,971.00 as given in Annex VII A. This cost will be provided to
CFUGs through DFO. Location and type of species for the plantation will be selected by the
CFUGs/DFO. However, emphasis will be given to local, multiple use species.The forest
products from the forest will be used by CFUGs. Likewise, for the 76 trees to be cut down
from the private land, at the ratio of 1:1 trees will be done by the sub-project or the seedling
and plantation cost of NRs 5,160.4 as given in Annex VII B. For the plantation, total
estimated cost is NRs 895,131.40. Calculation of per plant plantation cost in community
forest and private land is given in Annex VII C & D. For the compensatory plantation in CF
and private land, compensatory plantation cost, sample agreement between DFO, CFUG
and DCC/DTO has been attached in Annex VII E. Similalry compensatory plan and the road
side plantation plan and plantation in private land have been given in Annex VII F.
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 61
Issues on the protected species of flora and fauna
203. Wildlife irrespective of common species will be protected and minimum or no damage
strategy will be adopted to conserve the species. Moreover, the awareness raising program
will generate the protection ethics of protected flora and fauna.
Disturbances in wildlife activities and corridor of wildlife movements
204. The envisaged impact is residual impact of the project. No mitigation measures will
be implemented since the impact significance is low or insignificant.
Fragmentation on existing ecosystem
205. The envisaged impact is residual impact of the project. No mitigation measures will
be implemented since the impact significance is low or insignificant.
Operation Stage
Depletion of forest resources
206. District Road office will coordinate with DFO in raising awareness to control
accelerated logging, illegal extraction of timber and NTFPs. The cost for awareness raising
training is NRs. 100,000.00.
Disturbances on the corridor of the wildlife movement
207. No mitigation measure is proposed.
Possible illegal hunting and poaching of wildlife
208. There may occur illegal hunting during construction period by building group
members andproject staff. The following mitigation measures will be adopted:
Restriction to work during night time
Restriction to wildlife harassment by the workers
Coordination with DFO and CFUGs to control the activities like illegal hunting and
poaching of wild fauna, especially listed in CITES and IUCN red data book by enforcing
acts and regulations strictly.
The project will launch wildlife conservation awareness program and awareness board
installation in critical places.
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 62
9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
209. The environmental management plan (EMP) is prepared to guide the implementation
of mitigation measures and monitoring requirements. It includes institutions and their roles,
environmental management activities, environmental management organizational structure
and budget for mitigation measures.
9.1 Institutions and Their Roles
210. Different institutions involved in the IEE and EMP implementation and roles of these
institutions are given in Table 26. The environmental management organizational structure
is given in Figure 13.
Table 26: Institutions and Their Roles
Institution Role Responsibility in The
Project
Remarks
Ministry of
Federal Affairs
and Local
Development
Executive agency and
concerned IEE approval
authority as per EPA/EPR.
To review and approve
TOR for IEE and IEE
report, Conduct
environmental
monitoring from central
level.
Executing
agency
Department of
Local
Infrastructure
Development
and Agricultural
Roads
(DOLIDAR)
Responsible to execute
infrastructure projects
under MoFALD. Provides
backup support to DCCs in
technical matters through
DTO.
Overall coordination
and supervision of the
RRRSDP-2 in central
level.
It also supports DCCs
through DTOs to
implement the project
activities.
Executing
Agency
RRRSDP-
Project
Coordination
Unit
Project specific unit. Technical Unit to
support and coordinate
all activities for
implementation of
RRRSDP. Review,
comment, and forward
IEE ToR and Report
for review and
approval to MoFALD
through DCCs.
Project unit at
national level
District
Coordination
Committee
(DCC) / District
Technical Office
(DTO)
DCC/DTO is Project
Implementing Agency. Prepare IEE ToR and
submit for approval to
MoFALD Conduct IEE
Study, Public
Consultation, and
prepare IEE Report
Receive comments
Implementation
unit
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 64
9.2 Implementation of benefit augmentation and mitigation measures
211. The DCC/DTO will be responsible for the implementation of benefit augmentation
and mitigation measures proposed in Chapter 8 Various agencies including PCU, local
bodies and concerned governmental line agencies will support DCC/DTO for the
implementation of mitigation measures. The detail action plan for activities to be carried out
to augment beneficial impacts and reduce/mitigate adverse impact produced from the
implementation of the proposal, and the responsible implementing and supporting agencies
are provided in environmental management plan is presented in Tables 27 and 28.
Table 27: Likely Beneficial Impacts and Proposed Enhancement Measures
Benefical Impact Impact
Ranking
Status
Benefit Augmentation Measures Responsibility for
Enhancement
Measure
Socio-economic (Construction phase)
Employment
opportunity(15,529
skilled and 53,822
unskilled person/day)
SG 45 Life skill training to uplift the socio-
economic condition.
Project, Contractor
Increase income of
local peoples through
training
VS 85 No benefit augmentation measures
are planned for this.
Project, Contractor
Small scale enterprise
development and
business promotion
VS85 No benefit augmentation measures
are planned for this.
Project, Contractor,
local people
Rent from land
acquired temporarily
during construction
SG 45 No benefit augmentation measures
are planned for this.
Project, Contractor
Commercialization in
agricultural products
among local
communities
SG 60 No benefit augmentation measures
are planned for this.
Project, Contractor,
local people
Increase the number
of road side business
ISG 40 No benefit augmentation measures
are planned for this.
Project, Contractor,
local people
Help to increase a
tourism and eco-
tourism opportunities
VS 100 Development of lodges, restaurants
and hotels for the tourists will be
supported.
Project, Contractor,
local people
Socio-economic (Operation phase)
Increase an economic
valuation of land
SG 60 No benefit augmentation measures
are planned for this.
Project, local
people
Reduced travel costs VS 100 No benefit augmentation measures
are planned for this.
DCC, Local, Private
Sector
Mainstreaming of local
culture and products
VS 100 No benefit augmentation measures
are planned for this.
DCC, Project, local
people, NGOs
Increase cost
opportunity of local
farmers for their
VS 100 No benefit augmentation measures
are planned for this.
Local people,
NGOs
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 65
Benefical Impact Impact
Ranking
Status
Benefit Augmentation Measures Responsibility for
Enhancement
Measure
agricultural products
Employment of local
people
VS 85 No benefit augmentation measures
are planned for this.
Project, DCC,
Private Sector,
NGOs
Market development
opportunity
VS 100 No benefit augmentation measures
are planned for this.
Project, DCC,
Private Sector,
NGOs
Women empowerment SG 100 No benefit augmentation measures
are planned for this.
Project, DCC,
Private Sector,
NGOs
Explore opportunities
on horticultural crops /
cash crops cultivation
SG 60 No benefit augmentation measures
are planned for this.
DCC, local people
Opportunity for small
scale Industrial
development
SG50 No benefit augmentation measures
are planned for this.
Project, DCC,
Private Sector,
NGOs
Encourage to maintain
temple present in
project affected area
VS 100 No benefit augmentation measures
are planned for this.
Project, DCC
Dissemination of
spiritual and religious
values of different
place
SG50 No benefit augmentation measures
are planned for this.
Project, DCC
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 66
Table 28: Adverse Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures
Impact Impact
Ranking
Status
Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Adverse
Measures
Responsible
Executing
agency
Relevant
Supporting
Agency
Socio-economic and Cultural Environment
(Construction Stage)
Issues of land
acquisition (9.74 ha
of land need for
implementation of
project, 5.38 ha under
private ownership in
which 3.05 ha is
already occupied by
the existing road and
2.33 ha land of new
private land as new
cutting and 4.36 ha
land from public land
VS 75 Compensation of
NRs 84,382,947.54
will be provided
against the loss of
land.
Project Proponent/Co
nsultant
Impacts due to loss of
structures/infrastructu
res existing in RoW of
proposed road (loss
of 124 private
structure and 6 public
structure)
VS 75 As per the
Resettlement Plan
Compensation of
NRS 25,855,594.46
will be provided.
Project Proponent/Co
nsultant
Pressures on social
service facilities such
as water, electricity,
open ground,
grassland etc.
ISG 25 Manage the
additional required
social services
coordinating with the
local stakeholders
and municipality
officials.
Project Proponent/Co
nsultant
Employment Loss ISG 25 Priority to the daily
wages labour of the
affected wards for the
employment
opporyunities
depending upon their
skill.
Project Proponent/Co
nsultant
Workforce camp
operation
SG 50 Site selection away
from
residential/settlement
area, proper toilet
Contractor Proponent/Co
nsultant
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 67
Impact Impact
Ranking
Status
Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Adverse
Measures
Responsible
Executing
agency
Relevant
Supporting
Agency
and sanitary facilities
within the campsite,
restriction on workers
for night time
activities, and routine
health check-ups. A
written permission
shall be obtained
from the respective
owners or
stakeholders before
the campsite is
placed in the area.
Cutting, filling and
drain scouring
ISG 35 Construction of lined
drains and linkage to
main drains outlets,
construction activities
will not be coincided
with the rainy
season. The
drainage
improvement work
shall be performed as
per the design and
proper bio-
engineering work on
the embankment
slopes.
Contractor Proponent/Co
nsultant
Construction hazard
such as landslide,
slope failure and spoil
disposal
VS 75 Use of helmets,
safety belts, masks,
gloves and boot by
workers, first aid
facilities at sites and
provide group
accidental insurance
for workers.
Awareness
generation to local
people and
installation of sign
board in the
vulnerable area
Project /
Contractor
Proponent/Co
nsultant
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 68
Impact Impact
Ranking
Status
Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Adverse
Measures
Responsible
Executing
agency
Relevant
Supporting
Agency
Social Conflict and
disputes
SG 45 Support awareness
raising programs and
strengthen
communities
Project Proponent/Co
nsultant
Occupational health
and safety
VS 75 Mandatory use of
helmets, safety belts,
masks, gloves and
boot by workers
depending on nature
of work; sprinkle
water at high dust
sites; provide clean
drinking water at
sites and camp; pit
toilets at sites and
camp; first aid
facilities at sites and
camp with training to
use them; provide
group accidental
insurance for
workers. Awareness
generation to local
people and workers
on HIV/AIDS and
other communicable
diseases
Project /
Contractor
Proponent/Co
nsultant
Socio-economic and Cultural Environment (Operation
Stage)
Road Safety and
possible accidents
SG 60 Appropriate spoil
disposal sites, road
safety measures with
the help of
Engineering,
Enforcement and
Education, controls
like restriction on
vehicle speed, safety
signs will be used
along the road
Project Proponent/Co
nsultant
RoW Encroachment SG 60 Awareness raising
programme through
Project /
Contractor
Proponent/Co
nsultant
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 69
Impact Impact
Ranking
Status
Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Adverse
Measures
Responsible
Executing
agency
Relevant
Supporting
Agency
local organizations to
plan proper
settlements and
regulate settlement
growth with proper
planning and
maintenance of RoW
by local authority etc.
Population pressure
and impact due to
new settlements
along the road
alignment and
possible ribbon
settlements
development
SG 60 Awareness raising
programme,
Regulate settlement
growth with proper
land use
planning/zoning
along RoW,
Plantation of trees
along the road.
Project Proponent/Co
nsultant
Social and cultural
Conflicts due to
change in community
structures
SG 60 Awareness raising
programmes to the
communities about
negative social
behavior like
gambling, excess use
of alcohol.
Project Proponent/Co
nsultant
Displacement of local
and poor people by
rich peoples from
outside attracted due
to enhanced access
ISG 40 Affected area will
coordinate to the
DCC on discourage
the selling land less
than 1 ropani in the
project area.
Project /
Proponent
Proponent/Co
nsultant
Possible cultural
invasion and social
disputes
ISG 40 Awareness raising
programmes to the
communities about
negative social
behavior.
Project Proponent/Co
nsultant
Increase problem in
social security
SG 50 Awareness raising
programmes to the
communities about
negative social
behavior.
Project Proponent/Co
nsultant
Threat in cultural
assets
SG 50 Awareness raising
programmes to the
Project Proponent/Co
nsultant
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 70
Impact Impact
Ranking
Status
Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Adverse
Measures
Responsible
Executing
agency
Relevant
Supporting
Agency
communities,
conduct special kind
of harmony
programme to
maintain special
bond between
diversity of culture.
Physical Environment (Construction)
Change in land use
pattern of project
affected areas.
SG 60 Minimum use of
fertilizer.
Applying additional
protective measures
(bio-engineering and
retaining structure)
that the remaining
land will not be lost
due to erosion.
Roadside plantation
of trees will be done
to increase greenery
in the area.
During re-vegetation,
local species
identified during the
survey will be used.
The spoil site will be
stabilized with bio-
engineering.
Project /
Contractor
Proponent/Co
nsultant
Landslides and
Erosion slope
destabilization
ISG25 balance cut and fill;
minimum cut slope;
Re-vegetation of
exposed areas;
adoption of bio-
engineering
techniques; no
construction work
during rainy season;
and use of simple
engineering
structures (dry wall,
check dams) before
Project /
Contractor
Proponent/Co
nsultant
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 71
Impact Impact
Ranking
Status
Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Adverse
Measures
Responsible
Executing
agency
Relevant
Supporting
Agency
disposing spoil.
Sedimentation VS85 Structural and bio-
engineering
measures like
retention and
retaining walls shall
be commenced.
Project /
Contractor
Proponent/Co
nsultant
Solid waste
production and
disposal
SG 50 Separate bins with
color code for
categorical waste will
be provided for the
workers. Solid waste
generated will be
separated and
reused, left over
reinforcement bars
will be sold to scrap
dealers.
Project /
Contractor
Proponent/Co
nsultant
Spoil disposal VS75 Safe spoil disposal
and management of
total 147,831.62 m3
at designated site at
the ch. 0+980,
5+900, 6+900 and
13+600 with
minimum
environmental
damage.
Contractor Proponent/Co
nsultant
Water pollution SG45 Channelize surface
water discharge from
side drains; do not
block or divert water
away from natural
watercourse.
Project /
Contractor
Proponent/Co
nsultant
Noise Pollution SG 45 Provision of ear plugs
and restriction on the
noise producing
activities at the night
time zone.
Project /
Contractor
Proponent/Co
nsultant
Air Pollution SG 35 Water sprinkling in
the site in regular
interval
Project /
Contractor
Proponent/Co
nsultant
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 72
Impact Impact
Ranking
Status
Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Adverse
Measures
Responsible
Executing
agency
Relevant
Supporting
Agency
Stockpiling of
construction materials
VS85 The stockpiling site
will be made far from
the agriculture land
and water bodies.
Construction material
will be covered with
tarpaulin during
stockpiling to prevent
from rain water and
dust emission.
Contractor Proponent/Co
nsultant
Physical Environment (Operation and Maintenance)
Reclamation of spoil
disposal site
SG 50 developed into better
land use in
consultation with
local
Project /
Contractor
Proponent/Co
nsultant
Removal of labor
camp/ construction
camp
ISG 25 Reuse and safe
disposal of
decommissioned
waste
Project /
Contractor
Proponent/Co
nsultant
Issues regarding
Slope Instability
SG 60 Immediate clearance
of slides, provide
breast wall, retaining
wall and restoration
of slopes. time to
time clearance of
drainages and soil
conservation
practices
Project Proponent/Co
nsultant
Issues regarding
drainage
management
SG 60 road side drains shall
be maintained
support the local
people to declare the
project area free from
the open fecal
materials
Project Proponent/Co
nsultant
Change in land use VS 100 Municipality shall co-
ordinate with the
local stakeholders
and DCC to control
the haphazard
commercialization
and unplanned
Municipality DCC/Consulta
nt/Local NGOs
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 73
Impact Impact
Ranking
Status
Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Adverse
Measures
Responsible
Executing
agency
Relevant
Supporting
Agency
housing
Air and noise
pollution
SG 50 No horn signals will
be added near the
settlement and forest
area as per the need,
all parties will be
made to follow the
code of conduct
Project /
Contractor
Proponent/Co
nsultant
Biological Environment (Construction phase)
Cutting of trees and
clearing of shrubs
and herbs of the
forest areas which
eventually causes
loss of habitat of
biodiversity in project
area
VS 100 Total NRs.
895,131.40 will be
compensated for
trees lost by
plantation of 5425
plants at the ratio of
1:25 and take
responsibility to
protect for 5 years
for CFs, NF and RF
and 76 plants for
private trees at the
ratio of 1:1.
CFUGs/
DTO/DFO
DFO/PCU
Issues on the
protected species of
flora and fauna
SG 60 Minimum damage to
the protected species
of plants and
awareness among
the workers and
dwellers
Contractor DFO/
DTO/CFUGs
Disturbances in
wildlife activities and
corridor of wildlife
movements
ISG 25 Residual Impact
Biological Environment (Operation phase)
Impacts on forest
resources
SG 60 NRs. 100,000.00 for
Raising awareness to
control accelerated
logging, illegal
extraction of timber
and NTFPs.
Municipality DFO/CFUGs
Disturbances on the
corridor of the wildlife
movement
ISG 35 Residual Impact Municipality DFO/CFUGs
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 74
Impact Impact
Ranking
Status
Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Adverse
Measures
Responsible
Executing
agency
Relevant
Supporting
Agency
Possible illegal
hunting and poaching
of wildlife
SG 45 Least disturbance to
the wildlife and birds,
restriction to work
during night time and
wildlife harassment,
coordination with
DFO and CFUGs.
The project will
launch wildlife
conservation
awareness program
and awareness board
installation in critical
zones.
Municipality DFO/CFUGs
Note:
Magnitude H= High (60) M= Moderate(20) Low (depending on the scale or severity of change.)(10)
Extent R= Regional(60) LC= Local(20) SS= Site specific (10)
Duration LT= Long term (more than 20 years)(20) MT= Medium term (3-20 years)(10)
ST= Short term (less than 3 years)(5)
Impact upto 44; insignificance (INS) 45-74; significance(S) 75 or greater; very significance (VS)
9.3 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Activities
212. As part of EMP, reports are needed to be produced at regular time intervals by the
EMP compliance monitoring team (Supervision Consultant). The trimester EMP compliance
reports will be prepared and submitted by the consultant to the client.
213. The agreement/contract document will categorically include provision of
environmental protection, health and safety, waste management and other environmental
mitigation measures identified during the IEE Study. It will spell out clearly that measures
that will be taken in case on non-compliance. This will make them comply with the
provisions. Supervision team of proponent will regularly monitor the construction activities
and project coordination office at central level will conduct Environmental Audit of the sub-
project.
214. This EMP also makes the provision of for a set of monitoring activities that are
designed to ensure the effectiveness of the proposed management. The monitoring activities
will also help to improve/maintain an environmentally and socially sound and acceptable
level once the project has been constructed and becomes fully operational.
9.4 Matters to be Monitored while Implementing the Proposal
215. Monitoring of the implementation of environmental protection measures provides a
basis for logical comparison for the predicted and actual impacts of a proposal.
Environmental monitoring will involve the systematic collection of data to determine the
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 75
actual environmental impacts of the sub-project, compliance of the sub-project with
regulatory standards, and the degree of implementation and effectiveness of the
environmental protection. Monitoring will be an integral part of the implementation of the
mitigation measures during project construction, and will generate important information. It
will improve the quality of sub-project implementation.
216. The national EIA guidelines (1993) and EPR, 1997 require monitoring plans and
indicators, schedules and responsibility to be identified in the IEE report. The national EIA
Guidelines of 1993, the EIA guidelines for the Forestry Sector of 1995 propose three stages
for monitoring. They are baseline monitoring, compliance monitoring and impact monitoring.
9.4.1 Baseline Monitoring
217. Sometimes, this monitoring referred as pre-audit study, is to know the pre-project
baseline condition of the environmental parameters. It is the survey that documents detail
information on the pre-project conditions of physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural
resources. In general, it is done to know if there is a significant time lapse between the
preparation of the IEE report and the construction stage or the change in environmental
quality is noticeable. This project will proceed for construction immediately after the approval
of this IEE report and hence, baseline monitoring is not required for the proposed project.
9.4.2 Compliance Monitoring
218. This monitoring is carried out to know the implementation status of environmental
requirements as documented in EA report, and they should be complied with during pre-
construction, construction and operation stages of the project as appropriate. It employs
periodic sampling or continuous recording of certain parameters, and ensures
implementation of any conditions set-forth during EA report approval. Compliance with
conditions may differ to the proponent or other organizations and individuals. This monitoring
is not concerned with determining the actual effect of the project activities on the
environment. This encourages the proponent and other stakeholders to implement what has
been proposed for in EA report or the conditions issued during the approval process.
Indicators of the compliance may differ from project to project and location to location.
219. Although, environmental monitoring is not the responsibility of the proponent, under
the existing environmental laws, the project has included the monitoring for the compliance
of the technical specification as an in-built practice. The agencies responsible for monitoring
should ensure compliance of activities such as inclusion of mitigation measures in the design
and tender documents, budget allocation for mitigation measures and monitoring and spoil
disposal sites, storage procedure, arrangement of construction activities, sprinkling of water
to arrest dust at regular or intermittent interval and so on.
9.4.3 Impact Monitoring
220. This monitoring detects environmental changes and estimates inherent variation
within the environment, establishes long term trends in the natural system, and derives
conclusions by making comparison against a standard or target. Impact monitoring is
generally carried out to access the effectiveness of the environmental mitigation measures
and provides actual levels of impacts in the field. Hence, impact monitoring evaluation study
is proposed by the end of the project construction phase or within two years of project
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 76
implementation. Impact monitoring will focus on each predicted impact and effectiveness of
environmental protection measures.
9.4.4 Monitoring Parameters
Pre-construction Phase
221. During this phase the consultant bear the main responsibility in ensuring that the
environmental and social safeguard considerations are adequately incorporated in the
project design and that the respective clauses to address the identified impacts are
sufficiently included in the specifications and work contracts. The consultants’ environmental specialists shall conduct, during the initial survey, a baseline monitoring with respect to the
prevailing physically and biological parameters. The consultants’ social specialists shall conduct a baseline monitoring on the prevailing social setting.
Construction Phase
222. In this phase the monitoring focuses on the impacts on the environmental and social
setting caused by the ongoing project. This monitoring checks compliance with the practices,
norms, standards and technical solutions prescribed in the design and in the EMP. It
specifically controls whether the environmental code of practice is adequately applied in all
works, and if the management practices are satisfactory with respect to the prescribed
requirements. Besides, the monitoring tasks will be to carry out a set of activities that will
monitor the direct and indirect effects on the bio-physical and social environment as caused
by the project. The data obtained will be presented in the required reporting format and will
be entered in the project’s baseline data bank. The specific monitoring tasks will include
223. Collecting of data that identify, qualify and quantify distinct impacts on certain
receptors (soils, water, air, noise, habitats, species, local communities, services and utilities)
and conduct a cause-effect analysis;
Verify and quantify the ongoing slope protection measures, and propose rectifying
measures as needed;
Verify and quantify the effects of disposal of spoil and construction wastes and their
consequences;
Monitor, by utilizing structures checklists and questionnaire, the LRUG/RBGs’ full compliance with the health and safety measures for the work staff;
Verify and quantify the effects of losses in wildlife, degradation of forests, illegal
extraction of forest products, hunting, destructive fishing, wildlife trade and disturbance to
wildlife;
Verify the occupational health facilities in construction camps;
Operation Phase
224. During this phase, the following parameters will be monitored over a period specified
in the consultant’s contract and ToR. The respective findings are, as applicable, to be stored
in the database, and that the prescribed reporting formats are observed. The specific
monitoring tasks in this project phase will include
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 77
Assess changes in land-use patterns, development of cottage industries, services and
demographic composition that may be caused by the access development;
Verify and quantify the occurrence of settlement within ROW of road, resulting in
encroachment and hindrance of traffic on the road;
Verify all activities for decommissioning work sites and rehabilitation to their former
functional stage, as applicable.
Verify and quantify the adequacy of the executed slope protection and erosion control;
Verify and quantify the courses of any environmental degradation caused by project
activities, their likely consequences, and propose corrective measures, including the
identification of responsibilities and costs;
Monitor, by utilizing structured checklists and questionnaires, accidents in the road,
identifying causes and develop corrective measures;
Verify and quantify the effects of losses in wildlife, degradation of forests,
induced/accelerated logging, illegal extraction of forest products, hunting, wildlife trade
and disturbance to wildlife and aquatic life.
9.4.5 Monitoring Indicators
225. Monitoring will be carried out by using established indicators. To ensure that the
monitored parameters are replicable i.e. do not depend on person or specific methodology
used; the selected indicators are easy to be verified and controlled by the agencies where
the final monitoring and supervision responsibility remains.
226. It is also foreseen to use standard checklists and formats to be used by the
monitoring staff both for site surveys and in the subsequent reports. Much of the monitoring
is related to quantifying the observed impacts, and to verify the nature and extent of impacts,
photos, parameter tests, collect local accounts of stakeholders and technical/social experts.
The monitoring will also include specific cause-effect analyses for the impacts observed.
9.5 Monitoring Indicators
227. The monitoring will include specific cause-effect analyses for the impacts observed.
Following Table 29 specifies the set of verifiable indicators that will be used for monitoring.
Table 29: Selected Monitoring Indicators for this IEE Study
Monitoring Sector Parameters selected
Soils, Landslides, Cut
slope failures
Number, location and extent of slope failures.
Cause analysis for such failure: natural/man-made
Area (ha) of land, forest and properties affected
Nos and extent of gully erosions and pavement failures
Bio-engineering/Slope
protection
Nos and plant species selected for bio-engineering,
disaggregated by protective function,
Effectiveness of slope protection works
Water Pollution, Water
resources and their use:
Drinking water
Nos and extent of water related problems at operative and
construction sites
Water pollution incidents due to unsafe disposal of waste and
spoil analyzing effects on adjoining agricultural land
Use of field kit for drinking water quality, determining pH,
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 78
Monitoring Sector Parameters selected
particulates, turbidity, etc.
Air and Noise level Assessment of noise level in site.
Site assessment, Visual inspection and public opinion
regarding dust pollution
Traffic Volume count
Wildlife/ Habitat
Disturbance and Impacts on
Forest Resources
Nos and extent of road accidents inflicting wildlife
Records of illegal timber extraction and wildlife killing cases
Socio-economic
development in road
alignment and ZoI
Number of employment opportunities created
Number of workers received training on enhancement of
technical skill
Change in transportation cost and time
Number and type of enterprises, cottage industries
established
Change in status of basic services and utilities in the ZoI for
e.g. education institutions, access to health infrastructures,
water supply, energy status, trade and commerce ventures,
shift in livelihood strategies among the populace from the ZoI
Condition of affected infrastructures
Occupational health and safety measures provided to
workers
Increase in number of people receiving social service
facilities (school, health post)
Increase in land value
No. of accidents related to road
State of settlement condition (no. of houses, shops,
sanitation condition)
Number and status of porter’s livelihood
9.5.1 Monitoring Activities and Methods
The following Table 30 identifies the specific compliance monitoring activities. Phase-
wise/chronological details are provided for the methods, schedules, responsible
implementing agency and the responsible monitoring agency. The compliance monitoring
refers primarily to the pre-construction and construction stage of the project.
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 79
Table 30: Compliance Monitoring for the Proposed Project
Parameters Responsible
Implementing Agency
Verifiable Indicators Verification Methods Schedule Responsible
Monitoring Agency
Land acquisition
and compensation
of private properties
(house)
DCC/ LRUC Properties acquisition
procedures
This is the responsibility
of DCC and project
Well ahead of
construction
DCC
Site selection and
preparation of
construction
logistics
Proponent/Contractor Project’s arrangement for materials storage, and
construction activities
Site observation, geo-
referencing and
photographic
documentation
Beginning of
construction
period
DCC/DTO/ DoLIDAR
Use of local
peoples for
construction
activities
Contractor/project Specifications which obligate the
LRUC to observe certain quotas
for employing local labor,
Records that facilitates
and coordinates the
process for local people’s employment, interviews
During the entire
period where
labour work is
employed
DCC/DTO/ DoLIDAR
Awareness and on-
the-job training on
road construction to
technicians, and
locally employed
construction
workers
Contractor/Project Training programs for skill
development, women
empowerment, occupational
health and safety, and
environmental protection
associated with road
construction works
Specifications: Training
records, check training
program reports, assess
feedback from
participants
Beginning of
construction and
during
construction
DCC/DoLIDAR
Compliance to
occupational health
and safety
measures
Contractors/project/
workers
Occupational health and safety
regulations, first aid and medical
arrangements, contingency plan,
number and type of safety
equipment such as mask,
helmet, glove, safety belts,
goggles
Spot checks at work
sites, photos, accident
records, interviews
Monthly
throughout
construction
activities
DCC/
DoLIDAR/RRRSDP
Compliance to
environmental
protection
measures, including
Project/Contractors/LRU
C
Arrangement specified in the
code of practice and in manuals
relating to environmental
protection; records and
Site inspection,
discussion with local
people. Quantifying site-
specific impacts, photos,
Before and during
construction
period
DCC/DoLIDAR
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 80
Parameters Responsible
Implementing Agency
Verifiable Indicators Verification Methods Schedule Responsible
Monitoring Agency
pollution prevention,
slope stabilization,
cut and fill, waste
management,
spoils, protection of
fauna and flora
observations on pollution, waste
management, spoil disposal
laboratory tests where
required.
Existing patrol, control
and enforcement
mechanisms,
enforcement records, air
and noise quality
measurement water
quality test
Measures to avoid
pressure on forest
and wildlife
Contractor/LRUGs Workers activity within forest
area Construction scenario and
process Events of hunting and
killing of wildlife
Inspection, interview with
local people
Once a month
during
construction
phase
DCC/DFO
Measures to protect
environment from
air and noise
pollution
Contractor/LRUGs Dust level and noise level at
work sites, major settlements
and sensitive spots like health
centres and schools
Testing, observation of
good construction
practices and discussion
with residents and
workers
Once in a month
during
construction
DCC/DTO
Measures to protect
water bodies from
water pollution
Contractor/project/LRU
Gs
observation, observation of open
defecation and waste disposal
around water sources; chemical
parameters test
Site inspection, test of
site-selected samples of
water at laboratory
Once in a six
months during
construction; Upon
demand for testing
with field kit
DCC/DTO
Adequate technical
and environmental
supervision
Project/DTO Adequate number of technicians
regularly at site
Check number and type
of technicians available
at site;
Skill of work carried out;
discussion
Twice a month
during
construction
DoLIDAR/MoFALD
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 81
Table 31: Impacts/ Effects Monitoring for the Proposed Project
S.N Parameters Verifiable Indicators Verification methods Monitoring
locations
Schedule Responsible monitoring
agency
1 Change in Land Use Changing Agricultural land,
forest land, settlement area
and barren land
Site observation,
photos, discussion
with communities
DIZ, IIZ and project
affected then VDCs
Continuously
during
construction
and operation
Proponent/Consultant
2 Slope Instability,
land erosion and
induced landslide
Inclination, Slope failures,
causes; Drainage facilities
such as side drains and
functionality of cross
drainage structures; Fresh
gullies and erosion;
Success/failure of bio-
engineering
Site observation and
interviews, photos,
geo-referencing sites
At specific locations
where such sites
occur
During
construction
Proponent/Consultant
3 Stockpiling of
Construction
Materials
Affected aesthetic value,
affected forest, standing
crops and agriculture land,
initiated land erosion by local
blocked drainage, hazard to
downstream slope residents
and public and
Site observation,
photos,
Stockpiling site areas During
construction
Proponent/Consultant
4 Spoil Disposal
Initiated erosion, affected
aesthetic value, affected
forest and agriculture,
initiated land erosion by local
blocked drainage, hazard to
downhill slope residents and
agricultural lands
Site observation and
interviews, photos,
geo-referencing sites
At specific locations
where such sites
occur
During
construction
Proponent/Consultant
5 Noise and dust
pollution
Total Suspended Solid,
Particulates, Noise level
Visual inspection,
measurement, and
comparison with
baseline data, tests
At construction sites
and at sensitive spots
During
construction
and operation
Proponent/Consultant
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 82
S.N Parameters Verifiable Indicators Verification methods Monitoring
locations
Schedule Responsible monitoring
agency
6 Use of fuel,
lubricants, oil, acids
and other chemicals
container and disposed pit,
vehicles and equipments
Visual inspection,
Interview with local
people,
In and around the
construction sites
During
construction
Proponent/Consultant
7 Road safety
measures
Speed controls, traffic
signboards, ROW
encroachment,
Pedestrian/cyclist and cattle
passageways and speed
bumps
Observation, photos
and interaction with
local peoples
In and around the
RoW
Throughout
project, once in
a year
Proponent/Consultant
8 Road accidents
Type and number of
accident occurred Adequacy
of occupational safety
measures provided
Observations, Photos,
spot checks, interview
with local peoples
Road alignment Throughout
project, once in
a year
Proponent/Consultant
9 Loss of forest
Numbers of trees, presence
of ground vegetation, signs
of illicit logging and
extraction of NTFPs
Observations, DFO
records, photos, stake-
holder interviews
In and around the
project sites
During
construction
and
operation
Proponent/Contractor
CFUG, DFO
10 Wild life
Wildlife hunting trapping and
poaching by work force,
Trade of wildlife,
Biological survey on
selected biota
Interview with local
people / DFO, photos
Observations
Forest areas at
roadside
Throughout
project
Contractor, DFO
11 Health and
sanitation Issues
Visible disease and health
problems, sanitation status,
dust, solid waste,
Records, interaction
and record from local
health centers
Project area During
operation
DCC/Municipalty/DHO/LRUC
12 Cultural, religious
and historical sites
Cultural and religious
infrastructure, people
perception, practices
Records, Observation,
Interview with local
people,
Project area During
operation
DCC/Municipalty/LRUC
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 83
S.N Parameters Verifiable Indicators Verification methods Monitoring
locations
Schedule Responsible monitoring
agency
13 Occupational and
safety hazard
Safety equipments like
helmets, globes, boots etc.,
insurance, Potable water,
basic first aid kit
Observation, records
and interview with
workers
Construction camp
and working area
During
construction
DCC/Municipalty/LRUC
14 Possible
township/ribbon
development along
the road
Congestions to road users
Nos. of accidents, RoW
encroachment
Records, observations Project Area During
operation
DCC/DRO
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 84
Monitoring Cost
228. Total cost of environmental monitoring (field visits, observation, review of reports and
report preparation) is estimated NRs. 240,000.00 as given in Table 32.
Table 32 : Environmental Monitoring Cost
Description Duration
(month)
Rate (NRs) Amount (NRs) Schedule
3rd party Monitoring After the
completion of
80% work
Environmental
Specialist
1 75,000.00 75,000.00
Support Staff 1 25,000.00 25,000.00
Transportation cost LS 50,000.00
Report preparation LS 20,000.00
Sampling and Lab
test
LS 20,000.00
Central level monitoring (Monitoring by MoFALD)
Monitoring cost LS 50,000.00
Total Envronmental Monitoring Cost 240,000.00
9.6 Summary Cost for Environment Mitigation Cost
229. Most of the mitigation measures suggested would be a part of road design and
construction without additional cost. The total cost of environment mitigation cost is
summarized in the Table 33 below.
Table 33: Cost Estimate for Environmental Enhancement and Mitigation Measures
SN Particulars Estimated Budget
NRs.
1 Environment Management cost
1.1 Waste management Training 250,000.00
1.2 Awareness raising training 100,000.00
1.3 Enhancement in Technical Skills 100,000.00
1.4 Information Signboard 50,000.00
1.5 Compensatory plantation 895,131.75
1.6 Roadside plantation 100,000.00
1.7 Environmental monitoring cost 240,000.00
Sub Total (i) 1,735,131.75
2 Other environmental cost(included in civil works cost also)
2.1 Bio-engineering work 1,471,312.97
2.2 GPA Insurance(occupational helath and safety) 1,500,000
2.3 Structural/Side Drain/Cross Drainage works 157,132,293.57
Sub Total (ii) 160,103,606.54
Total (i+ii) 161,838,738.29
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 85
230. The cost of Cross drainage, side drains and slope stabilization measures as civil
engineering structure and bio engineering works are included in separate Bill of quantities.
Moreover, compensation related expenses and GESI plan implementation expenditure will
be addressed by separate Resettlement Plan (RP) and GESI Plan respectively.
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 86
10. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
231. The implementation of proposed Lalit Ghumti Road (Godamchaur - Godavari -
Badikhel - Lelebhanjyang road section) is expected to bring a substantial set of beneficial
impacts, providing improved transportation access of Lalitpur to rural people of that district
and region. Besides providing access, the project will also provide other benefits both during
the construction and the operational stages. Major beneficial impacts during the construction
stage include the employment generation, wage income, increase in local economy, and
enhancement of technical skills and know-how among local communities. During operation
stage, the transportation and access standard will be enhanced. Access to social services
will be easier for the people of the project then VDCs areas of the district. It will contribute
long term positive impact for the development of the local and regional areas and people.
232. The proposed project area does not fall under any environmentally sensitive area.
The present IEE study shows that the projects will not severe impacts on physical, biological,
socio-economic and cultural environment of the project area. Most of the adverse impacts
identified and predicted are of minimal and short to medium terms as well as reversible in
nature. However, cut slope failures have been observed on road alignment, which need
necessary measures to be employed during and after the construction work. Most of the
identified environmental adverse impacts are locally confined, and limited mainly to the
period of construction. It is concluded that with the set of proposed mitigation measures,
most of the impacts can be minimized or mitigated during construction and operation
phases.
233. Hence, the proposed road construction work does not exceed any of the prescribed
thresholds by EPA, 1997 and EPR, 1997 (with amendments,) and other relevant Acts and
Rules.
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 87
REFERENCE
CBS 2011, National Census Report, Central Bureau of Statistics, Kathmandu
DDC Profile of Lalitpur District, 2013
Department of Roads, 2000. Policy Document, Environmental Assessment in the Road
Sector of Nepal. Geo-Environment Unit, Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, Nepal.
Department of Roads, 2002, Reference Manual for Roadside Bioengineering
DoLIDAR 1999, APPROACH for the Development of Agricultural and Rural Roads.
Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads, 1999
DoR, 2003. Reference Manual for Environmental and Social Aspects of Integrated Road
Development, Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, Department of Road, Kathmandu.
Environment Examination Resource Book, 2013, Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local
Development, Singha Durbar, Kathmandu.
Environmental and Social Management Framework, 2009 (Revised), DoLIDAR, Lalitpur,
MoFALD 2013,
GoN 1993, National EIA guidelines
GoN 1998,Environmental Guide for Small Rural Infrastructure Projects, Government of
Nepal, Ministry of Local Development in collaboration with IUCN, July 1998
GoN 1999, Approach for development of Agricultural and Rural roads
GoN 1999, Local Self Governance Act, 1999 and Land Acquisition Act, 1977
GoN 2000. Environment Protection Act, 1997 and Environment Protection Rules, 1997
(amended in 1999). Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law Books
Management Board for MoSTE, Kathmandu.
Khadka, R.B, S. Gorgule. Joshi, A.R. Guragain S., Mathema, A.B.,(2013), Environment
Impact Assessment: Process, methods and Practices in South Asia(Bangladesh, Bhutan,
India and Nepal)
Nepal Rural Road Standard, 2055, 1st revision, Department of Local Infrastructure
Development and Agricultural Roads (DOLIDAR), Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local
Development
SSRN, 2011/2012, Statistics of Strategic Road Network, Government of Nepal, Ministry of
Physical Planning, Works and Transport Management, Department of Road (DoR).
Uprety, B.K, 2003.Safeguarding the resources, Environmental Impact Assessment: Process
and Practice.
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Annex II : Project Cost
A) Abstract of Cost
Item
No.
Description of works Unit Quantity Rate(NRs) Amount (NRs) Remarks
1 GENERAL ITEMS
1.1
Insurance of works, plants, materials, loss and damage to
equipments, Contractor's workmen and employees and third party
insurance against damage to other persons and property as per
GCC clause 13.
L.S. 1.00 1,500,000.00 1,500,000.00
1.2
Provide site office at mid-section of the road having rooms size:
3m*4m each at location acceptable to the project manager within
the contract package with accommodation facilities as specified in
special provision
month 18.00 18,000.00 324,000.00
1.3
Carry out additional tests for material and works as required and
instructed by the Engineer.(GCC Clause No. 33.1)
PS 1.00 150,000.00 150,000.00
1.4
Relocation of the utilities (water supply, telephone, etc,) and
services as instructed by the Engineer as per DoLIDAR-Technical
Specifications for Labour Based Construction Work of Agricultural
& Rural Roads (Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. G-10.
PS 1.00 1,200,000.00 1,200,000.00
1.5
Carry out maintenance of the existing road to keep the road
serviceable throughout the contract period. Also provide and
maintain traffic safety, control measures and temporary diversions
during construction including water spraying thrice a week to avoid
dust pollution as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR
Clause No. G-12.
month 18.00 10,000.00 180,000.00
1.6
Supply and provide rental Four Wheel Drive Double cap Pickup
Vehicle with full option including fuel, driver'wages, major & minor
maintenances etc for the Engineer for supervision works as
month 18.00 150,000.00 2,700,000.00
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 134
Item
No.
Description of works Unit Quantity Rate(NRs) Amount (NRs) Remarks
specified
1.7
Provide and installation of project information board of size 1.80
mx1.2 m along with iron posts including excavation, concreting,
backfilling etc all complete as per DoR Standard Specification for
Road and Bridge Works (SSRBW) July 2001,Section-108
No. 3.00 10,000.00 30,000.00
1.8
Provision and maintenance of labour camps payable monthly in
equal instalments as per DoR Standard Specification for Road
and Bridge Works (SSRBW) July 2001,Section-109 (3)
month 18.00 15,000.00 270,000.00
1.9
Establish, maintain and operate labaratory at the site with
equipments furnishing required for testing specified quality of the
materials as per DoR-SSRBW, Section-511
Month 18.00 16,000.00 288,000.00
1.10
Environmental Mitigation Works as Instructed by the Engineer
(DOR Section 103)
PS 1.00 300,000.00 300,000.00
1.11
Social compliance and safeguards as instructed by the Engineer
(DOR Section 103)
PS 1.00 300,000.00 300,000.00
Sub Total 7,242,000.00
2 SITE CLEARANCE WORKS
2.1 Site Clearance : Clearing and Grubbing including cutting of all
types of plants as per DoLIDAR-Technical Specifcations for
Labour Based Construction of Agricultural and Rural Raods (Tech.
Spec. for LBCWARR) Clause No.: 1-1.5(a), 1-1.5(b) & 1-1.6
Sqm 28,600.00 27.24 779,064.00
Sub Total 779,064.00
3 EARTHWORKS
3.1 Excavation in roadway and drain in all types of soil materials
including removal and satisfactory disposal of all materials at
approved environmentally safe tipping area as per DoLIDAR-
Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 2-1
cum 170,462.03 54.93 9,363,479.30
3.2 Excavation in foundation in structure in all types of soil materials cum 18,504.31 100.57 1,860,978.45
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 135
Item
No.
Description of works Unit Quantity Rate(NRs) Amount (NRs) Remarks
including removal and satisfactory disposal of all materials at
approved environmentally safe tipping area as per DoLIdar-Tech.
Spec, for LBCWARR Clause No. 2-5
3.3 Construction of embankments, shoulders and other
miscellaneous filling with approved materials as per design and
drawing as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause
No.2-5
cum 22,645.41 72.55 1,642,924.49
3.4
Transportation of material beyond the initial lead within 1 km
distance with safe disposal sites as instructed by the engineer.
cum 82,684.03 52.59 4,348,353.13
Sub Total 17,215,735.37
4
STRUCTURAL/ SIDE DRAIN/ CROSS DRAINAGE WORKS
4.1 Supply machine made fabrication of gabion boxes of different
sizes with hexagonal mesh size of 100 mm x 120 mm including
rolling, cutting and weaving (mesh wire 3.0 mm, selvedge wire 3.9
mm, binding wire 2.4 mm, all heavy zinc coated
wires),assembling, placing in position, packing and filling of gabion
create with rubble stone and tying by 2.4 mm binding wires all
complete as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No.
17-1.4, 17-5 & 17-6
Cum 10,176.69 4,332.36 44,089,084.68
4.2 Provide and place Geo-textile all complete as per drawing and
specifications as per (DOR-SSRBW Section No.: 2404,3110)
sq.m 6,120.00 149.24 913,348.80
4.3 Stone masonry work including full compensation for all labour,
materials and other incidentals required to complete the work as
per the specifications and drawings. It includes full compensation
for using specially dressed stones on the face of wall with batter
and provisions for weep hole as necessary as per DoLIDAR-Tech.
Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 8
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 136
Item
No.
Description of works Unit Quantity Rate(NRs) Amount (NRs) Remarks
4.2.1 Supply & place un-coursed random rubble stone masonry works
in M 5 cement sand mortar in the line & level all complete
Cu.m. -
4.3.1 Supply & place un-coursed random rubble stone masonry works
in M 5 cement sand mortar in the line & level all complete
Cu.m. 11,147.72 7,489.90 83,495,308.02
4.4 Supply and Place stone Soling as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for
LBCWARR Clause No. 17-1.4, 17-5 & 17-6
Cu.m. 2,259.96 2,546.75 5,755,553.13
4.5 Supply & place approved coarse sand filling with 150 mm layer
compaction
Cu.m. 96.46 549.58 53,012.48
4.6 Supply & place P.C.C. works M 10 as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec.
for LBCWARR Clause No. 11
Cu.m. 178.27 8,647.37 1,541,566.64
4.7 Supply & place P.C.C. works M 15 as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec.
for LBCWARR Clause No. 11
Cu.m. 1,089.20 10,450.20 11,382,357.84
4.8 Supply & place P.C.C. works M 20 as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec.
for LBCWARR Clause No. 11
Cu.m. 217.02 12,664.24 2,748,393.36
4.9 Supply & place TMT high tensile strength steel reinforcement of
specified grade ( Fe 500) for RCC works including bending,
centring & binding in position as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for
LBCWARR Clause No. 10
Kg 9,141.04 103.93 950,028.28
4.10 Supply, Laying, fitting and fixing of hume pipe class NP3. It
includes all operations required to complete the work and the
jointing of pipes with 1:2 cement sand mortar as per DoLIDAR-
Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 15-5 and 15-6
4.11.
1
450m (for irrigation purpose) Rm - 4,711.87 -
4.10.
2
900mm Rm 97.50 12,968.27 1,264,406.32
4.11 Supply & place100 mm Dia. HDPE Pipe for weep hole as per
Nepal Standard & directed by Engineer
Rm - 429.00 -
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Item
No.
Description of works Unit Quantity Rate(NRs) Amount (NRs) Remarks
4.12 Supply & place Heavy Duty GI pipe (Dia 40 mm) for railing as per
Nepal Standard & directed by the Engineer
Rm - 398.00 -
4.10.
2
600 mm Rm 654.90 6,621.01 4,336,099.44
4.13 Preparation of bedding with granular materials (coarse sand) as
per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No.17-2.2,17-
2.3,17-5 and 17-6
Cu.m 28.80 1,582.83 45,585.50
4.14 Backfilling behind structure works with approved soil materials
with compaction as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR
Clause No-2.5
Cu.m 952.86 436.43 415,856.68
4.15 Supply & install steel reinforcement (Fe 500) of size 50 cm*30 cm
(main bar 16 mm dia and distn bar 12mm dia @5 cm c/c
bothways) with gutter as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCW
clause No. 10
No. 20.00 750.00 15,000.00
Supply and place formwork for concrete works with all complete
as per DOLIDAR Item 39-9-b
Sqm 115.04 1,101.29 126,692.40
Sub Total 157,132,293.57
5 PAVEMENT WORKS
5.1 Preparation of subgrade for rehabilitation works as per DoR-
SSRBW (Standard Specification for Road & Bridge Works, 2001)
SECTION No. 1003
Sqm 85,536.56 29.67 2,537,869.73
5.2 Providing, laying, spreading, watering, leveling and compaction of
natural sand gravel sub base grading as specified and according
to the designed camber all complete as per DoR-SSRBW
SECTION No. 1201
Cu.m. 12,830.48 1,220.60 15,660,883.88
5.3 Providing, laying, spreading, watering, leveling and compaction of
crushed stone Aggregate for base course of 10 cm thickness
according to the designed camber all complete as per as per DoR-
Cu.m. 2,557.50 2,717.21 6,949,264.57
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 138
Item
No.
Description of works Unit Quantity Rate(NRs) Amount (NRs) Remarks
SSRBW SECTION No. 1202
5.4 Providing and spraying bituminous prime coat MC30/MC70
including cleaning the road surface using wire, brushes, broom etc
before applying prime coat as per DoR-SSRBW SECTION No.
1301 & 1302
Lit 25,575.00 163.39 4,178,699.25
5.5 Supplying and preparing 20 cm thick stone pitching work on the
prepared granular bedding with stone available at site
Lit 25,575.00 163.39 4,178,699.25
5.6 Providing, mixing, laying and compaction of premixconcrete of 30
mm thick all complete as per DoR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1307 &
1308
Cu.m. 767.25 14,386.37 11,037,942.38
Sub Total 44,543,359.06
6 ROAD FURNITURE / TRAFFIC SIGN BOARD
6.1 Supplying and placing standard RCC kilometer post (place at
each km) all complete including painting, and writing etc. all
complete as per specification and drawings (DOR-SSRBW
SECTION No. 1501)
Nos 10.00 2,641.50 26,415.00
6.2 Supplying and placing standard RCC kilometer post (place at 5km
interval ) all complete including painting, and writing etc. all
complete as per specification and drawings (DOR-SSRBW
SECTIONNo. 1501)
Nos 5.00 6,456.50 32,282.50
6.3 Supplying and fixing in place R.C.C.delineater and guard post
including excavation,paintng,and erectionetc. all complete as final
drawing (DOR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1504)
Nos 312.00 779.72 243,272.64
6.4 Supplying and erecting traffic sign in place including 50 mm dia
steel tube, 2mm thick steel plate, cement concrete, painting,
writing and supporting steel angle nut and bolt etc complete as per
DoR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1501)
6.4.1 60 cm dia circular, 60 cm equilateral triangle and 60 x 45 cm Nos 15.00 1,833.09 27,496.35
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 139
Item
No.
Description of works Unit Quantity Rate(NRs) Amount (NRs) Remarks
rectangular shaped sign (Single post)
6.4.2 1.2m x 0.75 m size bigger traffic sign with back support and two or
more post
Nos 10.00 5,156.78 51,567.80
Sub Total 381,034.29
7 Bioengineering
7.1 Slope trimming work (DoLIDAR Norms Serial No: 4 Spec.Clause
No.: 2-1.3.2,2-1.8 and 2-1.95)
sqm 500.00 79.35 39,675.00
7.2 Construction of Rip-rap drain with the stone pitching work of 20
cm thick and 1.2 m wide. (DoLIDAR Norms Serial No: 49)
Rm 50.00 365.23 18,261.50
7.3 Dry stone check/toe walls for segmentation and support of slopes
DoLIDAR Norms Serial No: 38, Tech. Spec. clause No. 8
cum 72.80 2,977.00 216,725.60
7.4 Gabion check / toe wall for slope protection (DoLIDAR Norms
Serial No: 45)
cum 218.19 4,332.36 945,277.62
7.5 Brush layering work: including preparation of terraces of 30 - 40
cm wide and laying live cuttings of selected Species along the
terrace @ 5 cm c/c with 2/3 of cuttings in to terrace and leaving
one bud and up to 1/3 of the cuttings sticking beyond the terrace
edge
( Cutting can be of assuro,simali etc of 45 - 60 m length)
DoLIDAR Spec.Clause no.70-6.7 b
Rm 1,000.00 126.21 126,210.00
7.6 Planting rooted grass slips on slopes < 45˚ including preparation of slips on site. Operation includes digging planting holes to a
maximum of 5 cm depth with metal or hardwood peg, depending
on nature of soil. The planting drills should be spaced 10 cm
apart.( DoLIDAR Norms Serial No: 68)
sqm 500.00 247.20 123,600.00
7.7 Planting containerised tree and shrub seedlings, including pitting,
transplanting, composting and placing tree guards, on toe of
embankment slopes in plain areas, not less than 8 m from the
Nos 25.00 62.53 1,563.25
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Item
No.
Description of works Unit Quantity Rate(NRs) Amount (NRs) Remarks
road centre line. Pit size 30 cm diameter×30 cm depth. Compost
volume ⅟₄ of the volume of pit, mixed with original soil. (DoLIDAR
Norms Serial No: 69)
Sub-Total 1,471,312.97
8 DAY WORKS
8.1 Supply of labour as required as per preamble and as instructed
by the Engineer.
Unskilled labour m/d 300.00 575.00 172,500.00
Skilled Labour m/d 100.00 785.00 78,500.00
8.2 Supply of excavator for maintenance of road as required and
instructed by engineer
hrs 60.00 1,800.00 108,000.00
8.3 Provided Built Up Drawing As Completed L.S. 1.00 75,000.00 75,000.00
Sub Total 434,000.00
A Total 229,198,799.3
B VAT @13% of ( A ) 29,795,843.90
C Total including VAT 258,994,643.2
D Contingency @ 3% of (A) 6,875,963.98
E Physical Contingency @ 10% of (A) 22,919,879.93
Grand Total 288,790,487.1
E Cost Per Kilometer of construction works including
bioengineering
16,255,233.99
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B) Total Project Cost
SN Particulars Amount (NRs.)
1 Environment Management cost
1.1 Training (Entrepreneurship, Horticulture, microcredit) 250,000.00
1.2 Awareness Raising Training 100,000.00
1.3 Enhancement in Technical Skills 100,000.00
1.4 Information Signboard 50,000.00
1.5 Compensatory plantation Re-plantation / Re-forestation 895,131.75
1.6 Roadside plantation 100,000.00
1.7 Environmental monitoring cost 240,000.00
Sub Total (i) 1,735,131.75
2 Other environmental cost(included in civil works cost also)
2.1 Bio-engineering work 1,471,312.97
2.2 GPA Insurance(occupational helath and safety) 1,500,000
2.3 Structural/Side Drain/Cross Drainage works 157,132,293.57
Sub Total (ii) 160,103,606.54
Total (i+ii) 161,838,738.29
2 Civil Work Cost
2.1 Total Civil Cost (Including VAT and Contingencies) 288,790,487.10
2.2 Other environmental cost included in civil works cost 161,838,738.29
2.3 Civil work cost excluding other environmental cost (B) 126,951,748.78
3 Resettlement Plan Cost
3.1 Compensation cost (land, trees, relocation cost for private
and community structures within RoW)
111,250,255.83
3.2 Deed transfer assistance and fees 898,800.00
3.3 Income generation and livelihood improvement training 1,520,000.00
3.4 Contingency (20%) 22,429,811.17
Sub-total (C) 136,098,867.00
4 Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Plan Cost
4.1 Capacity Development Training 50,000.00
4.2 Awareness Campaign on WASH and Psycho-social
Counseling Program
50,000.00
Sub-total (D) 100,000.00
Total Project Cost (A+B+C+D) 424,989,354.07
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C) Resettlement Cost
S.N. Budget Unit Total
loss
Amount (NRs.) Remarks
1. DIRECT COST
1.1 Land Compensation of
Interviewed HHs
Ha. 0.52 18,369,598.9 188 Interviewed
HHs
1.2 Land Compensation of
Absentees’ HHs
Ha. 0.52 19,370,628.1 203 Absentees’ HHs
1.3 Compensation for Non- Ha. 1.13 41,301,710.8 161 Non-
Registered Plots Registered Land
1.4 Guthi Land Ha. 0.09 3,065,009.0 21 plots
1.5 Company Land Ha. 0.07 2276,000.8 11 plots
1.6 Compensation of (Private Trees,
CFUGs Trees, GoN Trees,
Religious forest
No. 93,213.83
1.7 Private structures No. 124 18,861,852.6 124 Structures
1.8 Public structures No. 6 6,993,741.9 6 Public Structures
1.9 Material Transportation Cost No. 29 414,000.0
1.10 Businesss allowance No. 3 125,000.0
1.11 Relocation Cost No. 26 379,500.0
Sub Total 111,250,255.83
2. INDIRECT COST
2.1 Deed Transfer Fees plots 642 64,2000.00 @1000
2.2 Management cost for absentees' HHs 642 256,800.00 @400
Sub Total 898,800.00
3 Income Generation and Livelihood
Improvement Program[2]
LS 1,520,000.00
Subtotal (1+2+3) 113,669,055.83
4 Contingency (20%) 22,429,811.17
GRAND TOTAL(1+2+3+4) 136,098,867.00
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 143
Annex III: Public Notice
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 144
English translation of Notice Published
Government of Nepal
Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development
Office of District Development committee, Lalitpur
Public notice on the Initial Environmental Examination
(Date of first publication: 2071/03/25)
Government of Nepal (GoN), Office of District Development committee, Lalitpur as a
proponent, Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program – Phase 2
(RRRSDP - 2) of Department Of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads
(DoLIDAR) working for upgrading with easy access of the given roads is proposed for the
conduction.
S.N Proposed Road Length
(Km)
Affected VDC
1. Godavari khola corridor Road 25 Godavari, Thaiba, Siddipur and Imadol
2. Lalit Ghumti Road 25 Lamatar, Lubhu, Bisankhunarayan,
Badikhel, Godavari and Chhampi
3. Nallu – Chaudhara – Unichaur
- katuwanibesi Road
18 Nallu, Chaudhara, Bukhel, Manikhel and
Gotikhel
Mentioned district roads are proposed according to Nepal rural road standard 2056
(amendment 2069) with 5.25m width and 20m RoW (10 m in each side from the centerline of
the road. Before implementing the proposed project, according to the provision of
Environment Protection Act (EPA) 2053 and Environment Protection Rule (EPR) 2054;
Approved ToR from Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development, the Initial
Environment Examination (IEE) study is ongoing. Therefore the physical, biological, socio-
economic and cultural aspect and its impact in the ZoI of project area; as per the provision of
the Rule 7 (2) of the Environment Protection Rules 1997, first time published notice, it is
requested to provide comments and suggestions about the impacts on the environment
through the implementation of sub-project, from the relevant VDCs, school, health post,
forest office and forest user group, concerned stakeholders, organization and local people
within 15 days from the first date of its publication in the following address. The comments
and suggestions can be directly sent to concern Ministry.
Proponent Consultant Concerned Ministry
Office of District
Development Committee,
Lalitpur
Tel: 5523410, 5536312
Fax: 5533215
Email: [email protected]
ERMC Pvt. Ltd.
Baneshwor, Kathmandu
Tel: 01-4483064,
9851199190
Email:
Ministry of Federal affairs
and Local Development,
Singhadurbar, Kathmandu
Tel: 01-4200000, 01-
4200309
Email: [email protected]/
env@ mofald.gov.np/env
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 145
Annex IV : Deed of Inquiry (Muchulka)
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Annex V : Recommendation Letter
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Annex VI: Meeting Minutes with Local People
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Annex VII: Trees to be Cut down
A) Trees to be Cut from Community Forest
Name of CF Chainage Species Scientific Name No. of
Trees
Compensatory
plantation (1:25)
Rate/Plant
(NRs.)
Total Cost
(NRs.) From To
Godamchaur
CF
0+580 0+620 Chilaune Schima wallichii 1 25 164.05 4101.25
Uttis Alnus nepalensis 1 25 4101.25
Sub-Total 2 50 8202.5
Bistachhap
CF
0+820 1+200 Salla Pinus roxburghii 11 275 45113.8
Chilaune Schima wallichii 2 50 8202.5
Sub-Total 13 325 53316.3
Jayabhadre
CF
7+420 7+700 Chilaune Schima wallichii 25 625 102531
Jamuna Syzygiun cumini 1 25 4101.25
Kafal Myrica esculenta 4 100 16405
Uttis Alnus nepalensis 4 100 16405
Katus Castanopsis indica 1 25 4101.25
Others 1 25 4101.25
Sub-Total 36 900 147645
Golintaha CF 9+710 10+500 Salla Pinus roxburghii 5 125 20506.3
Kafal Myrica esculenta 7 175 28708.8
Chilaune Schima wallichii 38 950 155848
Lakuri Fraxinus floribunda 2 50 8202.5
Uttis Alnus nepalensis 3 75 12303.8
Seti kath Hymenodictyon excelsum 2 50 8202.5
Lapsi Choerospondias axillaris 2 50 8202.5
Mauwa Madhuca longifolia 2 50 8202.5
Jamuna Syzygiun cumini 1 25 4101.25
Laligurans Rhododendron arboreum 1 25 4101.25
Sub-Total 63 1575 258379
Kumari CF 11+02
1
11+120 Chilaune Schima wallichii 5 125 20506.3
Lakuri Fraxinus floribunda 1 25 4101.25
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 170
Name of CF Chainage Species Scientific Name No. of
Trees
Compensatory
plantation (1:25)
Rate/Plant
(NRs.)
Total Cost
(NRs.) From To
Salla Pinus roxburghii 1 25 4101.25
Bhalayo Rhus succedanea 1 25 4101.25
Sub-Total 8 200 32810
Bandevi CF 13+02
0
13+880 Kafal Myrica esculenta 6 150 24607.5
Chilaune Schima wallichii 12 300 49215
Lakuri Fraxinus floribunda 1 25 4101.25
paiyu Prunus cerasoides 1 25 4101.25
Jamuna Syzygiun cumini 1 25 4101.25
Katus Castanopsis indica 1 25 4101.25
Sub-Total 22 550 90227.5
Chandol CF 13+88
0
14+400 Chilaune Schima wallichii 27 675 110734
Lakuri Fraxinus floribunda 3 75 12303.8
Kafal Myrica esculenta 3 75 12303.8
Jhigane Eurya acuminata 1 25 4101.25
Mauwa Madhuca longifolia 3 75 12303.8
Katus Castanopsis indica 2 50 8202.5
Sub-Total 39 975 159949
Mankamna
Darmik Ban
0+620 0+820 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 10 250
41012.5
Siris Albezia lebbek 3 75 12303.8
Chilaune Schima wallichii 1 25 4101.25
Sub-Total 14 350 57417.5
National
Forest
6+540 6+880 Chilaune Schima wallichii 20 500 82025
Sub-Total 20 500 82025
Total 217 5,425 88,9971
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 171
B) Trees to be Cut from Private Land
Chainage Address
Species Scientific Name No. of
Trees
Compensato
ry plantation
(1:1)
Rate/Pla
nt (NRs.)
Total
Cost
(NRs.) From To
0+400 0+410 Godamchaur Chilaune Schima wallichii 7 7 67.90 475.3
Uttis Alnus nepalensis 3 3 203.7
Bamboo(jhyang) 1 1 67.9
7+456 7+500 Godavari Uttis Alnus nepalensis 1 1 67.9
7+660 7+860 Kitini Uttis Alnus nepalensis 2 2 135.8
Lapsi Choerospondias axillaris 1 1 67.9
Aaru Prunus persica 1 1 67.9
Chilaune Schima wallichii 2 2 135.8
8+700 8+720 Kitini Uttis Alnus nepalensis 2 2 135.8
Chilaune Schima wallichii 2 2 135.8
11+180 11+240 Badikhel/
pahari ghau
Bamboo(jhyang) 18 18 1222.2
Lapsi Choerospondias axillaris 6 6 407.4
Uttis Alnus nepalensis 3 3 203.7
kutmiro Litsea monopelata 1 1 67.9
11+680 11+720 Badikhel/
pahari ghau
Uttis Alnus nepalensis 26 26 1765.4
Total 76 76 5160.4
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 172
C) Calculation of Plantation Cost in CF
Item
No.
Description Unit Total
quantity
Rate
(NRs.)
Amount (NRs.) Remarks
Seedling cost No 1760 20 35,200.00
20 Plantation per ha
20(1) Site selection and survey Persondays 3 575 1,725.00
20.2(b) Site clearance Persondays 10 575 5,750.00 25% shrubs and grasses
20.3 Fixing of pit distance (1600 pits) Persondays 3 575 1,725.00
20.5(a)i Pitting of 45X30X30 cm pit Persondays 32 575 18,400.00 50% slope
20.6(a)iii Seedling transportation Persondays 6 575 3,450.00 1 km distance
20.6(b)iii Seedling transportation (within) Persondays 3 575 1,725.00
20.7(a) Plantation Persondays 20 575 11,500.00 Up to 50% slope
32.1(b) Weeding Persondays 18 575 10,350.00
32.3 Replacement plantation (10%) Persondays 9 575 5,175.00
33.1(b) Prunning Persondays 25 575 14,375.00 Up to 50% slope
Sub-total 109,375.00
35 Fencing per 200 running meter
35.2(a)ii Preparation of 100 poles of 30-40cm girth and
1.8m height
Persondays 8 575 4,600.00
35.4 Five line barbed wire fencing (100 running meter)
35.4(a) Barbed wire (14 gauge) Kg 143 125 71,500.00
Wooden pole (10cmx10cmx1.8m) No 88 No
cost
Unail Kg 4.2 125 2,100.00
35.3(b) Pitting for poles Persondays 14 575 32,200.00
35.4(c) Stretching and tightening of barbed wire Persondays 24 575 55,200.00
Sub-total 165,600.00
Total 274,975.00
Contingency (5%) 13,748.75
Grand Total 288,723.75
Per plant cost 164.05 1600+10% plants with 2.5m
x 2.5m spacing
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 173
D) Calculation of Plantation Cost in Private land
Plantation Cost for trees on private land
Item no. Description Unit Total
quantity
Rate (NRs.) Amount (NRs.) Remarks
Seedling cost No 1760 30 52,800.00
20 Plantation per ha
20(1) Site selection and survey Persondays 3 575 1,725.00
20.5(a)i Pitting 45X30X30 cm pit Persondays 32 575 18,400.00 50% slope
20.6(a) Seedling transportation Persondays 6 575 3,450.00 1 km distance
20.6(b) Seedling transportation (within) Persondays 3 575 1,725.00
20.7(a) Plantation Persondays 20 575 11,500.00 Up to 50% slope
32.1(b) Weeding Persondays 18 575 10,350.00
32.3 Replacement plantation (10%) Persondays 9 575 5,175.00
33.1(b) Prunning Persondays 25 575 14,375.00 Up to 50% slope
Total 119,500.00
Per plant cost 67.90
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 174
E) Compensatory Plantation Agreement
Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f (Compensatory Plantation)
k[i7e"dL
k|:tfjs
of] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg nlntk'/ lhNnfsf] uf]bfj/L gu/kflnsf–! -tTsflng uf]bfdrf}/ uf=lj=;_ sf] la;ªv'gf/fo0f :s"n b]lv uf]bfj/L gu/kflnsf–$ -tTsflng al8v]n uf=lj=;_ sf] n]n]e~HofË hf]8\g] !$=(*! ls=dL= nfdf] x/]s df};ddf rNg] ;8s k'glg{df0f tyf k'g{:yfkgf ug{ tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] . u|fdL0f k'glg{df0f tyf k'g{:yfkgf cfof]hgf (RRRDSP) sf] nufgLdf lhNnfdf sfof{Gjog lgsfosf] lhDd]jf/L lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt nlntk'/ ePsf]n] nlnt 3'DtL ;8s -uf]bfdrf}/–uf]bfj/L–al8v]n–n]n]e~HofË ;8s v08_ pkcfof]hgfs]f k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0fsf] k|:tfjs lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt nlntk'/ /x]sf] 5 .
xfn g]kfn ;/sf/sf] nfufgLdf u|fdL0f k'glg{df0f tyf k'g{:yfkgf cfof]hgf (RRRDSP) sof{Gjog e} /x]sf] 5 . h'g @)!# df u|fdL0f k'glg{df0f tyf k'g{:yfkgf cfof]hgf (RRRDSP) sf] bft[lgsfosf] ;+nUgtfdf ;+rfngdf /x]sf] lyof] / o; sfo{s|dsf] ;kmntf kZrft\ bf]>f] r/0fsf] sfo{qmdsf] tof/Lsf] r/0f s|ddf of] k|:tjf tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . bf]>f] r/0fsf] sfo{s|d @) lhNnfnfO{ ;8s ;~hfn lj:tf/ ug{ pb]Zosf ;fy ;~rfng ul/g nfluPsf] 5 .
;fGb{lestf
“g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;/sf/L ?vx? x6fpg] ;DaGwL dfkb08” @)&! Tyf “/fli6«o k|fyldstf k|fKt of]hgfsf]
nflu /fli6«o jg If]q k|of]u ug]{ ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&$” cg';f/ nlnt 3'DtL ;8s -uf]bfdrf}/–
uf]bfj/L–al8v]n–n]n]e~HofË ;8s v08_ pk–cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] ?vx?sf] Ifltk"lt{ ;DaGwdf hlt ?v sfl6G5g To;sf] !M@% cg'kftdf Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f / % aif{ ;Dd ;+/If0f ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 .
jgdf sfl6g] ?vx?sf] ;+Vof / Ifltk"lt{ jfkt a[Iff/f]k0f ug'{ kg]{ ?v ;+Vof / cg'dflgt nfut
pk/f]Qm cg';f/ nlnt 3'DtL ;8s -uf]bfdrf}/–uf]bfj/L–al8v]n–n]n]e~HofË ;8s v08_ pk–cfof]hgf ;fd'bflos jg, wfld{s jg, /fli6«o jg eP/ hfg] / sfl6g] ?vx?sf] ;+Vof, Ifltk"lt{ jfkt a[Iff/f]k0f ug'{ kg]{ ?v ;+Vof / cg'dflgt nfut ;d]t 6]a'n ! df lbO{Psf] 5 .
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 175
6]a'n ! wfld{s jg, /fli6«o jg, ;fd'bflos jgdf sfl6g] ?vx?sf] ;+Vof, Ifltk"lt{ jfkt a[Iff/f]k0f ug'{ kg]{ ?v ;+Vof / cg'dflgt nfut
l;g+ jgsf] gfd sfl6Psf ?v ;+Vof
Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f ?v ;+Vof -!M@%_
la?jf, a[Iff/f]k0f / 3]/jf/ nfut klxnf] ls:tf
-g]=?=_
uf]8d]n, k'g/f]k0f nfut bf]>f] ls:tf
-g]=?=_
hDdf nfut -g]=?=_
! uf]bfdrf}/ ;f=j= @ %) &,#!)=%) *(@=)) *,@)@=%)
@ lai65fk ;f=j= !# #@% $&,%!*=@% %,&(*=)) %#,#!^=@%
# hoe›] ;f=j= #^ ()) !#!,%*(=)) !^,)%^=)) !$&,^$%=))
$ Uff]lng6fxf ;f=j= ^# !%&% @#),@*)=*) @*,)(*=)) @%*,#&*=*)
% s'df/L ;f=j= * @)) @(,@$@=)) #,%^*=)) #@,*!)=))
^ jgb]lj ;f=j= @@ %%) *),$!%=%) (,*!@=)) (),@@&=%)
& r08f]n ;f=j= #( (&% !$@,%%$=*) !&,#($+=)) !%(,($*=*)
* dgsfdgf wfld{s jg
!$ #%) %!,!&#=%) ^,@$$=)) %&,$!&=%)
( /fli6«o jg @) %)) &#,!)%=)) *,(@)=)) *@,)@%=))
hDdf @!& %,$@% &(#!*(=#% (^,&*@=)) **(,(&!=#%
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 176
lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no /
lhNnf jg sfof{no /
;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf
Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_ sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_ kq
s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, nlntk'/ != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuL Joj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @ a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, nlntk'/ != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] . @= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt - xfn nlntk'/ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt _÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ . #= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] . uf]bfdrf}/ ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, != a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ . @= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x 'g] . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 177
%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj k/fdz{bftf÷ lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, nlntk'/ != a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ . @= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . $= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] @ ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -%) ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= *,@)@=)) lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 . !—klxnf] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? &,#!)=%) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @—bf]>f] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= *(@=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] .
lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6
lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6
;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] tkm{ af6
x:tfIf/M gfdM kbM ldltM 5fkM
x:tfIf/M gfdM kbM ldltM 5fkM
x:tfIf/M gfdM kbM ldltM 5fkM
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 178
lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no /
lhNnf jg sfof{no /
;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf
Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_kq
s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, nlntk'/ != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuLJoj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @ a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, nlntk'/ != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] . @= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt - xfn nlntk'/ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt _÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ . #= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] . lai65fk ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, != a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ . @= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x 'g] . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 179
%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj k/fdz{bftf÷ lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, nlntk'/ != a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ . @= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . $= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf
lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM
;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] !# ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -#@% ?vx?_
jfkt hDdf g] ?= %#,#!^=@% lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 . !—klxnf] ls:tf
a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? $&,%!*=@% ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @—bf]>f] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL
/sd g] ?= %,&(*=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6
lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6
;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] tkm{ af6
x:tfIf/M gfdM kbM ldltM 5fkM
x:tfIf/M gfdM kbM ldltM 5fkM
x:tfIf/M gfdM kbM ldltM 5fkM
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 180
lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no
/ lhNnf jg sfof{no
/ ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf
Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf
-Agreement_kq s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, nlntk'/ != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuLJoj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @ a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, nlntk'/ != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] . @= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt - xfn nlntk'/ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt _÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ . #= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] . hoe›] ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, != a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ . @= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x 'g] . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 181
%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj k/fdz{bftf÷ lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, nlntk'/ != a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ . @= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . $= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf
lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM
;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] #^ ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -()) ?vx?_
jfkt hDdf g] ?= !$&,^$%=)) lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 . !—klxnf] ls:tf
a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? !#!,%*(=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @—bf]>f] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL
/sd g] ?= !^,)%^=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6
lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6
;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] tkm{ af6
x:tfIf/M gfdM kbM ldltM 5fkM
x:tfIf/M gfdM kbM ldltM 5fkM
x:tfIf/M gfdM kbM ldltM 5fkM
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 182
lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no /
lhNnf jg sfof{no /
;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf
Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_kq
s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, nlntk'/ != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuLJoj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @ a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, nlntk'/ != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] . @= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt - xfn nlntk'/ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt _÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ . #= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] . Uff]lng6fxf ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, != a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ . @= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x 'g] . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 183
%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj k/fdz{bftf÷ lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, nlntk'/ != a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ . @= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . $= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM
;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] ^# ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -!%&% ?vx?_
jfkt hDdf g] ?= @%*,#&*=)) lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 . !—klxnf] ls:tf
a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? @#),@*)=*) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @—bf]>f] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL
/sd g] ?= @*,)(*=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6
lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6
;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] tkm{ af6
x:tfIf/M gfdM kbM ldltM 5fkM
x:tfIf/M gfdM kbM ldltM 5fkM
x:tfIf/M gfdM kbM ldltM 5fkM
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 184
lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no /
lhNnf jg sfof{no /
;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf
Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_ kq
s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, nlntk'/ != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuLJoj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @ a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, nlntk'/ != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] . @= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt - xfn nlntk'/ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt _÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ . #= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] . s'df/L ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, != a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ . @= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x 'g] . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ . %= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ .
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 185
v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj k/fdz{bftf÷ lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, nlntk'/ != a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ . @= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . $= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] * ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -@)) ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= #@,*!)=)) lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 . !—klxnf] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? @(,@$@=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @—bf]>f] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= #,%^*=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6
lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6
;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] tkm{ af6
x:tfIf/M gfdM kbM ldltM 5fkM
x:tfIf/M gfdM kbM ldltM 5fkM
x:tfIf/M gfdM kbM ldltM 5fkM
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 186
lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no /
lhNnf jg sfof{no /
;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf
Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_kq
s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, nlntk'/ != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuLJoj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @ a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, nlntk'/ != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] . @= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt - xfn nlntk'/ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt _÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ . #= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] . jgb]lj ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, != a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ . @= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x 'g] . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 187
%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj k/fdz{bftf÷ lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, nlntk'/ != a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ . @= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . $= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] @@ ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -@%) ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= #@,*!)=)) lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 . !—klxnf] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? *),$!%=%) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @—bf]>f] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= (,*!@=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6
lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6
;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] tkm{ af6
x:tfIf/M gfdM kbM ldltM 5fkM
x:tfIf/M gfdM kbM ldltM 5fkM
x:tfIf/M gfdM kbM ldltM 5fkM
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 188
lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no /
lhNnf jg sfof{no /
;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf
Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_kq
s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, nlntk'/ != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuLJoj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @ a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, nlntk'/ != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] . @= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt - xfn nlntk'/ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt _÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ . #= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] . r08f]n ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, != a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ . @= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x'g] . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 189
%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj k/fdz{bftf÷ lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, nlntk'/ != a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ . @= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . $= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] #( ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -(&% ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= !%(,($*=&% lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 . !—klxnf] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? !$@,%%$=*) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @—bf]>f] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= !&,#($+=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6
lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6
;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] tkm{ af6
x:tfIf/M gfdM kbM ldltM 5fkM
x:tfIf/M gfdM kbM ldltM 5fkM
x:tfIf/M gfdM kbM ldltM 5fkM
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 190
lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no /
lhNnf jg sfof{no /
wfld{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf
Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_kq
s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, nlntk'/ != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuLJoj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt wfld{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -wf=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @ a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt wfld{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, nlntk'/ != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] . @= wf=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt - xfn nlntk'/ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt _÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ . #= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] . dgsfdgf wfld{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, != a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ . @= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x 'g] . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 191
%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj k/fdz{bftf÷ lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, nlntk'/ != a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu wfld{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ . @= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . $= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] !$ ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -#%) ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= %&,$!&=%) lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 . !—klxnf] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? %!,!&#=%) ;DalGwt wfld{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -wf=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @—bf]>f] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= ^,@$$=)) ;DalGwt wfld{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6
lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6
wfld{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] tkm{ af6
x:tfIf/M gfdM kbM ldltM 5fkM
x:tfIf/M gfdM kbM ldltM 5fkM
x:tfIf/M gfdM kbM ldltM 5fkM
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 192
lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no /
lhNnf jg sfof{noxsf] aLrdf
Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_ sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_ kq
s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, nlntk'/ != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0fsfo{ ug{sf] nfuL Joj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{nonfO{ pknAw u/fpg] . @= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udg ug]{ . #= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{nonfO{ pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, nlntk'/ != a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ . @= lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug{{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{ Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf ;xof]u ug]{ . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ . %= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno÷;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnon] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf sfof{Gjog ;xof]u k/fdz{bftf÷lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, nlntk'/ != a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ . @= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . $= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] @)) ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -%)) lj?jf_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= *@,)@%=)) lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 193
!—klxnf] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? &#,!)%=)) lhNnf jg sfof{nonfO{ pknAw u/fpg] . @—bf]>f] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= *,(@)=)) lhNnf jg sfof{no nfO{ pknAw u/fpg]] .
lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷ lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6
lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6
x:tfIf/M gfdM kbM ldltM 5fkM
x:tfIf/M gfdM kbM ldltM 5fkM
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 194
F. Plantation Plan in District
Compensatory Plantation
Requirements for Plantation Activities
1) Coordination with DFO - Meeting will be held with DFO and CFUGs to discuss about the
plantation management
2) Agreement with DFO/CFUGs/DCC - Agreement will be done with DFO and DCC/DTO
for the compensatory plantation
3) Managing planting stock - Nursery establishment and operation
From DFO/CFUG nursery
From private nursery owner from districts
Fruit trees in private land - Horticulture farms in districts.
4) Identification and survey of plantation area - Plantation area will be identified by DFO
and survey will be done.
5) Fencing - Fencing will be done by concerned DFO/CFUG.
6) Pitting - Pits of 45cmx30cm x 30cm size will be dug.
7) Transportation of seedlings - From nursery to the planting sites
8) Planting - It will be done by the DFO/CFUGs in the starting of monsoon
9) Weeding - After the monsoon season, weeding is done to reduce the competition by
weeds.
10) Survival count - Before winter starts, survival of the plantation will be done for casualty
replacement before next monsoon.
Plan of Action for Plantation in CF, RF and NF
Activities May
18
Jun
18
Jul
18
Aug
18
Sep
18
Oct
18
Nov
18
Dec
18
Jan
19
Agreement with
DFO/CFUG/RF
UG/DCC
Managing
planting stock
Survey of
plantation area
Fencing
Pitting
Transportation
of seedlings
Planting
Weeding
Survival count
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 195
Roadside Plantation
1) Coordination with local communities, Municipality and DFO - Meeting will be held with
concerned local communities, Municipality and DFO to discuss about the plantation
management
2) Agreement with concerned stakeholders - Agreement will be done with concerned local
communities, Municipality and DFO for the road side plantation
3) Managing planting stock - Nursery establishment and operation
From DFO nursery
From private nursery owner from districts
Fruit trees in private land - Horticulture farms in districts.
4) Identification and survey of plantation area - Plantation area will be identified by
concerned local communities, Municipality, and DFO and survey will be done.
5) Fencing - Fencing will be done by concerned local communities, Municipality and DFO.
6) Pitting - Pits of appropriate size will be dug depending on species
7) Transportation of seedlings - From nursery to the planting sites
8) Planting - It will be done in the starting of monsoon
9) Weeding - After the monsoon season, weeding is done to reduce the competition by
weeds.
10) Survival count - before winter starts, survival of the plantation will be done for casualty
replacement before next monsoon.
Plan of Action for Roadside Plantation
Activities May 18 June 18 July 18 Aug 18 Sep 18
Agreement with local
communities, Municipality
and DFO
Managing planting stock
Survey of plantation area
Fencing
Pitting
Transportation of seedlings
Planting
Weeding
Survival count
IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 196
Plantation in Private Land
Coordination with affected landowner - Meeting will be held with concerned affected
landowner to discuss about the plantation trees in their land.
1) Managing planting stock
From DFO/CFUG nursery
From private nursery owner from districts
Fruit trees in private land - Horticulture farms in districts.
2) Identification and survey of plantation area - Plantation area will be identified in
coordination with affected landowner.
3) Protection- Protection of planted trees will be done by the landowner.
4) Pitting - Pits of appropriate size will be dug depending on the species.
5) Transportation of seedlings - From nursery to the planting sites
6) Planting - It will be done by the affected landowner and cost will be provided in the
starting of monsoon
7) Weeding - After the monsoon season, weeding is done to reduce weed competition.
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Annex VIII : Details on Structure Compensation Estimation
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Annex IX: Photographs
Photo 1: Public consultation
during field study
Photo 2: Road alingment of Lalit
Gumti
Figure 3: Vegetation along the
road alingment
Photo 4: Study of rock and soil
along road alingment
Photo 5: Plant identification
Photo 6: Dbh measurement
during vegetation survey
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